To date, we have made inferences on the behavior and mind of humans and animals from the perspective of humans, or for the sake of familiarity, vertebrates. The book, “Other Minds; The Octopus, The Sea, and The Deep Origins of Consciousness” by Peter Godfrey-Smith makes us realize how erroneous preconceived notions could be, and presents a novel perspective on the results of evolution. Through-out this book, readers will learn about the characteristics of the nervous system, behavior, and habits of cephalopods, which include oc-topuses. Through this book, readers will gain a new perspective on the embodiment, minds, nervous systems, consciousness, and soci-ality of humans and animals. Furthermore, the book will provide the imaginary experience of swimming in “Octopolis” inside the ocean with the author.
{"title":"The Facts That We Have Been Mistaken About Our Minds, Language, and Octopuses; “Other Minds: The Octopus, The Sea, and The Deep Origins of Consciousness”","authors":"Jung-Woo Son","doi":"10.5765/jkacap.210025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5765/jkacap.210025","url":null,"abstract":"To date, we have made inferences on the behavior and mind of humans and animals from the perspective of humans, or for the sake of familiarity, vertebrates. The book, “Other Minds; The Octopus, The Sea, and The Deep Origins of Consciousness” by Peter Godfrey-Smith makes us realize how erroneous preconceived notions could be, and presents a novel perspective on the results of evolution. Through-out this book, readers will learn about the characteristics of the nervous system, behavior, and habits of cephalopods, which include oc-topuses. Through this book, readers will gain a new perspective on the embodiment, minds, nervous systems, consciousness, and soci-ality of humans and animals. Furthermore, the book will provide the imaginary experience of swimming in “Octopolis” inside the ocean with the author.","PeriodicalId":42806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":"1 1","pages":"170 - 172"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89598792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Principle of Trauma Threarpy","authors":"Ju-Hyun Lee","doi":"10.5765/jkacap.200036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5765/jkacap.200036","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":"3 1","pages":"225 - 227"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74966732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Two Books on Working Memory","authors":"H. Yoo","doi":"10.5765/jkacap.190040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5765/jkacap.190040","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":"21 1","pages":"46 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86620863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Past 4 Years Research Work of the Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Special Interesting Group in Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry","authors":"Young Sik Lee","doi":"10.5765/jkacap.19031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5765/jkacap.19031","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76377772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Life Lessons: Two Experts on Death and Dying Teach Us about the Mysteries of Life and Living","authors":"U. Chung","doi":"10.5765/jkacap.190024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5765/jkacap.190024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":"413 1","pages":"185 - 188"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76624994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reading in the Brain","authors":"J. Jung","doi":"10.5765/JKACAP.180034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5765/JKACAP.180034","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":"111 1","pages":"83 - 85"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77866423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For over a decade, my colleagues and I have studied historical figures who are regarded as with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). For this project, biographies written by the historical figures themselves or by other authors from later generations are highly helpful. Steve Jobs and Benjamin Franklin are included in the list of more than 100 historical figures with ADHD that my research team has found. These two biographies were written by Walter Isaacson and my research team became interested in Walter Isaacson. Several days ago, I was in San Diego to attend an academic meeting [1], to which my travel plans and schedule were entirely devoted. On the way to the Los Angeles International Airport after the conference, I felt emptyheaded and had no more plans. Then, I thought “I need some free-floating curiosity.” After completing the departure procedures, I entered the duty free shop area, and found a bookstore signboard among the duty free shops of luxury brands, such as Hermes, Prada, and Rolex. I was curious to see what kind of expensive books they sold. Free-floating curiosity was then guaranteed by a thick biography of Leonardo da Vinci that I found, which struck me not only because its author was Walter Isaacson, but also because of the news that I read a while ago “Salvator Mundi, the long-lost painting of Jesus Christ by Leonardo da Vinci, which was commissioned by King Louis XII of France more than 500 years ago, was sold at Christie’s in New York last November for USD 450.3 million including the auction house premium, shattering the world record for any work of art sold at auction [2].” Leonardo’s characteristics that are considered consistent with ADHD include 1) interest in diverse fields, 2) not being good enough with benefactors, 3) moving around cities without being able to settle in one place, and 4) failure to complete paintings for a long time. As I read the biography of Leonardo da Vinci’s written by Walter Isaacson, I got a lot of valuable information about the artist that I did not know before, including a detailed account of these characteristics. Before beginning to discuss such characteristics, it is necessary to keep in mind that the adversities faced in childhood can be a strong risk factor for the development of ADHD as the child grows [3]. Caterina, Leonardo’s biological mother, lost her parents at an early age and was an underclass poor. In her mid-teens, she met Piero, a wealthy notary in his early twenties, and gave birth to Leonardo. However, Piero married Albiera, who belonged to a wealthy family, before Caterina had Leonardo. Piero’s father then had Caterina marry Accattabriga, a kiln worker and farmer from the same village, as soon as Leonardo was born. They all lived in the same neighborhood. These adversities would perhaps have impacted Leonardo’s development. This biography shows how Leonardo eventually developed his multidisciplinary interest from relentless curiosities and distinguishing talents
{"title":"Leonardo da Vinci","authors":"Geon Ho Bahn","doi":"10.5765/jkacap.180029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5765/jkacap.180029","url":null,"abstract":"For over a decade, my colleagues and I have studied historical figures who are regarded as with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). For this project, biographies written by the historical figures themselves or by other authors from later generations are highly helpful. Steve Jobs and Benjamin Franklin are included in the list of more than 100 historical figures with ADHD that my research team has found. These two biographies were written by Walter Isaacson and my research team became interested in Walter Isaacson. Several days ago, I was in San Diego to attend an academic meeting [1], to which my travel plans and schedule were entirely devoted. On the way to the Los Angeles International Airport after the conference, I felt emptyheaded and had no more plans. Then, I thought “I need some free-floating curiosity.” After completing the departure procedures, I entered the duty free shop area, and found a bookstore signboard among the duty free shops of luxury brands, such as Hermes, Prada, and Rolex. I was curious to see what kind of expensive books they sold. Free-floating curiosity was then guaranteed by a thick biography of Leonardo da Vinci that I found, which struck me not only because its author was Walter Isaacson, but also because of the news that I read a while ago “Salvator Mundi, the long-lost painting of Jesus Christ by Leonardo da Vinci, which was commissioned by King Louis XII of France more than 500 years ago, was sold at Christie’s in New York last November for USD 450.3 million including the auction house premium, shattering the world record for any work of art sold at auction [2].” Leonardo’s characteristics that are considered consistent with ADHD include 1) interest in diverse fields, 2) not being good enough with benefactors, 3) moving around cities without being able to settle in one place, and 4) failure to complete paintings for a long time. As I read the biography of Leonardo da Vinci’s written by Walter Isaacson, I got a lot of valuable information about the artist that I did not know before, including a detailed account of these characteristics. Before beginning to discuss such characteristics, it is necessary to keep in mind that the adversities faced in childhood can be a strong risk factor for the development of ADHD as the child grows [3]. Caterina, Leonardo’s biological mother, lost her parents at an early age and was an underclass poor. In her mid-teens, she met Piero, a wealthy notary in his early twenties, and gave birth to Leonardo. However, Piero married Albiera, who belonged to a wealthy family, before Caterina had Leonardo. Piero’s father then had Caterina marry Accattabriga, a kiln worker and farmer from the same village, as soon as Leonardo was born. They all lived in the same neighborhood. These adversities would perhaps have impacted Leonardo’s development. This biography shows how Leonardo eventually developed his multidisciplinary interest from relentless curiosities and distinguishing talents","PeriodicalId":42806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":"44 1","pages":"45 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89803938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Communicating with non-experts is one of the most important activities in my occupation. While performing the same job for many years, my communication style has changed considerably, and lately I have felt the need to adapt more and more rapidly. It is difficult to consider this change entirely intentional. Rather, it is a response to changes in the questions and attitudes of the people who visit me. They already come equipped with more knowledge and want to use that knowledge to engage me in genuine discussion, or to verify, rather than ask, my opinion. This trend has been accompanied by an increase in the proportion of their knowledge that has no clear source or origin. Moreover, starting with “Anarchy” [1], there have been numerous cult-like phenomena that overtly demonstrate the everyday crises faced by experts where false information misleads a large portion of society. Examples include the anti-vaccine movement based on the belief that vaccines cause autism, attempts to invalidate medical diagnoses, such as the previously popular book claiming that “There is no attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder” [2], and countless trends for alternative medicine or treatments lacking evidence in pediatric psychiatric disease. These matters indicate how people define experts, how they decide whom to trust, and what information to process and put into action. Medicine is fundamentally a branch of science, and these phenomena demonstrate how society interprets data and logic through a subjective, distorted lens. “The Death of Expertise: The Campaign against Established Knowledge and Why it Matters”, by Nichols T [3], shows that these concerns are not only present in specific fields, such as public healthcare, medicine, and psychiatry. The author is an expert on the issue of Russia and began writing about the crisis of expertise due to an interest and disappointment in the way that, concerning policy issues, the media and policy non-experts conveyed false information to the public, and used this to influence politics and elections. At first, he wrote in a personal blog, followed by a column in “The Federalist” [4] Eventually this content was collated and published as a book. In this book, the author discusses the following as reasons why people no longer respect the opinions of experts and why debate is dominated by ‘fake experts’: the universal illogicality of humans, who are susceptible to confirmation bias, and believe fictions, superstitions, and conspiracies; the deterioration of education at US colleges, which have become like for-profit groups that only cater to the demands of students and overprotective parents; the resulting reality where “the emotions of the demand-group have become more important than facts or reason”; the lack of discrimination regarding the wealth of information available through the internet; problems with journalism that have given birth to fake experts; issues of mistrust in the media; and experiences of various past inc
与非专业人士交流是我职业中最重要的活动之一。在做同一份工作多年后，我的沟通方式发生了很大的变化，最近我感到有必要越来越快地适应。很难认为这种变化完全是有意为之。更确切地说，这是对拜访我的人的问题和态度变化的回应。他们已经具备了更多的知识，并希望利用这些知识与我进行真正的讨论，或者验证我的观点，而不是询问我的观点。伴随这一趋势的是，没有明确来源或来源的知识所占比例的增加。此外，从“无政府状态”开始，已经出现了许多类似邪教的现象，这些现象公开表明专家每天面临的危机，其中虚假信息误导了大部分社会。例如，基于疫苗会导致自闭症的信念的反疫苗运动，试图使医学诊断无效，例如先前流行的书声称“没有注意力缺陷/多动障碍”，以及无数缺乏证据的替代医学或治疗儿科精神疾病的趋势。这些问题表明人们如何定义专家，如何决定信任谁，以及处理哪些信息并付诸行动。医学基本上是科学的一个分支，这些现象表明社会是如何通过主观的、扭曲的镜头来解释数据和逻辑的。《专业知识的消亡:反对既有知识及其重要性的运动》一书的作者Nichols T b[3]表明，这些担忧不仅存在于公共卫生、医学和精神病学等特定领域。作者是俄罗斯问题专家，由于对媒体和非政策专家在政策问题上向公众传播虚假信息并以此影响政治和选举的方式感到兴趣和失望，他开始撰写关于专家危机的文章。起初，他写在个人博客上，随后在《联邦党人》(The Federalist)网站上写了一篇专栏文章。最终，这些内容被整理成一本书出版了。在这本书中，作者讨论了人们不再尊重专家的意见以及为什么辩论被“假专家”所主导的原因:人类普遍不符合逻辑，容易受到确认偏见的影响，相信虚构、迷信和阴谋;美国大学教育的恶化，已经变成了营利性组织，只迎合学生和过度保护的家长的需求;由此产生的现实是，“需求群体的情绪变得比事实或理性更重要”;对通过互联网提供的丰富信息缺乏歧视;新闻业的问题催生了假专家;媒体的不信任问题;以及过去各种事件中专家发表错误意见的经验。在最后一章中，作者对专家和公众应该如何建立关系提出了一些解决方案。作者将此归因于美国从现代社会向当代社会过渡时，媒体和大学教育所经历的社会变化。这是值得注意的，因为作者不是简单地讨论事实，而是关注社会所经历的价值体系和群体心理的变化。作者批评简单地列出来自互联网的信息，因为“它提供了廉价的平等感，正在腐蚀信任。这是一篇在知识共享署名非商业许可(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0)条款下发布的开放获取文章，该条款允许在任何媒介上不受限制的非商业使用，分发和复制，只要原始作品被适当引用。”《专业知识之死:反对既有知识的运动及其重要性》作者:汤姆·尼科尔斯纽约:牛津大学出版社;2017
{"title":"The Death of Expertise: The Campaign Against Established Knowledge and Why It Matters","authors":"H. Yoo","doi":"10.5765/JKACAP.180021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5765/JKACAP.180021","url":null,"abstract":"Communicating with non-experts is one of the most important activities in my occupation. While performing the same job for many years, my communication style has changed considerably, and lately I have felt the need to adapt more and more rapidly. It is difficult to consider this change entirely intentional. Rather, it is a response to changes in the questions and attitudes of the people who visit me. They already come equipped with more knowledge and want to use that knowledge to engage me in genuine discussion, or to verify, rather than ask, my opinion. This trend has been accompanied by an increase in the proportion of their knowledge that has no clear source or origin. Moreover, starting with “Anarchy” [1], there have been numerous cult-like phenomena that overtly demonstrate the everyday crises faced by experts where false information misleads a large portion of society. Examples include the anti-vaccine movement based on the belief that vaccines cause autism, attempts to invalidate medical diagnoses, such as the previously popular book claiming that “There is no attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder” [2], and countless trends for alternative medicine or treatments lacking evidence in pediatric psychiatric disease. These matters indicate how people define experts, how they decide whom to trust, and what information to process and put into action. Medicine is fundamentally a branch of science, and these phenomena demonstrate how society interprets data and logic through a subjective, distorted lens. “The Death of Expertise: The Campaign against Established Knowledge and Why it Matters”, by Nichols T [3], shows that these concerns are not only present in specific fields, such as public healthcare, medicine, and psychiatry. The author is an expert on the issue of Russia and began writing about the crisis of expertise due to an interest and disappointment in the way that, concerning policy issues, the media and policy non-experts conveyed false information to the public, and used this to influence politics and elections. At first, he wrote in a personal blog, followed by a column in “The Federalist” [4] Eventually this content was collated and published as a book. In this book, the author discusses the following as reasons why people no longer respect the opinions of experts and why debate is dominated by ‘fake experts’: the universal illogicality of humans, who are susceptible to confirmation bias, and believe fictions, superstitions, and conspiracies; the deterioration of education at US colleges, which have become like for-profit groups that only cater to the demands of students and overprotective parents; the resulting reality where “the emotions of the demand-group have become more important than facts or reason”; the lack of discrimination regarding the wealth of information available through the internet; problems with journalism that have given birth to fake experts; issues of mistrust in the media; and experiences of various past inc","PeriodicalId":42806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":"9 1","pages":"185 - 186"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76359701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives Humans experience the process of separating-individuating themselves from an object via the conflict between dependence and independence within the self. The separation-individuation theory focuses on the psychological process of individualizing oneself. Although adolescents’ individuation from their parents is based on intrapsychic events, there is an increasing need for an intersubjective understanding of it. We applied intersubjectivity to adolescents and parents to interpret and find solutions for problems arising during their individuation process. Methods This study retrospectively reviewed a case of a son and his father treated by the author. From the study subject, contents that represent adolescents and parents’ interaction and separation in the individualization process were extracted and analyzed, and their experiences shared in this process were reconstructed from the therapist’s perspective. Results From the case involving an adolescent boy with conduct problems and his interactions with his father, the authors observed the phenomenon of intersubjectivity and proposed the concept of “synchronized individuation” between adolescents and parents. As adolescents rapidly grow and change, they experience various dynamic interactions with their parents. Through learning to tolerate the conflicts and ambivalent tension inherent in this individuation process, adolescents and their parents develop their new identity. Conclusion “Synchronized individuation” should be understood as complementary to, rather than exclusive from, the existing concept of the separation and individuation. It offers a new paradigm with which to understand adolescent-parent conflicts in the process of separation- individuation.
{"title":"The Concept of Synchronization in the Process of Separation-Individuation Between a Parent and an Adolescent","authors":"D. Moon, G. Bahn","doi":"10.5765/jkacap.220003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5765/jkacap.220003","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives Humans experience the process of separating-individuating themselves from an object via the conflict between dependence and independence within the self. The separation-individuation theory focuses on the psychological process of individualizing oneself. Although adolescents’ individuation from their parents is based on intrapsychic events, there is an increasing need for an intersubjective understanding of it. We applied intersubjectivity to adolescents and parents to interpret and find solutions for problems arising during their individuation process. Methods This study retrospectively reviewed a case of a son and his father treated by the author. From the study subject, contents that represent adolescents and parents’ interaction and separation in the individualization process were extracted and analyzed, and their experiences shared in this process were reconstructed from the therapist’s perspective. Results From the case involving an adolescent boy with conduct problems and his interactions with his father, the authors observed the phenomenon of intersubjectivity and proposed the concept of “synchronized individuation” between adolescents and parents. As adolescents rapidly grow and change, they experience various dynamic interactions with their parents. Through learning to tolerate the conflicts and ambivalent tension inherent in this individuation process, adolescents and their parents develop their new identity. Conclusion “Synchronized individuation” should be understood as complementary to, rather than exclusive from, the existing concept of the separation and individuation. It offers a new paradigm with which to understand adolescent-parent conflicts in the process of separation- individuation.","PeriodicalId":42806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":"12 1","pages":"41 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74661753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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