This paper deals with the compensation paid to British slave owners at the end of slavery in the 1830s. It explores its current reassessment within Caribbean claims to slavery reparations, exemplified by Jamaican activists and scholars, who have always been at the forefront of calls for reparations across the whole Americas in different regions and periods. Based on anthropological research and interviews I conducted with members of National Council for Reparations in Kingston in 2014 and 2017, I analyse how they trace back the legacies of slavery and compensation, link them to current social conditions, and generate a political agenda on behalf of reparations, addressing foremost the British government. I highlight narratives that reassess the compensation of British slave owners while the enslaved people went to freedom without any compensation for the injuries they suffered. I emphasize how powerfully the notion of injustice and the need to repair resonates in Jamaica. In particular, the paper explores activists’ reactions in relation to research that uncovered the links of former British Prime Minister David Cameron to the Caribbean slavery economy and a public scandal in relation to a bank loan for compensation that was paid off only in the year 2015. Finally, I reflect on their countering of the British politics of denial of recognition and of the hierarchy of global power relations. My research encourages further academic and political debates on how to come to terms with historical injustices through a framework of reparations that would include slavery, colonialism and its long-lasting legacies.
{"title":"Reassessing the Compensation Payments to British Slave Owners in Current Caribbean Claims to Reparations","authors":"Claudia Rauhut","doi":"10.3790/SOC.70.2.123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/SOC.70.2.123","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the compensation paid to British slave owners at the end of slavery in the 1830s. It explores its current reassessment within Caribbean claims to slavery reparations, exemplified by Jamaican activists and scholars, who have always been at the forefront of calls for reparations across the whole Americas in different regions and periods. Based on anthropological research and interviews I conducted with members of National Council for Reparations in Kingston in 2014 and 2017, I analyse how they trace back the legacies of slavery and compensation, link them to current social conditions, and generate a political agenda on behalf of reparations, addressing foremost the British government. I highlight narratives that reassess the compensation of British slave owners while the enslaved people went to freedom without any compensation for the injuries they suffered. I emphasize how powerfully the notion of injustice and the need to repair resonates in Jamaica. In particular, the paper explores activists’ reactions in relation to research that uncovered the links of former British Prime Minister David Cameron to the Caribbean slavery economy and a public scandal in relation to a bank loan for compensation that was paid off only in the year 2015. Finally, I reflect on their countering of the British politics of denial of recognition and of the hierarchy of global power relations. My research encourages further academic and political debates on how to come to terms with historical injustices through a framework of reparations that would include slavery, colonialism and its long-lasting legacies.","PeriodicalId":42778,"journal":{"name":"Sociologus","volume":"70 1","pages":"123-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41590365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seit 2015 werden in Dakar Koranlektürekurse von einer Organisation angeboten, die verspricht, mittels einfacher und effizienter Methoden die Fähigkeiten zum eigenständigen Lesen des Korans innerhalb von drei Monaten zu vermitteln. Diese kostenpflichtigen Kurse sind auf eine spezielle Zielgruppe in frankophonen urbanen Bildungsmilieus zugeschnitten, die als „Intellektuelle“ bezeichnet wird. Der Artikel untersucht den Erfolg der Kurse und die soziale Positionierung der Beteiligten, die sich aus arabophonen (Lehrende) und frankophonen (Lernende) Bildungsgruppen rekrutieren. Letzteren wurde nach der Unabhängigkeit ein exklusiver Status als nationale Bildungselite zugeschrieben, der durch anhaltende Islamisierungsprozesse ‚von unten‘ zunehmend in Frage gestellt wird. Die Analyse zeigt, dass die Kurse dazu beitragen, die symbolischen Grenzen zwischen francisants und arabisants abzubauen und den frankophonen Teilnehmenden helfen, einen sozialen Status aufrecht zu erhalten, der respektable Modernität verkörpert. Eine wichtige Rolle für den Erfolg der Kurse spielen außerdem das effektive Zeitmanagement, die pädagogischen Methoden sowie die bürokratischen, räumlichen und materiellen Organisationsstrukturen, die dem Habitus der in säkularen, modernen Bildungssystemen sozialisierten Zielgruppe entsprechen. Qur’an Reading Courses for “Intellectuals” in Dakar, Senegal: Religious Adult Education in Francophone Middle Class Milieus Since 2015, a certain type of Quran reading course has been offered in Dakar. With their simple but efficient methods, these courses promise attendees the ability to read the Quran within three months. They are subject to fees and target a specific social group, identified as “intellectuals” and located within francophone educated urban milieus. The article examines the success of these courses and the social positioning of its participants, who are drawn from Arabic-speaking (teachers) and francophone (students) educated groups. Since Senegal’s independence, the latter have been ascribed an exclusive status as the national educated elite – a status that is increasingly questioned in ongoing Islamization processes ‘from below’. The analysis shows that the courses contribute to a weakening of the symbolic boundaries between francisants and arabisants and help the participants to reinforce a social status that embodies notions of respectable modernity. The specific method and pedagogy of the courses also play an important role in their success, as do their effective time management, their bureaucratic structures, and their spatial and material conditions, since these all correspond to the habitus of the target group whose members have been socialized within modern secular education systems.
自2015年以来，达喀尔提供过珊瑚礁训练，该组织承诺通过简单而有效的方法在三个月内传授独立阅读古兰经的能力。这些改建的课程专为法国城市教育部门专门的“知识分子”群体而设计。文章要分析从阿拉伯裔(学习)和法语学习者群体中挑选的参与者的课程和社会地位。后者被独立后,有一个国家地位Bildungselite的手笔,通过持续Islamisierungsprozesse‚从下面”越来越受到质疑,.分析结果显示，首度教学有助于打破特朗弗兰同阿拉伯裔之间象征性的界限，并帮助那些参与法国的人保持一个代表受人尊敬的现代性的社会地位。另外，有效的时间管理、教育方法、官僚系统、空间组织和物质组织结构与世俗现代教育系统中社会群体的情况相适应也对课程的成功起着重要作用。塞内加尔达喀尔《智慧教育》:法国法语中学中学宗教教育利用这种很简单但却很有意义的方法他们是生活目标及目标社会团体，认定思想及失去了父亲教育。鞋通过理论手段及社会观念，来自阿拉伯人的导师和父亲理事会从塞内加尔独立后，抄本都因享有国家教育精英的优越性而获奖。微积分所显示的明察《The specific和受压迫的pedagogy massive所以play important在解除武装的号,as do的effective管理时间的bureaucratic structures,桌上亮and spatial conditions,自从中国观点和材料所有correspond to The habitus of The target,集团对床的也socialized一周内现代secular教育系统.
{"title":"Koranlektüre-Kurse für „Intellektuelle“ in Dakar, Senegal: religiöse Erwachsenenbildung in frankophonen Mittelschichtsmilieus","authors":"Nadine Sieveking","doi":"10.3790/SOC.70.2.159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/SOC.70.2.159","url":null,"abstract":"Seit 2015 werden in Dakar Koranlektürekurse von einer Organisation angeboten, die verspricht, mittels einfacher und effizienter Methoden die Fähigkeiten zum eigenständigen Lesen des Korans innerhalb von drei Monaten zu vermitteln. Diese kostenpflichtigen Kurse sind auf eine spezielle Zielgruppe in frankophonen urbanen Bildungsmilieus zugeschnitten, die als „Intellektuelle“ bezeichnet wird. Der Artikel untersucht den Erfolg der Kurse und die soziale Positionierung der Beteiligten, die sich aus arabophonen (Lehrende) und frankophonen (Lernende) Bildungsgruppen rekrutieren. Letzteren wurde nach der Unabhängigkeit ein exklusiver Status als nationale Bildungselite zugeschrieben, der durch anhaltende Islamisierungsprozesse ‚von unten‘ zunehmend in Frage gestellt wird. Die Analyse zeigt, dass die Kurse dazu beitragen, die symbolischen Grenzen zwischen francisants und arabisants abzubauen und den frankophonen Teilnehmenden helfen, einen sozialen Status aufrecht zu erhalten, der respektable Modernität verkörpert. Eine wichtige Rolle für den Erfolg der Kurse spielen außerdem das effektive Zeitmanagement, die pädagogischen Methoden sowie die bürokratischen, räumlichen und materiellen Organisationsstrukturen, die dem Habitus der in säkularen, modernen Bildungssystemen sozialisierten Zielgruppe entsprechen.\u0000 Qur’an Reading Courses for “Intellectuals” in Dakar, Senegal: Religious Adult Education in Francophone Middle Class Milieus\u0000 Since 2015, a certain type of Quran reading course has been offered in Dakar. With their simple but efficient methods, these courses promise attendees the ability to read the Quran within three months. They are subject to fees and target a specific social group, identified as “intellectuals” and located within francophone educated urban milieus. The article examines the success of these courses and the social positioning of its participants, who are drawn from Arabic-speaking (teachers) and francophone (students) educated groups. Since Senegal’s independence, the latter have been ascribed an exclusive status as the national educated elite – a status that is increasingly questioned in ongoing Islamization processes ‘from below’. The analysis shows that the courses contribute to a weakening of the symbolic boundaries between francisants and arabisants and help the participants to reinforce a social status that embodies notions of respectable modernity. The specific method and pedagogy of the courses also play an important role in their success, as do their effective time management, their bureaucratic structures, and their spatial and material conditions, since these all correspond to the habitus of the target group whose members have been socialized within modern secular education systems.","PeriodicalId":42778,"journal":{"name":"Sociologus","volume":"70 1","pages":"159-179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46760351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This article makes a twofold claim. First, the notion of ‘culture’ is inherently interwoven with the classification system that organises the daily work of police officers. In their understanding, culture is a one-size-fits-all category to produce boundaries in terms of gender, ethnicity, class, and the willingness of a population to submit to police authority. The second claim is that ‘culture’ has a particular functionality in the field of policing practices. For police officers, ‘culture’ solves complex problems. It breaks down the complexities of the social world that the officers face, as it operates both as a meaning-making and complexity-reducing mechanism that ultimately counters particular dilemmas. In this regard, ethnographic research of a vice squad conducted in a mid-sized German city in 2015 revealed the kind of dilemma that exemplifies the argument of this contribution: the dilemma of the absent victim and its counterpart, the irritated police officer. Keywords: Policing, culture, bureaucracy, human trafficking, state
{"title":"The Category of ‘Culture’ in Vice Squad Policing in Germany","authors":"Julia Leser","doi":"10.3790/soc.70.1.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/soc.70.1.57","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article makes a twofold claim. First, the notion of ‘culture’ is inherently interwoven with the classification system that organises the daily work of police officers. In their understanding, culture is a one-size-fits-all category to produce boundaries in terms of gender, ethnicity, class, and the willingness of a population to submit to police authority. The second claim is that ‘culture’ has a particular functionality in the field of policing practices. For police officers, ‘culture’ solves complex problems. It breaks down the complexities of the social world that the officers face, as it operates both as a meaning-making and complexity-reducing mechanism that ultimately counters particular dilemmas. In this regard, ethnographic research of a vice squad conducted in a mid-sized German city in 2015 revealed the kind of dilemma that exemplifies the argument of this contribution: the dilemma of the absent victim and its counterpart, the irritated police officer. Keywords: Policing, culture, bureaucracy, human trafficking, state","PeriodicalId":42778,"journal":{"name":"Sociologus","volume":"70 1","pages":"57-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70194707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In recent years, kindergartens in Austria have increasingly become the target of an ambivalent politics of belonging and difference. Looking at institutional childcare practices as processes of doing and undoing differences, this article explores how kindergarten staff translate societal missions of promoting both ‘integration’ and ‘diversity’ into practice by reflecting particularly on the role of bureaucratic practices within this dynamic. Ethnographic studies on the organisational dimensions of institutional childcare have mostly focused on their normalising effects. Based on ethnographic material from two Viennese kindergartens, I show that universalist claims to childcare as a vehicle for belonging are important. Yet, care and administration in kindergarten hardly proceed in clear-cut ways. Pedagogical/bureaucratic practices unfold at the nexus of ‘formal’ and ‘informal’, as well as ‘private’ and ‘public’ spheres, mediated by an ambivalent normative universe and within limited institutional resources. Using a case of staff negotiating kinship practices in one family, the article traces their interplay and shows how bureaucratic practices become entangled with gendered constructions of cultural difference. Keywords: Bureaucracy, childcare, kinship, doing difference, gender
{"title":"Caring for Equality? Administering Ambivalence in Kindergarten","authors":"Anna Ellmer","doi":"10.3790/soc.70.1.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/soc.70.1.39","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In recent years, kindergartens in Austria have increasingly become the target of an ambivalent politics of belonging and difference. Looking at institutional childcare practices as processes of doing and undoing differences, this article explores how kindergarten staff translate societal missions of promoting both ‘integration’ and ‘diversity’ into practice by reflecting particularly on the role of bureaucratic practices within this dynamic. Ethnographic studies on the organisational dimensions of institutional childcare have mostly focused on their normalising effects. Based on ethnographic material from two Viennese kindergartens, I show that universalist claims to childcare as a vehicle for belonging are important. Yet, care and administration in kindergarten hardly proceed in clear-cut ways. Pedagogical/bureaucratic practices unfold at the nexus of ‘formal’ and ‘informal’, as well as ‘private’ and ‘public’ spheres, mediated by an ambivalent normative universe and within limited institutional resources. Using a case of staff negotiating kinship practices in one family, the article traces their interplay and shows how bureaucratic practices become entangled with gendered constructions of cultural difference. Keywords: Bureaucracy, childcare, kinship, doing difference, gender","PeriodicalId":42778,"journal":{"name":"Sociologus","volume":"70 1","pages":"39-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70195108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bureaucrats as Para-Ethnologists: The Use of Culture in State Practices","authors":"J. Beek, T. Bierschenk","doi":"10.3790/soc.70.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/soc.70.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p />","PeriodicalId":42778,"journal":{"name":"Sociologus","volume":"54 1","pages":"2-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70194827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bureaucratic Practices and Cultural Difference","authors":"","doi":"10.3790/soc.70.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/soc.70.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42778,"journal":{"name":"Sociologus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47111232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Recently, northern Uganda has become a destination for inner-African immigration. As a result of new security policies, passport controls are intensifying at border posts and are being expanded across the country. During passport checks, officers often refer to national-cultural stereotypes in order to verify statements in identity documents. Stereotyping and profiling of ‘Somalian terrorists’ or ‘militant South Sudanese’ are used as pre-selection tools. At the same time, officers try to establish informal networks with immigrants as informants to make use of their cultural and linguistic expertise. The article is based on an ethnographic study of Ugandan police and immigration officers in 2014. Keywords: Uganda, South-South migration, profiling, citizenship, passport
{"title":"Cultural Profiling During Passport Control: Ugandan Migration Officers’ Informal Selection Practices","authors":"K. Sowa","doi":"10.3790/soc.70.1.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/soc.70.1.73","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Recently, northern Uganda has become a destination for inner-African immigration. As a result of new security policies, passport controls are intensifying at border posts and are being expanded across the country. During passport checks, officers often refer to national-cultural stereotypes in order to verify statements in identity documents. Stereotyping and profiling of ‘Somalian terrorists’ or ‘militant South Sudanese’ are used as pre-selection tools. At the same time, officers try to establish informal networks with immigrants as informants to make use of their cultural and linguistic expertise. The article is based on an ethnographic study of Ugandan police and immigration officers in 2014. Keywords: Uganda, South-South migration, profiling, citizenship, passport","PeriodicalId":42778,"journal":{"name":"Sociologus","volume":"70 1","pages":"73-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70194769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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