{"title":"Spaces of Belonging Between Mexico and the United States – Introduction","authors":"S. Schütze","doi":"10.3790/SOC.67.2.125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/SOC.67.2.125","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42778,"journal":{"name":"Sociologus","volume":"67 1","pages":"125-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42226489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The aim of this article is to analyse the construction of a sense of belonging among the children of Indigenous immigrants who work in agriculture in the U.S. state of California in light of research that focuses on childhood and youth mobility as well as on new forms of political organization in the United States. Three lines of inquiry are developed throughout the text intersected by a gender analysis: 1. the mobility experienced by the children in the context of their family’s migration as part of the exploitation system of global agriculture; 2. the unequal access of children and young people to schooling due to their class condition combined with racialization mechanisms produced by teachers’ low expectations of their scholarly performance; and 3. the construction of ambivalent senses of belonging developed by a double logic of cultural criticism and resignification of gender and ethnic bases. This recovered sense of belonging emerges through their political participation in youth and commun...
{"title":"The Ambivalence of Belonging: Children of Indigenous Immigrants in the United States","authors":"Laura Velasco Ortiz","doi":"10.3790/SOC.67.2.171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/SOC.67.2.171","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of this article is to analyse the construction of a sense of belonging among the children of Indigenous immigrants who work in agriculture in the U.S. state of California in light of research that focuses on childhood and youth mobility as well as on new forms of political organization in the United States. Three lines of inquiry are developed throughout the text intersected by a gender analysis: 1. the mobility experienced by the children in the context of their family’s migration as part of the exploitation system of global agriculture; 2. the unequal access of children and young people to schooling due to their class condition combined with racialization mechanisms produced by teachers’ low expectations of their scholarly performance; and 3. the construction of ambivalent senses of belonging developed by a double logic of cultural criticism and resignification of gender and ethnic bases. This recovered sense of belonging emerges through their political participation in youth and commun...","PeriodicalId":42778,"journal":{"name":"Sociologus","volume":"67 1","pages":"171-190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48722590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Based on four case studies from India and South America, this Special Issue aims to analyse ‘Indigenous’ knowledge practices and ontologies that challenge prevailing epistemological orders and paradigms. The projects and initiatives discussed are mostly considered as alternative to the ‘Western’ knowledge system, but, at the same time, they refer to it and even appropriate particular strategies that have become typical of institutionalised knowledge production and transmission. The introduction to this Special Issue proposes an anthropological perspective on this matter. It discusses relevant approaches of anthropology that deal in manifold ways with the concept of ‘Indigenous’ or ‘alternative’ knowledge (e.g. Ward Goodenough, Harold Conklin, Evans-Pritchard, and Franz Boas). I contextualise the discourse on Indigenous knowledge in space and time, and also address the assumed dichotomy between ‘Indigenous’ and ‘Western’ knowledge systems. ‘Alternative’ or ‘Indigenous’ knowledge is not fixed, but ...
{"title":"Alternative Models of Knowledge as a Critique of Epistemic Power Structures – Introduction","authors":"Anna Meiser","doi":"10.3790/SOC.67.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/SOC.67.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Based on four case studies from India and South America, this Special Issue aims to analyse ‘Indigenous’ knowledge practices and ontologies that challenge prevailing epistemological orders and paradigms. The projects and initiatives discussed are mostly considered as alternative to the ‘Western’ knowledge system, but, at the same time, they refer to it and even appropriate particular strategies that have become typical of institutionalised knowledge production and transmission. The introduction to this Special Issue proposes an anthropological perspective on this matter. It discusses relevant approaches of anthropology that deal in manifold ways with the concept of ‘Indigenous’ or ‘alternative’ knowledge (e.g. Ward Goodenough, Harold Conklin, Evans-Pritchard, and Franz Boas). I contextualise the discourse on Indigenous knowledge in space and time, and also address the assumed dichotomy between ‘Indigenous’ and ‘Western’ knowledge systems. ‘Alternative’ or ‘Indigenous’ knowledge is not fixed, but ...","PeriodicalId":42778,"journal":{"name":"Sociologus","volume":"67 1","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2017-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46223833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zusammenfassung Die Dekolonisierung ethnologischer Museen ist auch in Deutschland zunehmend ein Thema. Neben systematischer Provenienzforschung mit einem besonderen Fokus auf den problematischen Aspekten der Sammlungsgeschichte (z.B. im Rahmen deutscher Kolonialfeldzuge), versteht man darunter den Aufbau und die Pflege von Kooperationen mit Menschen aus den sogenannten Source Communities, die heute in den Herkunftsregionen der Sammlungen leben. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschaftigt sich am Beispiel eines Kooperationsprojekts zwischen dem Ethnologischen Museum Berlin und einer indigenen Universitat in Venezuela mit den epistemologischen und methodischen Herausforderungen einer solchen Zusammenarbeit. Die Autorin des Beitrags hat das Projekt selbst koordiniert, dafur die indigene Universitat mehrfach in den Jahren 2014 und 2015 besucht und Gegenbesuche indigener Studierender in Berlin begleitet (ebenfalls 2014 und 2015). Im ersten Teil des Beitrags werden die organisatorische Struktur und die padagogischen Le...
{"title":"„Wissen teilen“ als postkoloniale Museumspraxis – Ein Kooperationsprojekt zwischen der Universidad Nacional Experimental Indígena del Tauca (Venezuela) und dem Ethnologischen Museum Berlin","authors":"A. Scholz","doi":"10.3790/SOC.67.1.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/SOC.67.1.59","url":null,"abstract":"Zusammenfassung Die Dekolonisierung ethnologischer Museen ist auch in Deutschland zunehmend ein Thema. Neben systematischer Provenienzforschung mit einem besonderen Fokus auf den problematischen Aspekten der Sammlungsgeschichte (z.B. im Rahmen deutscher Kolonialfeldzuge), versteht man darunter den Aufbau und die Pflege von Kooperationen mit Menschen aus den sogenannten Source Communities, die heute in den Herkunftsregionen der Sammlungen leben. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschaftigt sich am Beispiel eines Kooperationsprojekts zwischen dem Ethnologischen Museum Berlin und einer indigenen Universitat in Venezuela mit den epistemologischen und methodischen Herausforderungen einer solchen Zusammenarbeit. Die Autorin des Beitrags hat das Projekt selbst koordiniert, dafur die indigene Universitat mehrfach in den Jahren 2014 und 2015 besucht und Gegenbesuche indigener Studierender in Berlin begleitet (ebenfalls 2014 und 2015). Im ersten Teil des Beitrags werden die organisatorische Struktur und die padagogischen Le...","PeriodicalId":42778,"journal":{"name":"Sociologus","volume":"67 1","pages":"59-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44221117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Affected by the current context of neo-extractivism and the ongoing expansion of world market oriented agriculture and livestock breeding into primary forest areas, Indigenous organizations and communities are seeking support to protect their territories. Forced to enter into an environment of negotiation dominated by foreign cosmologies and paradigms, delegates of Indigenous organizations who participate in meetings outside their own, well known physical and spiritual territories and environments are constantly confronted with difficulties; they have to transmit messages of their own living context during those events, and, later on, provide information on the results to their own communities. At the same time, and based on extended experiences, they have developed a variety of different strategies to cope with these situations. This article draws on long-time expertise in the development cooperation in South America. Based on research stays and the monitoring of various processes among Indigeno...
{"title":"Indigenous Deals – Cosmologies Negotiated in Environmental and Development Projects","authors":"Volker von Bremen","doi":"10.3790/SOC.67.1.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/SOC.67.1.43","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Affected by the current context of neo-extractivism and the ongoing expansion of world market oriented agriculture and livestock breeding into primary forest areas, Indigenous organizations and communities are seeking support to protect their territories. Forced to enter into an environment of negotiation dominated by foreign cosmologies and paradigms, delegates of Indigenous organizations who participate in meetings outside their own, well known physical and spiritual territories and environments are constantly confronted with difficulties; they have to transmit messages of their own living context during those events, and, later on, provide information on the results to their own communities. At the same time, and based on extended experiences, they have developed a variety of different strategies to cope with these situations. This article draws on long-time expertise in the development cooperation in South America. Based on research stays and the monitoring of various processes among Indigeno...","PeriodicalId":42778,"journal":{"name":"Sociologus","volume":"67 1","pages":"43-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43362189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Since the second half of the twentieth century, projects of international development have increasingly embraced Indigenous knowledge. This article discusses the ways in which development organisations justify, legitimise, and valorise Indigenous knowledge towards financiers, the general public, and political or developmental institutions. I analyse a development project situated in the Peruvian Andes (region of Ayacucho) which aims at the conservation and transmission of elderly persons’ agricultural knowledge. The project is part of binational development cooperation: Carried out by a Peruvian non-profit organisation, the project is funded by a German non-profit organisation via third-party funds and donations. Based on field research in both Germany and Peru this article shows how the two development organisations frame the same development project in different ways, depending on their respective organisational objectives, relevant discourses, or audiences. Two larger issues are addressed in t...
{"title":"Reformulating Development? Models of Indigenous Knowledge in International Development","authors":"C. Grimm","doi":"10.3790/SOC.67.1.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/SOC.67.1.23","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Since the second half of the twentieth century, projects of international development have increasingly embraced Indigenous knowledge. This article discusses the ways in which development organisations justify, legitimise, and valorise Indigenous knowledge towards financiers, the general public, and political or developmental institutions. I analyse a development project situated in the Peruvian Andes (region of Ayacucho) which aims at the conservation and transmission of elderly persons’ agricultural knowledge. The project is part of binational development cooperation: Carried out by a Peruvian non-profit organisation, the project is funded by a German non-profit organisation via third-party funds and donations. Based on field research in both Germany and Peru this article shows how the two development organisations frame the same development project in different ways, depending on their respective organisational objectives, relevant discourses, or audiences. Two larger issues are addressed in t...","PeriodicalId":42778,"journal":{"name":"Sociologus","volume":"67 1","pages":"23-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46471715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In the late 19th and early 20th centuries South Asian intellectuals began to develop a specifically Indian political economy – ostensibly grounded in Indigenous interests, values, norms, knowledge systems, and practices – as a response to the failure of the British colonial government to bring ‘moral and material improvement’ to the subcontinent. The article examines the relationship between colonial knowledge/power and the anti-hegemonic project of an Indian political economy, which claims to assert ‘Indigenous’ knowledge as counter-knowledge, but continues to share the same discursive space as orthodox political economy. The contribution explores how the alterity and indigeneity of Indian political economy was justfied and discusses the power relations in which the legitimacy of this alterity was enmeshed. Finally, the article analyses the limits set to the emancipatory impetus of such an ‘indigenous, postcolonial critique’.
{"title":"Knowledge/Power in (Post)Colonial India 1870–1920: Indian Political Economy as Counter-Knowledge and the Transformation of the Colonial Order","authors":"Katja Rieck","doi":"10.3790/SOC.67.1.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/SOC.67.1.83","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the late 19th and early 20th centuries South Asian intellectuals began to develop a specifically Indian political economy – ostensibly grounded in Indigenous interests, values, norms, knowledge systems, and practices – as a response to the failure of the British colonial government to bring ‘moral and material improvement’ to the subcontinent. The article examines the relationship between colonial knowledge/power and the anti-hegemonic project of an Indian political economy, which claims to assert ‘Indigenous’ knowledge as counter-knowledge, but continues to share the same discursive space as orthodox political economy. The contribution explores how the alterity and indigeneity of Indian political economy was justfied and discusses the power relations in which the legitimacy of this alterity was enmeshed. Finally, the article analyses the limits set to the emancipatory impetus of such an ‘indigenous, postcolonial critique’.","PeriodicalId":42778,"journal":{"name":"Sociologus","volume":"67 1","pages":"83-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47478348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This article examines how immigrant entrepreneurs ‘break-out’ of their reliance on co-ethnic markets by becoming attractive to customers beyond their own ethnic community. So far, break-out has been considered mainly an economically driven and consciously implemented strategy. By drawing upon interviews with small business owners in the Turkish food retailing sector in Vienna, as well as crowd-sourced reviews about immigrant businesses on online platforms, I want to complement this view in two aspects: First, there is considerable evidence that the entrepreneurs’ market orientation is shaped by their social embeddedness which is expressed by referring to the contradictory contexts of different expectations – not only those of their own community but also those of the majority community. Second, by using the example of the entrepreneur’s urban neighbourhood, it is suggested that break-out is not solely the result of a deliberately adopted strategy, but rather the outcome of factors far beyond the ...
{"title":"‘Staying-In’ or ‘Breaking-Out’? How Immigrant Entrepreneurs (do not) Enter Mainstream Markets","authors":"M. Parzer","doi":"10.3790/SOC.66.2.159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/SOC.66.2.159","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article examines how immigrant entrepreneurs ‘break-out’ of their reliance on co-ethnic markets by becoming attractive to customers beyond their own ethnic community. So far, break-out has been considered mainly an economically driven and consciously implemented strategy. By drawing upon interviews with small business owners in the Turkish food retailing sector in Vienna, as well as crowd-sourced reviews about immigrant businesses on online platforms, I want to complement this view in two aspects: First, there is considerable evidence that the entrepreneurs’ market orientation is shaped by their social embeddedness which is expressed by referring to the contradictory contexts of different expectations – not only those of their own community but also those of the majority community. Second, by using the example of the entrepreneur’s urban neighbourhood, it is suggested that break-out is not solely the result of a deliberately adopted strategy, but rather the outcome of factors far beyond the ...","PeriodicalId":42778,"journal":{"name":"Sociologus","volume":"66 1","pages":"159-182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70194149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zusammenfassung In diesem Aufsatz untersuchen wir, wie in afrikanischen Nationalfeiern in Burkina Faso, Cote d’Ivoire und Ghana durch Raum- und Sitzordnungen die Nation inszeniert und aufgefuhrt wird. Nation ist eine vorgestellte Gemeinschaft, die beansprucht, andere soziale Zugehorigkeiten wie die zu ethnischen oder religiosen Gemeinschaften zu stratifizieren und andere Differenzen wie etwa Alter oder Geschlecht zu Binnendifferenzen herabzustufen. Nation hat aber gewissermasen ein Sichtbarkeitsproblem; Nationalitat ist eine relativ abstrakte Zugehorigkeit, die nur durch einige wenige Marker wie die Nationalflagge und ihr Verhaltnis zu anderen Differenzen dargestellt werden kann. Nationalfeiern sind zentrale offentliche Ereignisse, die die Nation auf mehreren Ebenen anschaulich und erfahrbar machen. In diesem Artikel fokussieren wir auf die Gestaltung der Buhne und des Zuschauerraums, auf der bzw. vor dem die verschiedenen Zeremonien der Nationalfeier stattfinden. Wir betrachten zum einen die Inszenierung...
{"title":"„Jeder hat seinen Platz“. Differenzpolitik und Raumordnung in afrikanischen Nationalfeiern","authors":"Marie-Christin Gabriel, Carola Lentz, Konstanze N'Guessan","doi":"10.3790/SOC.66.2.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/SOC.66.2.105","url":null,"abstract":"Zusammenfassung In diesem Aufsatz untersuchen wir, wie in afrikanischen Nationalfeiern in Burkina Faso, Cote d’Ivoire und Ghana durch Raum- und Sitzordnungen die Nation inszeniert und aufgefuhrt wird. Nation ist eine vorgestellte Gemeinschaft, die beansprucht, andere soziale Zugehorigkeiten wie die zu ethnischen oder religiosen Gemeinschaften zu stratifizieren und andere Differenzen wie etwa Alter oder Geschlecht zu Binnendifferenzen herabzustufen. Nation hat aber gewissermasen ein Sichtbarkeitsproblem; Nationalitat ist eine relativ abstrakte Zugehorigkeit, die nur durch einige wenige Marker wie die Nationalflagge und ihr Verhaltnis zu anderen Differenzen dargestellt werden kann. Nationalfeiern sind zentrale offentliche Ereignisse, die die Nation auf mehreren Ebenen anschaulich und erfahrbar machen. In diesem Artikel fokussieren wir auf die Gestaltung der Buhne und des Zuschauerraums, auf der bzw. vor dem die verschiedenen Zeremonien der Nationalfeier stattfinden. Wir betrachten zum einen die Inszenierung...","PeriodicalId":42778,"journal":{"name":"Sociologus","volume":"66 1","pages":"105-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70193974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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