Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.17159/2224-7912/2022/v62n2a1
J. Beukes
The discourse on poverty in the central and later Middle Ages This article aims to analyse the discourse on poverty in the central and later Middle Ages. Poverty is therefore not surveyed merely as a historical-economic category but is analysed by considering idea-historical medieval views on “extreme scarcity”, or the way poverty was conceptualised in these last two stages of the Middle Ages. According to this analysis, this discourse on poverty manifests itself in five distinct phases. Against the backdrop of the early medieval understanding of poverty as “contingent” – the result of one or more “accidental” factors – a first discursive development took place in the second half of the 10th century. As a result of revolutionary developments in agriculture and commerce, the “new poor” slowly developed into a “class” of agricultural and manual labourers whose socio-historical position eventually had to be drastically revised from the late 11th century. A subsequent conceptual development, predominantly theological and juridical by nature and relying on a relatively unassuming yet crucial distinction between “owner” and “servant” ( dominus and servus ), replaced the articulated conceptual register of the poverty discourse of the early Middle Ages. From the 5th to the 10th centuries poverty was understood to be the result of accidens or accidental factors, but now it was reduced to a mere relation. Poverty now became a “problem” that had to be addressed as effectively as possible, employing this basic and reductionist distinction. Secondly, indicate group of individuals considerations, was the eventual result of the historical development of ideas about poverty in the central and later Middle Ages. What once was considered to be the result of involuntary and contingent factors, then reduced to a (simplistic) relation, and finally defined in economic terms as a “class”, was thus ultimately brought under discursive control as a “minority”.
{"title":"Die diskoers oor armoede in die sentrale en latere Middeleeue","authors":"J. Beukes","doi":"10.17159/2224-7912/2022/v62n2a1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/2224-7912/2022/v62n2a1","url":null,"abstract":"The discourse on poverty in the central and later Middle Ages This article aims to analyse the discourse on poverty in the central and later Middle Ages. Poverty is therefore not surveyed merely as a historical-economic category but is analysed by considering idea-historical medieval views on “extreme scarcity”, or the way poverty was conceptualised in these last two stages of the Middle Ages. According to this analysis, this discourse on poverty manifests itself in five distinct phases. Against the backdrop of the early medieval understanding of poverty as “contingent” – the result of one or more “accidental” factors – a first discursive development took place in the second half of the 10th century. As a result of revolutionary developments in agriculture and commerce, the “new poor” slowly developed into a “class” of agricultural and manual labourers whose socio-historical position eventually had to be drastically revised from the late 11th century. A subsequent conceptual development, predominantly theological and juridical by nature and relying on a relatively unassuming yet crucial distinction between “owner” and “servant” ( dominus and servus ), replaced the articulated conceptual register of the poverty discourse of the early Middle Ages. From the 5th to the 10th centuries poverty was understood to be the result of accidens or accidental factors, but now it was reduced to a mere relation. Poverty now became a “problem” that had to be addressed as effectively as possible, employing this basic and reductionist distinction. Secondly, indicate group of individuals considerations, was the eventual result of the historical development of ideas about poverty in the central and later Middle Ages. What once was considered to be the result of involuntary and contingent factors, then reduced to a (simplistic) relation, and finally defined in economic terms as a “class”, was thus ultimately brought under discursive control as a “minority”.","PeriodicalId":42800,"journal":{"name":"Tydskrif Vir Geesteswetenskappe","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46592332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.17159/2224-7912/2022/v62n2a3
V. De Villiers, D. Blaauw, A. Fourie
“It was bad, very, very bad.” The effect of COVID-19 on informal street vendors in the city centre of Cape Town The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is currently reverberating throughout the formal and informal sector of the South African economy – including informal street vendors. The informal sector and key activities such as informal street trading play an important role in the South African economy and the unique socio-economic context of South Africa. Despite optimistic theoretical beliefs that the informal sector will mitigate the adverse effects of external shocks (as with the COVID-19 pandemic) by absorbing the job losses that occur in the formal sector, previous studies suggest the opposite. The informal sector is often disproportionately affected by external economic and health shocks, especially in southern Africa (Bassier et al ., 2020; International Labour Organisation (ILO), 2020c; Rogan & Skinner, 2018; Skinner & Rogan, 2019). Against this background, the aim of the study was to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the lives and livelihoods of informal street traders. A qualitative research approach in the form of a descriptive case study was used to conduct an in-depth investigation of the effect of COVID-19 on the lives and livelihoods of street vendors in Cape Town’s city centre. A qualitative approach provides the opportunity to conduct a more comprehensive and in-depth analysis around the research question. The specific area than before COVID-19. More specifically, three of the businesses made an average monthly profit of between R6 000 and R10 000 before COVID-19 and two of the businesses made an average daily profit of between R250 and R300. In the last year since the pandemic, however, three of the businesses generated an average monthly profit of between R2 000 and R5 000 and several businesses generated an average daily profit of between R100 and R200. Street vendors use various strategies, such as good customer service, efforts to obtain the best possible location, the acquisition of fresh stock, and the use of social media and electronic payment instruments in an attempt to deal with the adverse consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, despite their best efforts, several respondents had no choice but to reduce their employees’ working hours and/or remuneration. The challenges that the COVID-19 pandemic presents to informal street vendors in Cape Town’s city centre are therefore an on-going daily reality. Continuous state support and follow-up studies with the same group of respondents to examine the impact over the medium and longer term are necessary. An important example of this is action research with respondents on the impact of the existing assistance measures on their lives and living conditions. These research results may help to develop action plans that will enable the city, province and country to deal with future exogenous shocks in a manner that would ensure some mitigation of the adverse ef
{"title":"“Dit was erg, baie, baie erg.” Die effek van COVID-19 op informele straathandelaars in die middestad van Kaapstad","authors":"V. De Villiers, D. Blaauw, A. Fourie","doi":"10.17159/2224-7912/2022/v62n2a3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/2224-7912/2022/v62n2a3","url":null,"abstract":"“It was bad, very, very bad.” The effect of COVID-19 on informal street vendors in the city centre of Cape Town The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is currently reverberating throughout the formal and informal sector of the South African economy – including informal street vendors. The informal sector and key activities such as informal street trading play an important role in the South African economy and the unique socio-economic context of South Africa. Despite optimistic theoretical beliefs that the informal sector will mitigate the adverse effects of external shocks (as with the COVID-19 pandemic) by absorbing the job losses that occur in the formal sector, previous studies suggest the opposite. The informal sector is often disproportionately affected by external economic and health shocks, especially in southern Africa (Bassier et al ., 2020; International Labour Organisation (ILO), 2020c; Rogan & Skinner, 2018; Skinner & Rogan, 2019). Against this background, the aim of the study was to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the lives and livelihoods of informal street traders. A qualitative research approach in the form of a descriptive case study was used to conduct an in-depth investigation of the effect of COVID-19 on the lives and livelihoods of street vendors in Cape Town’s city centre. A qualitative approach provides the opportunity to conduct a more comprehensive and in-depth analysis around the research question. The specific area than before COVID-19. More specifically, three of the businesses made an average monthly profit of between R6 000 and R10 000 before COVID-19 and two of the businesses made an average daily profit of between R250 and R300. In the last year since the pandemic, however, three of the businesses generated an average monthly profit of between R2 000 and R5 000 and several businesses generated an average daily profit of between R100 and R200. Street vendors use various strategies, such as good customer service, efforts to obtain the best possible location, the acquisition of fresh stock, and the use of social media and electronic payment instruments in an attempt to deal with the adverse consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, despite their best efforts, several respondents had no choice but to reduce their employees’ working hours and/or remuneration. The challenges that the COVID-19 pandemic presents to informal street vendors in Cape Town’s city centre are therefore an on-going daily reality. Continuous state support and follow-up studies with the same group of respondents to examine the impact over the medium and longer term are necessary. An important example of this is action research with respondents on the impact of the existing assistance measures on their lives and living conditions. These research results may help to develop action plans that will enable the city, province and country to deal with future exogenous shocks in a manner that would ensure some mitigation of the adverse ef","PeriodicalId":42800,"journal":{"name":"Tydskrif Vir Geesteswetenskappe","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43088408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.17159/2224-7912/2022/v62n2a13
B. Spies
{"title":"CD met Hendrik Hofmeyr se musiek word in Frankryk bekroon","authors":"B. Spies","doi":"10.17159/2224-7912/2022/v62n2a13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/2224-7912/2022/v62n2a13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42800,"journal":{"name":"Tydskrif Vir Geesteswetenskappe","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46103179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.17159/2224-7912/2022/v62n2a5
C. Pringle, M. le Roux, S. Geertsema, M. Graham
The acquisition of Afrikaans phonemes in children aged 24-72 months Purpose and aims of the study: The primary aim of this study was to determine and describe the ages of acquisition of the various Afrikaans phonemes according to the theoretical framework of 75% correct production by children aged 24–72 months. The phonemes studied included all Afrikaans vowels (monophthongs and diphthongs), single consonants, and consonant clusters. The subaim of the study was to determine if there were any differences between male and female participants for all age groups of the study regarding the ages of acquisition of phonemes. After the researcher had conducted an extensive and comprehensive literature review, it was discovered that only limited data are currently available about the acquisition of Afrikaans phonemes. Information that was available regarding the acquisition of Afrikaans phonemes, before the current study was conducted, was published over 40 years ago and did not cover phoneme Overall, all Afrikaans phonemes are acquired by the age of five years. In general, females seem to acquire Afrikaans consonants and consonant clusters earlier than males while no statistically significant differences were noted in the production of vowels.
{"title":"Die verwerwing van Afrikaanse foneme deur kinders van 24–72 maande","authors":"C. Pringle, M. le Roux, S. Geertsema, M. Graham","doi":"10.17159/2224-7912/2022/v62n2a5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/2224-7912/2022/v62n2a5","url":null,"abstract":"The acquisition of Afrikaans phonemes in children aged 24-72 months Purpose and aims of the study: The primary aim of this study was to determine and describe the ages of acquisition of the various Afrikaans phonemes according to the theoretical framework of 75% correct production by children aged 24–72 months. The phonemes studied included all Afrikaans vowels (monophthongs and diphthongs), single consonants, and consonant clusters. The subaim of the study was to determine if there were any differences between male and female participants for all age groups of the study regarding the ages of acquisition of phonemes. After the researcher had conducted an extensive and comprehensive literature review, it was discovered that only limited data are currently available about the acquisition of Afrikaans phonemes. Information that was available regarding the acquisition of Afrikaans phonemes, before the current study was conducted, was published over 40 years ago and did not cover phoneme Overall, all Afrikaans phonemes are acquired by the age of five years. In general, females seem to acquire Afrikaans consonants and consonant clusters earlier than males while no statistically significant differences were noted in the production of vowels.","PeriodicalId":42800,"journal":{"name":"Tydskrif Vir Geesteswetenskappe","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42696795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.17159/2224-7912/2022/v62n2a7
D. Rabie
The poor Afrikaner in the Knysna Whiteness Dalene (1987) Dalene Matthee’s four forest novels, translated into English as Circles in a Forest (1984) , Fiela’s Child (1985) , The Mulberry Forest (1987) and Dreamforest (2003) , are characterised by what Wylie (2018:96) calls an “uneasy but deeply respectful symbiosis” between the forest community and the Knysna forest. This multifaceted connection between humans and the Knysna forest is also present in Matthee’s second last forest novel, The Mulberry Forest . In The Mulberry Forest , protagonist Silas Miggel lives with his daughter, Miriam, in the Knysna forest. The story is set between 1881 and 1882 and tells of Silas’ plight in caring for Italian immigrants who were brought to South Africa under the pretence of farming silk in a mulberry forest. Silas cares for the immigrants, who are forced by the British government to live in tents in the forest, in exchange for his right to live on crown land. As the novel unfolds, it becomes clear that the British government aims to utilise the immigrants as cheap labour for cutting and milling wood. The novel ends in the closure of the mill, the devastation of the forest and Silas’ incarceration for unlawfully squatting on crown land. Whilst the analysis in this article is situated within the postcolonial ecocritical framework, in which the human-nonhuman-relationship and the effects of colonisation thereon are analysed, the emphasis in Matthee’s forest novels on the human-nonhuman-relationship is also underlined by the focus on specifically a poor white Afrikaner community’s connection with the African landscape. As a result, the forest novels are characterised by the absence of the first nations residing in the Knysna forest and instead promote, to a certain degree, the poor white Afrikaner community’s claim to the African landscape. Miggel, and the Italian silk farmers’ relationship with the Knysna is depicted. Thereafter the article investigates the influence that British colonialism has on this human-nonhuman-relationship. To conclude, this article compares the themes depicted in The Mulberry Forest and the first wave of farm novels in Afrikaans. Through this comparison of themes, a conclusion can be formulated as to whether, or not, The Mulberry Forest could be considered as upholding Afrikaner nationalist narratives. Despite overlapping themes and the similarities between the depiction of the African landscape in The Mulberry Forest and the farm novels of the 1930s, this article also investigates the depiction of Silas as a tragic hero whose plight as a representative of the Afrikaner community is brought on by his own self-deception. This article finds that the focus on Silas’ self-deception, as well as the portrayal of the Italian immigrants as a community situated between the postcolonial Self and Other, problematises the homogenous and monolithic racial classifications found in Afrikaner nationalist narratives. Therefore, The Mulberry Forest could
{"title":"Die arm Afrikaner in die Knysnabos: Witwees in Dalene Matthee se Moerbeibos (1987)","authors":"D. Rabie","doi":"10.17159/2224-7912/2022/v62n2a7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/2224-7912/2022/v62n2a7","url":null,"abstract":"The poor Afrikaner in the Knysna Whiteness Dalene (1987) Dalene Matthee’s four forest novels, translated into English as Circles in a Forest (1984) , Fiela’s Child (1985) , The Mulberry Forest (1987) and Dreamforest (2003) , are characterised by what Wylie (2018:96) calls an “uneasy but deeply respectful symbiosis” between the forest community and the Knysna forest. This multifaceted connection between humans and the Knysna forest is also present in Matthee’s second last forest novel, The Mulberry Forest . In The Mulberry Forest , protagonist Silas Miggel lives with his daughter, Miriam, in the Knysna forest. The story is set between 1881 and 1882 and tells of Silas’ plight in caring for Italian immigrants who were brought to South Africa under the pretence of farming silk in a mulberry forest. Silas cares for the immigrants, who are forced by the British government to live in tents in the forest, in exchange for his right to live on crown land. As the novel unfolds, it becomes clear that the British government aims to utilise the immigrants as cheap labour for cutting and milling wood. The novel ends in the closure of the mill, the devastation of the forest and Silas’ incarceration for unlawfully squatting on crown land. Whilst the analysis in this article is situated within the postcolonial ecocritical framework, in which the human-nonhuman-relationship and the effects of colonisation thereon are analysed, the emphasis in Matthee’s forest novels on the human-nonhuman-relationship is also underlined by the focus on specifically a poor white Afrikaner community’s connection with the African landscape. As a result, the forest novels are characterised by the absence of the first nations residing in the Knysna forest and instead promote, to a certain degree, the poor white Afrikaner community’s claim to the African landscape. Miggel, and the Italian silk farmers’ relationship with the Knysna is depicted. Thereafter the article investigates the influence that British colonialism has on this human-nonhuman-relationship. To conclude, this article compares the themes depicted in The Mulberry Forest and the first wave of farm novels in Afrikaans. Through this comparison of themes, a conclusion can be formulated as to whether, or not, The Mulberry Forest could be considered as upholding Afrikaner nationalist narratives. Despite overlapping themes and the similarities between the depiction of the African landscape in The Mulberry Forest and the farm novels of the 1930s, this article also investigates the depiction of Silas as a tragic hero whose plight as a representative of the Afrikaner community is brought on by his own self-deception. This article finds that the focus on Silas’ self-deception, as well as the portrayal of the Italian immigrants as a community situated between the postcolonial Self and Other, problematises the homogenous and monolithic racial classifications found in Afrikaner nationalist narratives. Therefore, The Mulberry Forest could ","PeriodicalId":42800,"journal":{"name":"Tydskrif Vir Geesteswetenskappe","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41462110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.17159/2224-7912/2022/v62n2a6
Z. Botha, L. Dreyer
Digital technology as an alternative approach to teaching skills to learners with severe intellectual disabilities Learners with severe intellectual disabilities have been described in the past as impossible to teach and placed in programmes designed to provide only basic care and safety. However, research has shown that these learners can be trained and develop skills that are important for increased quality of life. Skills acquisition in five different areas of development involves long-term teaching and ongoing support to learners with severe intellectual disabilities. This article discusses how digital technology addresses the skills development of these learners in such a way that they also experience success and improve their self-image. According to the findings of this study, it is confirmed that digital technology can improve learners’ involvement and retention of certain skills and activities. The findings also showed that the literature, knowledge of learners with severe intellectual disabilities and digital technology are essential for successful skills development. Examples of specific skills that can be learned with the use of digital technology include household, leisure and work skills as well as skills for the outside world and partial independence. Digital technology has become an integral part of everyday life and is increasingly being used to enhance access to and quality of education. In South Africa, the Education White Paper 7 provided an impetus for the Smart School Project in which the WCED has equipped special schools with various digital technologies. While there is ample literature on the use of technology in mainstream schools, there is limited literature on the value of technology in special schools. The central theme of this article is therefore, the use of digital technology for the skills development of learners with severe intellectual disabilities. This study was conducted within the framework of the explanatory-sequential-mixed-method research design with socio-constructivism as the philosophical framework. Data were collected and analysed according to the explanatory-sequential-mixed method. Quantitative data (digital online questionnaire) and qualitative data (group interviews and semi-structured interviews) were collected separately. This data was set against the background of an extensive literature study. The school was purposefully selected as one of the pilot schools in the School Classroom Project of a specific education department. The participants were purposefully selected to represent teachers and therapists at special schools for learners with severe intellectual disabilities. Aligned with the research design, data analysis was done statistically as well as thematically. Findings were then integrated and discussed thematically. Triangulation was used to verify the reliability and validity of the research findings. Three themes emerged from the findings, indicating the positive value of digital tech
{"title":"Digitale tegnologie as alternatiewe benadering tot onderrig van vaardighede vir leerders met erge intellektuele gestremdheid","authors":"Z. Botha, L. Dreyer","doi":"10.17159/2224-7912/2022/v62n2a6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/2224-7912/2022/v62n2a6","url":null,"abstract":"Digital technology as an alternative approach to teaching skills to learners with severe intellectual disabilities Learners with severe intellectual disabilities have been described in the past as impossible to teach and placed in programmes designed to provide only basic care and safety. However, research has shown that these learners can be trained and develop skills that are important for increased quality of life. Skills acquisition in five different areas of development involves long-term teaching and ongoing support to learners with severe intellectual disabilities. This article discusses how digital technology addresses the skills development of these learners in such a way that they also experience success and improve their self-image. According to the findings of this study, it is confirmed that digital technology can improve learners’ involvement and retention of certain skills and activities. The findings also showed that the literature, knowledge of learners with severe intellectual disabilities and digital technology are essential for successful skills development. Examples of specific skills that can be learned with the use of digital technology include household, leisure and work skills as well as skills for the outside world and partial independence. Digital technology has become an integral part of everyday life and is increasingly being used to enhance access to and quality of education. In South Africa, the Education White Paper 7 provided an impetus for the Smart School Project in which the WCED has equipped special schools with various digital technologies. While there is ample literature on the use of technology in mainstream schools, there is limited literature on the value of technology in special schools. The central theme of this article is therefore, the use of digital technology for the skills development of learners with severe intellectual disabilities. This study was conducted within the framework of the explanatory-sequential-mixed-method research design with socio-constructivism as the philosophical framework. Data were collected and analysed according to the explanatory-sequential-mixed method. Quantitative data (digital online questionnaire) and qualitative data (group interviews and semi-structured interviews) were collected separately. This data was set against the background of an extensive literature study. The school was purposefully selected as one of the pilot schools in the School Classroom Project of a specific education department. The participants were purposefully selected to represent teachers and therapists at special schools for learners with severe intellectual disabilities. Aligned with the research design, data analysis was done statistically as well as thematically. Findings were then integrated and discussed thematically. Triangulation was used to verify the reliability and validity of the research findings. Three themes emerged from the findings, indicating the positive value of digital tech","PeriodicalId":42800,"journal":{"name":"Tydskrif Vir Geesteswetenskappe","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42734589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.17159/2224-7912/2022/v62n1a13
J. Giliomee
OPSOMMING Die Sasol Kunsmuseum het in 1991 tot stand gekom om die kunsversameling van die Universiteit van Stellenbosch (US) te huisves en akademies te bevorder. Die werke reeds in besit van die US is aangevul met groot skenkings soos dié van Solomon Caesar Malan, J du P Scholtz en Maggie Laubser. Groot oorsigversamelings van oeuvres soos deur Christo Coetzee (150-stuks), Nel Erasmus (112), Johannes Meintjes (91), en Larry Scully (10) is bekom. Skenkings en erflatings is selfs ook van buitelandse versamelaars ontvang, soos van die Duitser. Peter Freund (uiteindelik ongeveer 100 drukgrafiese werke van belangrike Europese en ander kunstenaars van die vroeë twintigste eeu), en van 'n Nederlandse besoeker die nodige fondse vir die aankoop van 'n kopbeeld in brons deur Rodin. Met die aanstelling van 'n nuwe Direkteur in 2013 het drastiese veranderings mettertyd begin plaasvind. Die name en beroepswerksaamhede van die instansies (Sasol Kunsmuseum en US Kunsgalery) as die belangrikste onderafdelings van die US Museum het letterlik verdwyn. Só ook die oorgrote meerderheid van bogenoemde kunswerke wat blykbaar meestal weggepak bly. Die fokus het verskuif van kunswaardering, -bevordering en -navorsing na 'n polities gemotiveerde transformasie, soos ook blyk uit die US Museum se aanstelling van 'n kurator vir sogenaamde Navorsing, Dialoog en Sosiale Geregtigheid. Hierdie instelling behoort sy akademiese roeping ten opsigte van die uitstalling, uitbreiding, bewaring en ontsluiting van sy belangrike en eersterangse estetiese bronnemateriaal vir die hedendaagse kunsgeskiedskrywing in Suid-Afrika sonder twyfel te bly navolg. ABSTRACT The Sasol Art Museum of the University of Stellenbosch (US) was established in 1991 to house the art collection of the US. At the time the US was already in possession of art pieces from various sources through the years. This included art works donated by students, the Solomon Caesar Malan and Maggie Laubser collections, and the comprehensive collection of Prof. Jdu P Scholtz of South African, European and exotic works of art. During the time of Prof. Muller Ballot as the first Director of the Museum, the collection grew rapidly with outstanding works of art. A number of large collections were donated by prominent artists, e.g. Christo Coetzee (150 items), Nel Erasmus (112), Johannes Meintjes (91) and Larry Scully (10), while bequests of valuable paintings were received from a number of supporters of the museum. Funds were bequeathed by an overseas visitor to buy a sculpture in bronze by the French artist Auguste Rodin. A number of prominent collectors also made donations from their collections, including Peter Freund from Germany who donated about 100 graphic works of important European artists of the early 20th century. With the appointment of a new Director in 2013, drastic changes started to take place. The name of the Sasol Art Museum as the prominent part of the US Museum disappeared and most of the acquired art works were m
1991年，萨索尔·昆斯穆塞姆在美国斯特伦博斯大学担任校长。美国的工作岗位已经充满了大量的扫描，如Solomon Caesar Malan、J du P Scholtz和Maggie Laubser。对克里斯托·科切（Christo Coetzee）（150件）、奈尔·伊拉斯谟（Nel Erasmus）（112件）、约翰内斯·迈恩捷斯（Johannes Meintjes）（91件）和拉里·斯库利（Larry Scully）（10件）等海外藏品进行了全面的综述。阴影和遗产也来自外国收藏家，如德国人。彼得·弗洛伊德（最终不到100件20世纪初欧洲和其他重要艺术家的版画作品），以及一位荷兰探险家，为购买罗丹来源的图像提供了必要的资金。2013年新主任的设立开始了时间上的剧烈变化。作为美国博物馆最重要的细节，这些机构（Sasol Kunsmuseum和美国美术馆）的名称和工作坊已经从字面上消失了。同样，绝大多数考古作品也经常被移走。重点从艺术、宣传和研究转向了政策驱动的转型，以及美国博物馆为所谓的导航、对话和社会正义设立的策展人。这一背景应该包括他对南非传统艺术写作的重要和早期美学素材的安装、扩展、存储和排斥的学术呼吁。摘要美国斯泰伦博斯大学萨索尔美术馆成立于1991年，收藏美国的艺术藏品。多年来，美国已经拥有各种来源的艺术品。其中包括学生捐赠的艺术作品、Solomon Caesar Malan和Maggie Laubser收藏，以及Jdu P Scholtz教授的南非、欧洲和异国艺术作品的综合收藏。在Muller Ballot教授担任博物馆首任馆长期间，收藏迅速增长，涌现出杰出的艺术作品。著名艺术家捐赠了大量藏品，如Christo Coetzee（150件）、Nel Erasmus（112件）、Johannes Meintjes（91件）和Larry Scully（10件），博物馆的一些支持者也捐赠了一些珍贵的画作。一位海外游客遗赠资金，用于购买法国艺术家奥古斯特·罗丹的青铜雕塑。许多著名的收藏家也从他们的藏品中捐款，包括来自德国的彼得·弗洛伊德，他捐赠了大约100件20世纪初欧洲重要艺术家的平面作品。随着2013年任命了一位新的主任，开始发生剧烈的变化。作为美国博物馆重要组成部分的萨索尔美术馆的名字消失了，大部分获得的艺术作品都被转移到了储藏室。重点从展出艺术品、艺术欣赏和艺术历史研究转移到政治转型和社会正义，正如最近任命的博物馆馆长：研究、对话和社会正义所表明的那样。该机构不应放弃其学术使命，应继续努力推动视觉艺术作品的展览、扩展、保护和研究，将其作为当今艺术史研究的重要和一流的美学材料来源。
{"title":"Die ontstaan, opbou en aftakeling van die Sasol Kunsmuseum van die Universiteit Stellenbosch The inception, rise and fall of the Sasol Art Museum of the University of Stellenbosch","authors":"J. Giliomee","doi":"10.17159/2224-7912/2022/v62n1a13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/2224-7912/2022/v62n1a13","url":null,"abstract":"OPSOMMING Die Sasol Kunsmuseum het in 1991 tot stand gekom om die kunsversameling van die Universiteit van Stellenbosch (US) te huisves en akademies te bevorder. Die werke reeds in besit van die US is aangevul met groot skenkings soos dié van Solomon Caesar Malan, J du P Scholtz en Maggie Laubser. Groot oorsigversamelings van oeuvres soos deur Christo Coetzee (150-stuks), Nel Erasmus (112), Johannes Meintjes (91), en Larry Scully (10) is bekom. Skenkings en erflatings is selfs ook van buitelandse versamelaars ontvang, soos van die Duitser. Peter Freund (uiteindelik ongeveer 100 drukgrafiese werke van belangrike Europese en ander kunstenaars van die vroeë twintigste eeu), en van 'n Nederlandse besoeker die nodige fondse vir die aankoop van 'n kopbeeld in brons deur Rodin. Met die aanstelling van 'n nuwe Direkteur in 2013 het drastiese veranderings mettertyd begin plaasvind. Die name en beroepswerksaamhede van die instansies (Sasol Kunsmuseum en US Kunsgalery) as die belangrikste onderafdelings van die US Museum het letterlik verdwyn. Só ook die oorgrote meerderheid van bogenoemde kunswerke wat blykbaar meestal weggepak bly. Die fokus het verskuif van kunswaardering, -bevordering en -navorsing na 'n polities gemotiveerde transformasie, soos ook blyk uit die US Museum se aanstelling van 'n kurator vir sogenaamde Navorsing, Dialoog en Sosiale Geregtigheid. Hierdie instelling behoort sy akademiese roeping ten opsigte van die uitstalling, uitbreiding, bewaring en ontsluiting van sy belangrike en eersterangse estetiese bronnemateriaal vir die hedendaagse kunsgeskiedskrywing in Suid-Afrika sonder twyfel te bly navolg. ABSTRACT The Sasol Art Museum of the University of Stellenbosch (US) was established in 1991 to house the art collection of the US. At the time the US was already in possession of art pieces from various sources through the years. This included art works donated by students, the Solomon Caesar Malan and Maggie Laubser collections, and the comprehensive collection of Prof. Jdu P Scholtz of South African, European and exotic works of art. During the time of Prof. Muller Ballot as the first Director of the Museum, the collection grew rapidly with outstanding works of art. A number of large collections were donated by prominent artists, e.g. Christo Coetzee (150 items), Nel Erasmus (112), Johannes Meintjes (91) and Larry Scully (10), while bequests of valuable paintings were received from a number of supporters of the museum. Funds were bequeathed by an overseas visitor to buy a sculpture in bronze by the French artist Auguste Rodin. A number of prominent collectors also made donations from their collections, including Peter Freund from Germany who donated about 100 graphic works of important European artists of the early 20th century. With the appointment of a new Director in 2013, drastic changes started to take place. The name of the Sasol Art Museum as the prominent part of the US Museum disappeared and most of the acquired art works were m","PeriodicalId":42800,"journal":{"name":"Tydskrif Vir Geesteswetenskappe","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67479084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.17159/2224-7912/2022/v62n1a5
Gawie Botma
OPSOMMING Die Kaapse koloniale koerant De Zuid-Afrikaan, wat in 1830 die eerste maal verskyn het, word tradisioneel as die grondlegger van die Afrikaanse joernalistiek in Suid-Afrika gesien. Moet die koerant as reaksionêre voorloper van die Afrikaanse joernalistiek van Afrikaner-nasionalisme en apartheid gesien word, of het dit in die konteks van die 19de eeu 'n liberale stem verteenwoordig wat sedertdien onderbeklemtoon is? Hierdie artikel belig De Zuid-Afrikaan se redaksionele dekking van twee sleutelkwessies. Aan die een kant was daar sy (liberale) ondersteuning van persvryheid en meer selfbeskikking vir die koloniste, en aan die ander sy (konserwatiewe) houding teenoor slawerny. Die historiese nalatenskap van die koerant word herbesoek aan die hand van 'n literatuuroorsig en geselekteerde aanhalings uit die oorspronklike inhoud. Die slotsom is dat evaluering van De Zuid-Afrikaan in die 20ste-eeuse geskiedskrywing as eenduidig reaksionêr moontlik heroorweeg moet word. Van die nuanses en teenstrydighede van die spesifieke 19de-eeuse omgewing waarin die koerant ontstaan en ontwikkel het, het dalk verlore geraak. Trefwoorde: Afrikanernasionalisme, De Zuid-Afrikaan, geskiedskrywing, joernalis-tiek, Kaapkolonie, koerante, konserwatief, liberaal, selfregering, slawerny, Suid-Afrika, 19de eeu, 20ste eeu ABSTRACT The Cape colonial newspaper De Zuid-Afrikaan, which was published in 1830 for the first time, is traditionally regarded as the founder of Afrikaans journalism in South Africa. But how should its legacy be remembered? Historians of different generations seem to differ. Was the newspaper the reactionary forerunner of Afrikaner nationalism and apartheid, or must it be viewed as a liberal voice within the context of the 19th century which has perhaps been underemphasised in 20th century historiography? This article revisits the editorial coverage of De Zuid-Afrikaan on two key issues, the emancipation of slaves in 1834 and the introduction of a representative elective government system in 1854. The newspaper was conservative towards the former issue, but liberal towards the latter. The portrayal of the newspaper is revisited by engaging in a literature review and quoting selected passages from the newspaper. In conclusion it is argued that past evaluations of De Zuid-Afrikaan as one-sidedly reactionary should probably be revisited, because much of the contradictions and nuances of the specific 19th century surroundings in which it was founded might have been lost in most recent versions of its history. This probably happened because the rise of Afrikaner nationalism in the 20th century was projected backwards onto De Zuid-Afrikaan. The result is a simple dualistic view of South African newspaper history in which De Zuid-Afrikaan represents a reactionary pole and its main competitor, The South African Commercial Advertiser, a liberal one. These two poles are then seen as representative of respectively Afrikaans and English journalism as it develop
{"title":"De Zuid-Afrikaan en die teenstrydighede van 19de-eeuse Kaapse liberalisme De Zuid-Afrikaan and the contradictions of 19th century Cape liberalism","authors":"Gawie Botma","doi":"10.17159/2224-7912/2022/v62n1a5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/2224-7912/2022/v62n1a5","url":null,"abstract":"OPSOMMING Die Kaapse koloniale koerant De Zuid-Afrikaan, wat in 1830 die eerste maal verskyn het, word tradisioneel as die grondlegger van die Afrikaanse joernalistiek in Suid-Afrika gesien. Moet die koerant as reaksionêre voorloper van die Afrikaanse joernalistiek van Afrikaner-nasionalisme en apartheid gesien word, of het dit in die konteks van die 19de eeu 'n liberale stem verteenwoordig wat sedertdien onderbeklemtoon is? Hierdie artikel belig De Zuid-Afrikaan se redaksionele dekking van twee sleutelkwessies. Aan die een kant was daar sy (liberale) ondersteuning van persvryheid en meer selfbeskikking vir die koloniste, en aan die ander sy (konserwatiewe) houding teenoor slawerny. Die historiese nalatenskap van die koerant word herbesoek aan die hand van 'n literatuuroorsig en geselekteerde aanhalings uit die oorspronklike inhoud. Die slotsom is dat evaluering van De Zuid-Afrikaan in die 20ste-eeuse geskiedskrywing as eenduidig reaksionêr moontlik heroorweeg moet word. Van die nuanses en teenstrydighede van die spesifieke 19de-eeuse omgewing waarin die koerant ontstaan en ontwikkel het, het dalk verlore geraak. Trefwoorde: Afrikanernasionalisme, De Zuid-Afrikaan, geskiedskrywing, joernalis-tiek, Kaapkolonie, koerante, konserwatief, liberaal, selfregering, slawerny, Suid-Afrika, 19de eeu, 20ste eeu ABSTRACT The Cape colonial newspaper De Zuid-Afrikaan, which was published in 1830 for the first time, is traditionally regarded as the founder of Afrikaans journalism in South Africa. But how should its legacy be remembered? Historians of different generations seem to differ. Was the newspaper the reactionary forerunner of Afrikaner nationalism and apartheid, or must it be viewed as a liberal voice within the context of the 19th century which has perhaps been underemphasised in 20th century historiography? This article revisits the editorial coverage of De Zuid-Afrikaan on two key issues, the emancipation of slaves in 1834 and the introduction of a representative elective government system in 1854. The newspaper was conservative towards the former issue, but liberal towards the latter. The portrayal of the newspaper is revisited by engaging in a literature review and quoting selected passages from the newspaper. In conclusion it is argued that past evaluations of De Zuid-Afrikaan as one-sidedly reactionary should probably be revisited, because much of the contradictions and nuances of the specific 19th century surroundings in which it was founded might have been lost in most recent versions of its history. This probably happened because the rise of Afrikaner nationalism in the 20th century was projected backwards onto De Zuid-Afrikaan. The result is a simple dualistic view of South African newspaper history in which De Zuid-Afrikaan represents a reactionary pole and its main competitor, The South African Commercial Advertiser, a liberal one. These two poles are then seen as representative of respectively Afrikaans and English journalism as it develop","PeriodicalId":42800,"journal":{"name":"Tydskrif Vir Geesteswetenskappe","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67479395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.17159/2224-7912/2022/v62n1a9
J. Zaaiman
OPSOMMING Die artikel benut 'n gevallestudie met die oog daarop om te illustreer dat die gebruikmaking van die konseptuele verband tussen hegemonie en mag nuttig sal wees met betrekking tot normatiewe gevolgtrekkings rondom die werking van die demokrasie. Die bestudering van die verhouding tussen twee oorvleuelende konsepte, naamlik hegemonie en mag, is gebrekkig. Die artikel spreek hierdie leemte aan deur 'n bydrae te bied wat fokus op die verband tussen dié twee konsepte. Met verwysing na die Simdlangentsha tradisionele owerheid word aangedui dat hegemonie en mag georden kan word met betrekking tot sistemiese, reaktiewe en struk-turerende magsuitoefeninge. Hierdie teoretisering word in 'n toepassingsraamwerk saamgevat. In die slotgedeelte word normatief nagedink oor die gevallestudie en die plek daarvan in 'n demokratiese opset. Die artikel bevestig dat daar ruimte is vir tradisionele opsette in demokrasie met die voorbehoud dat dit nie voorkeur kan geniet nie. Trefwoorde: hegemonie, mag, demokrasie, tradisionele gesag, plaaslik, negatiewe hegemonie, positiewe hegemonie, waarheid, stryd, Simdlangentshagebied ABSTRACT Hegemony and power are overlapping concepts. Hegemony can be understood as a way of exercising power and as the consequences of exercising power. Limited studies attempted to use the relationship between the concepts to interpret local settings. This article contributes to this endeavour by applying the concepts with a view to explaining power relationships in the Simdlangentsha traditional authority area in northern Kwa-Zulu Natal. The establishment of democracy in South Africa was perceived by traditional leaders as an attempt to undermine their power, while civil society experienced it as a liberation from social, political and economic oppression. Traditional leaders remained responsible for local community issues such as land allocation and usage and conflict resolution. However, the authority was exposed to global, national and provincial influences that affected their position of power. The traditional leaders would prefer traditional ideas to dominate local discourses and be accepted as authoritative, while other discourses nonetheless influenced and impacted the local ones. To explain this theoretically in terms of the relationship between hegemony and power, the article distinguishes among systemic, reactive and structuring exercises of power. In the case of hegemony as the systemic exercising of power, the traditional leaders attempted to present their authority as the true cultural products and authority, especially with reference to culture. The article examines this in terms of extant literature that indicates that they attempted to make their cultural authority a hegemony. Around the topic of the hegemony of a reactive exercise of power, the article moves to normative discourse in a greater degree. The systemic exercise of power is not normatively desirable. The article here employs theories that explain that a more
OPSOMMING Die artikel benut’n gevallestudie在与民主斗争的斗争中遇到了一位杰出的艺术家。最棒的是，在9月的一场比赛中，他是一位霸主。艺术家们在9月的第二场比赛中表现出色。Simdlangentsha传统上认为，在乔治王的统治下，这个词会在整个系统中出现，破坏我们的防御能力。他用一个词来表达自己的观点。在slotgeelte单词中，管理者在民主选举中的表现很正常。在灾难发生之日，民主党的传统观点与民主党人会面。Trefwoorde：霸权、mag、demokrasie、tradisionele gesag、plaaslik、否定霸权、积极霸权、waarheid、stryd、Simdlangentshagebied摘要霸权和权力是重叠的概念。霸权主义可以理解为行使权力的一种方式和行使权力的后果。有限的研究试图利用这些概念之间的关系来解释当地的环境。本文通过应用这些概念来解释夸祖鲁-纳塔尔州北部Simdlangentsha传统权力区的权力关系，为这项工作做出了贡献。传统领导人认为在南非建立民主是企图破坏他们的权力，而民间社会则认为这是从社会、政治和经济压迫中解放出来的。传统领导人仍然负责当地社区的问题，如土地分配和使用以及冲突解决。然而，当局受到全球、国家和省级的影响，影响了他们的权力地位。传统的领导者更倾向于传统思想主导地方话语并被接受为权威，而其他话语则对地方话语产生了影响和影响。为了从霸权与权力关系的角度对此进行理论解释，文章区分了系统性、反应性和结构性的权力行使。在霸权作为系统性权力行使的情况下，传统领导人试图将他们的权威呈现为真正的文化产品和权威，尤其是在文化方面。本文从现存文献的角度来考察这一点，这些文献表明他们试图使自己的文化权威成为霸权。围绕着反应性权力行使的霸权这一话题，文章在更大程度上转向了规范性话语。系统地行使权力在规范上是不可取的。这篇文章运用了一些理论来解释，一个更合适的霸权将是公民参与其创造的霸权。他们会对不符合他们生活经验的霸权主义作出反应。这种认识促使传统权威机构发生转变，因为它们应该坚持这些外部影响。在霸权作为权力的结构性行使的情况下，规范的理想是霸权将产生于传统领导人和公民之间的积极项目。在这样一个项目中，双方必须共同参与，应该有一个对所有人都有利的结果。文章随后综合了这些见解，为霸权和权力之间的概念关系制定了一个应用框架。给出了一个规模，一方面是消极霸权，另一方面是积极霸权，而在这两者之间，则发生了争夺这些霸权产品的斗争。消极霸权是对真理的操纵，以确保依附和压制公民自治。积极霸权是建立一个支持实现共同目标和公民自治的真理体系。霸权主义的斗争要么是向消极的霸权发展，要么是向积极的霸权发展。霸权作为系统性的权力行使将被发现是消极的，它是与以霸权为中心的斗争有关的被动的权力行使；相比之下，霸权作为权力的结构性行使往往倾向于积极的一面。为了解释霸权的积极理想及其在辛德朗根沙传统权威的背景下可能意味着什么，本文参考了民主理论。结论是，积极的霸权源于建立在信任基础上的话语，这种信任源于平等、受保护和相互约束的协商。在这种情况下，与整体更重要的传统环境相比，每个公民本身就是一个目的。 这意味着，在积极霸权的情况下，对差异的接受能力与包容、平等、协商、信任、承认、争端解决、自我控制和自主性相结合。反对者相互尊重，以合法方式解决冲突，以实现双赢。这意味着应该听取南非传统当局的霸权理想。然而，在民主的南非，它可能不会被制度化为唯一或首选的话语——也不会在地方层面。本文为进一步研究这一课题提供了指导。这样的研究似乎是必要的。为了巩固南非的民主，对积极霸权进行深入反思和认真辩论是必要的，当然，在谈到南非在当地面临的挑战时也是如此。关键词：霸权、权力、民主、传统权威、地方、消极霸权、积极霸权、真理、斗争、辛德兰根沙地区
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