Abstract In Ghana, members of the middle class have recently started establishing family associations and foundations to support upward social mobility and to help secure middle-class status for family members of lower social status or non-related Ghanaians. Such family foundations and associations are usually established by family members, who see themselves as social reformers and feel that their own social status has been attained through talent and their own efforts, as well as the opportunity to obtain a quality education. By claiming the group’s common descent from a charismatic ancestor, men and women of the middle class creatively (re-)invent family organisations and boundaries of family and solidarity. The kind of association or foundation set up by extended families depends on their members’ social, financial and educational backgrounds: socially heterogeneous families tend to establish associations of solidarity to support their extended families. Foundations of families that are more homogeneo...
{"title":"Family Foundations for Solidarity and Social Mobility: Mitigating Class Boundaries in Ghanaian Families","authors":"A. Noll","doi":"10.3790/SOC.66.2.137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/SOC.66.2.137","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In Ghana, members of the middle class have recently started establishing family associations and foundations to support upward social mobility and to help secure middle-class status for family members of lower social status or non-related Ghanaians. Such family foundations and associations are usually established by family members, who see themselves as social reformers and feel that their own social status has been attained through talent and their own efforts, as well as the opportunity to obtain a quality education. By claiming the group’s common descent from a charismatic ancestor, men and women of the middle class creatively (re-)invent family organisations and boundaries of family and solidarity. The kind of association or foundation set up by extended families depends on their members’ social, financial and educational backgrounds: socially heterogeneous families tend to establish associations of solidarity to support their extended families. Foundations of families that are more homogeneo...","PeriodicalId":42778,"journal":{"name":"Sociologus","volume":"66 1","pages":"137-157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70194017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This contribution suggests a classification of different anthropological contributions to entrepreneurship research. Critical approaches to entrepreneurship focus on the ideological bias of the term. As the work of Mary Douglas, they critique the methodological individualism and the utilitarian self-concept underlying the entrepreneur. Affirmative approaches, in the tradition of Joseph Schumpeter or Frederik Barth, are concerned with the definition, understanding and transformative outcomes of entrepreneurship. Pragmatic approaches use tactically the social eminence of the term by expanding it to a wide range of apparently distant topics, such as the ‘ethno-preneur’ coined by John and Jean Comaroff. To illustrate the analytical scope of each of these approaches, I discuss some of my empirical material from Spain, such as the discourse on entrepreneurship in the 2015 parliamentary elections, the case of a media entrepreneur in rural Andalusia and the politics of heritage entrepreneurship and the M...
{"title":"Mann der Tat, Enterprise Culture and Ethno-preneurs: Discussing the Scope of Affirmative, Critical and Pragmatic Approaches to Entrepreneurship in Spain","authors":"Richard Pfeilstetter","doi":"10.3790/SOC.66.2.183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/SOC.66.2.183","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This contribution suggests a classification of different anthropological contributions to entrepreneurship research. Critical approaches to entrepreneurship focus on the ideological bias of the term. As the work of Mary Douglas, they critique the methodological individualism and the utilitarian self-concept underlying the entrepreneur. Affirmative approaches, in the tradition of Joseph Schumpeter or Frederik Barth, are concerned with the definition, understanding and transformative outcomes of entrepreneurship. Pragmatic approaches use tactically the social eminence of the term by expanding it to a wide range of apparently distant topics, such as the ‘ethno-preneur’ coined by John and Jean Comaroff. To illustrate the analytical scope of each of these approaches, I discuss some of my empirical material from Spain, such as the discourse on entrepreneurship in the 2015 parliamentary elections, the case of a media entrepreneur in rural Andalusia and the politics of heritage entrepreneurship and the M...","PeriodicalId":42778,"journal":{"name":"Sociologus","volume":"66 1","pages":"183-202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70193720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Beauty and the Norm: Debating Standardization in Bodily Appearance 6 – 8 April 2016, Iwalewahaus/Chair for Social Anthropology Bayreuth University","authors":"Taylor Riley","doi":"10.3790/soc.66.2.203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/soc.66.2.203","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42778,"journal":{"name":"Sociologus","volume":"66 1","pages":"203-206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70193855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Drawing on my fieldwork experience with Brazilian travesti1 sex workers in Rio de Janeiro, I argue that travestis’ desire for beauty both structures their daily experiences and empowers them. Travestis have to engage with a complicated, dangerous and expensive career in order to construct their identities. The attainment of a beautiful body is at the heart of their interest. Travestis seek a sense of ‘perfection’, that is, they strive to be like women, but beautiful and desirable ones. Their aim is to create bodies that can achieve feminine and glamorous shapes. Every bodily improvement reinforces their self-identity and status within the group. Although their lives can be very hard – it is difficult to be a travesti in Brazilian society, which is rather intolerant of sexual and gender diversity – it is through the processes they engage in to produce beautiful and feminine bodies that travestis give meaning to their existence and find a place for themselves in their communities and in the world, ...
{"title":"Beauty that Matters: Brazilian Travesti Sex Workers Feeling Beautiful","authors":"J. Vartabedian","doi":"10.3790/SOC.66.1.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/SOC.66.1.73","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Drawing on my fieldwork experience with Brazilian travesti1 sex workers in Rio de Janeiro, I argue that travestis’ desire for beauty both structures their daily experiences and empowers them. Travestis have to engage with a complicated, dangerous and expensive career in order to construct their identities. The attainment of a beautiful body is at the heart of their interest. Travestis seek a sense of ‘perfection’, that is, they strive to be like women, but beautiful and desirable ones. Their aim is to create bodies that can achieve feminine and glamorous shapes. Every bodily improvement reinforces their self-identity and status within the group. Although their lives can be very hard – it is difficult to be a travesti in Brazilian society, which is rather intolerant of sexual and gender diversity – it is through the processes they engage in to produce beautiful and feminine bodies that travestis give meaning to their existence and find a place for themselves in their communities and in the world, ...","PeriodicalId":42778,"journal":{"name":"Sociologus","volume":"66 1","pages":"73-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70193837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Manufacturing Beauty, Grooming Selves : the Creation of Femininities in the Global Economy – An Introduction","authors":"Claudia Liebelt","doi":"10.3790/SOC.66.1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/SOC.66.1.9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42778,"journal":{"name":"Sociologus","volume":"66 1","pages":"9-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70193910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Inspired by Bourdieu’s forms of capital, theorists have utilized the additional category of erotic capital as a descriptor of the increasing importance of physical appearance to economic mobility. Although this phenomenon also exists in Mongolia, the pursuit of corporeal attractiveness only depicts one prevalent erotic field highly conceptually intertwined with values of market and modernity. Additionally, the prevalence of this belief in the emancipatory power of attractiveness also overlaps with indigenous concepts of fortune (hishig) and reputation (nerelkhuu), which most likely facilitated its integration in the Mongolian context. As a result, individuals from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds pursue a standard of beauty associated with the wealthy and successful. In particular, women, who have been particularly hard hit by the vagaries of the current Mongolian economy, have increasingly turned to physical appearance capitalization as a means to safeguard their economic and social standing.
{"title":"Erotic Capital as Societal Elevator: Pursuing Feminine Attractiveness in the Contemporary Mongolian Global(ising) Economy","authors":"H. Waters","doi":"10.3790/SOC.66.1.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/SOC.66.1.25","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Inspired by Bourdieu’s forms of capital, theorists have utilized the additional category of erotic capital as a descriptor of the increasing importance of physical appearance to economic mobility. Although this phenomenon also exists in Mongolia, the pursuit of corporeal attractiveness only depicts one prevalent erotic field highly conceptually intertwined with values of market and modernity. Additionally, the prevalence of this belief in the emancipatory power of attractiveness also overlaps with indigenous concepts of fortune (hishig) and reputation (nerelkhuu), which most likely facilitated its integration in the Mongolian context. As a result, individuals from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds pursue a standard of beauty associated with the wealthy and successful. In particular, women, who have been particularly hard hit by the vagaries of the current Mongolian economy, have increasingly turned to physical appearance capitalization as a means to safeguard their economic and social standing.","PeriodicalId":42778,"journal":{"name":"Sociologus","volume":"66 1","pages":"25-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70193691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In the past five to ten years, the popularity of eyebrow beautification (as a practice and a profession) has come under close scrutiny amongst the Muslim Pakistani community in Sheffield (UK) due to the apparent incompatibility of eyebrow modification with revivalist interpretations of Islamic doctrine. In this article I consider how the seemingly insignificant act of shaping the brow incites complex discussions regarding Islamic permissibility, being a ‘good girl’ within the Pakistani community and what it means to be a ‘good person’. Analysing how such moral subjectivities are shaped by local, raced and classed articulations of femininity, the article contributes to the scholarly debates on both beauty work and young Muslim British-Pakistani women’s complex identifications.
{"title":"Shaping Eyebrows and Moral Selves: Considering Islamic Discourse, Gender, and Ethnicity within the Muslim Pakistani Community of Sheffield (UK)","authors":"H. Clarke","doi":"10.3790/SOC.66.1.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/SOC.66.1.53","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the past five to ten years, the popularity of eyebrow beautification (as a practice and a profession) has come under close scrutiny amongst the Muslim Pakistani community in Sheffield (UK) due to the apparent incompatibility of eyebrow modification with revivalist interpretations of Islamic doctrine. In this article I consider how the seemingly insignificant act of shaping the brow incites complex discussions regarding Islamic permissibility, being a ‘good girl’ within the Pakistani community and what it means to be a ‘good person’. Analysing how such moral subjectivities are shaped by local, raced and classed articulations of femininity, the article contributes to the scholarly debates on both beauty work and young Muslim British-Pakistani women’s complex identifications.","PeriodicalId":42778,"journal":{"name":"Sociologus","volume":"66 1","pages":"53-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70193767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Das Institut für Ethnologie in Freiburg feiert sein 50-jähriges Bestehen","authors":"Yvonne Troll","doi":"10.3790/SOC.66.1.97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/SOC.66.1.97","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42778,"journal":{"name":"Sociologus","volume":"66 1","pages":"97-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70193959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nachruf für Christian Sigrist 1935 – 2015","authors":"G. Hauck, R. Kössler","doi":"10.3790/SOC.65.2.225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/SOC.65.2.225","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42778,"journal":{"name":"Sociologus","volume":"65 1","pages":"225-227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70193482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zusammenfassung Weltweit ist zu beobachten, dass Migrant/-innen in ihren Herkunftsregionen kostspielige und aufwendige Hauser bauen. Da es in vielen Herkunftsregionen aber nur wenige Arbeitsmoglichkeiten gibt, leben Migrant/-innen oft kaum oder nur fur kurze Zeit in ihren neuen Hausern. Vorherige Studien haben gezeigt, welche Ambivalenzen dieses globale Phanomen fur lokale und transnationale Gemeinschaften mit sich bringt. Die Auswirkungen des neuen, migrationsbedingten Hausbaus auf Haushaltsdynamiken und insbesondere die darin inkorporierten Geschlechter- und Generationenbeziehungen sind bisher jedoch nur wenig untersucht worden. Anhand einer ethnographischen Langzeitstudie analysiert der Beitrag den Wandel des Hausbaus in der Gemeinde Pueblo Nuevo im zentralmexikanischen Bundesstaat Estado de Mexico innerhalb der letzten zwanzig Jahre. Vor allem die patrilokale Residenz und die Praxis der Ultimogenitur haben sich verandert. Wie gezeigt wird, ist ein wesentlicher Grund fur den Wandel die starke Zunahme d...
世界各地的情况都显示，他们回去后然而，由于离开原居地的情况往往鲜有，所以偏僻的妇女往往很少或只在他们的新房子里住一阵子。先前的研究表明这种全球幽灵给本地社区和跨国社区带来的矛盾。然而，关于新的、与移民相关的住房，特别是对性别和世代关系的影响，迄今为止尚不甚研究。根据《长期族群》的一项研究，本文分析了墨西哥中部10至20年间Pueblo Nuevo社区内住宅建筑的变化。全县的贵族精神和乌提摩西王朝的做法已经改变了。由此可见，变迁的一个重要原因是d. t . t。
{"title":"Gebauter Lebenssinn. Häuser in transnationalen mexikanischen Familien","authors":"Julia Pauli","doi":"10.3790/SOC.65.2.153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/SOC.65.2.153","url":null,"abstract":"Zusammenfassung Weltweit ist zu beobachten, dass Migrant/-innen in ihren Herkunftsregionen kostspielige und aufwendige Hauser bauen. Da es in vielen Herkunftsregionen aber nur wenige Arbeitsmoglichkeiten gibt, leben Migrant/-innen oft kaum oder nur fur kurze Zeit in ihren neuen Hausern. Vorherige Studien haben gezeigt, welche Ambivalenzen dieses globale Phanomen fur lokale und transnationale Gemeinschaften mit sich bringt. Die Auswirkungen des neuen, migrationsbedingten Hausbaus auf Haushaltsdynamiken und insbesondere die darin inkorporierten Geschlechter- und Generationenbeziehungen sind bisher jedoch nur wenig untersucht worden. Anhand einer ethnographischen Langzeitstudie analysiert der Beitrag den Wandel des Hausbaus in der Gemeinde Pueblo Nuevo im zentralmexikanischen Bundesstaat Estado de Mexico innerhalb der letzten zwanzig Jahre. Vor allem die patrilokale Residenz und die Praxis der Ultimogenitur haben sich verandert. Wie gezeigt wird, ist ein wesentlicher Grund fur den Wandel die starke Zunahme d...","PeriodicalId":42778,"journal":{"name":"Sociologus","volume":"65 1","pages":"153-175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70193503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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