The new type of coronaviruses (COVID-19) crisis has had a devastating impact across the world. Public administration discipline addresses emergency crisis management in various ways and dimensions. This article seeks answers to the question “How AI can contribute to crisis management policies to fight against COVID-19 and its impacts?” To this, the techniques and methods of AI in fighting against the COVID-19 virus will be explained in various dimensions. AI can make significant contributions in the preparation, mitigation-prevention, response, and recovery policies in the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. If adopted, AI can be used to find better treatment routes and drug development. Equally, policymakers can benefit from AI as decision support to reach high-quality decisions through fast and accurate data. The paper concludes that governments should create and implement effective AI-based crisis management strategies to fight against the epidemic locally, regionally, nationally, and internationally with a multi-level governance perspective.
{"title":"Roles of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on COVID-19 Pandemic Crisis Management Policies","authors":"Murat Onder, M. Uzun","doi":"10.4018/ijpada.294122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijpada.294122","url":null,"abstract":"The new type of coronaviruses (COVID-19) crisis has had a devastating impact across the world. Public administration discipline addresses emergency crisis management in various ways and dimensions. This article seeks answers to the question “How AI can contribute to crisis management policies to fight against COVID-19 and its impacts?” To this, the techniques and methods of AI in fighting against the COVID-19 virus will be explained in various dimensions. AI can make significant contributions in the preparation, mitigation-prevention, response, and recovery policies in the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. If adopted, AI can be used to find better treatment routes and drug development. Equally, policymakers can benefit from AI as decision support to reach high-quality decisions through fast and accurate data. The paper concludes that governments should create and implement effective AI-based crisis management strategies to fight against the epidemic locally, regionally, nationally, and internationally with a multi-level governance perspective.","PeriodicalId":42809,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Administration in the Digital Age","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46850122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4018/ijpada.20210101oa05
This article explores how municipalities plan and utilize Internet of Things (IoT) for smart city development, as well as how they collaborate with actors in the IoT-ecosystem. To do so, in-depth interviews and secondary information are collected from municipalities in Norway. Overall, the empirical findings confirm that IoT has the potential to make municipalities smarter by improving public services, efficiency of internal management and service delivery. The findings form this study is novel and can help executives to gain practical insight into the theory-heavy subject of smart city development in small and medium sized municipalities
{"title":"The Municipality’s Role in a Smart Internet of Things Ecosystem","authors":"","doi":"10.4018/ijpada.20210101oa05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijpada.20210101oa05","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores how municipalities plan and utilize Internet of Things (IoT) for smart city development, as well as how they collaborate with actors in the IoT-ecosystem. To do so, in-depth interviews and secondary information are collected from municipalities in Norway. Overall, the empirical findings confirm that IoT has the potential to make municipalities smarter by improving public services, efficiency of internal management and service delivery. The findings form this study is novel and can help executives to gain practical insight into the theory-heavy subject of smart city development in small and medium sized municipalities","PeriodicalId":42809,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Administration in the Digital Age","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47931799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Accurate estimate of public expenditures is needed for budgetary planning and government decision making. Recent advances in machine learning offers the opportunity for modeling such problems. The paper introduces a novel modeling approach using a machine learning tool to forecast public expenditures and compare and contrast the effectiveness of this approach to traditional modeling alternatives. This research uses historical quarterly data from 1960-2016 to model public expenditures. Various accuracy measures (MAD, MAPE, and RSME) show that the machine learning model is the best alternative formulation and offers 97% forecasting accuracy. This model allows government decision makers to assess alternative policies with specific budgetary impacts. Furthermore, the study also shows that population aging is an important predictor of public expenditures; suggesting that demographic monitoring is indispensable for efficient fiscal planning and management in South Africa.
{"title":"Machine Learning for Economic Modeling","authors":"","doi":"10.4018/ijpada.294120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijpada.294120","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate estimate of public expenditures is needed for budgetary planning and government decision making. Recent advances in machine learning offers the opportunity for modeling such problems. The paper introduces a novel modeling approach using a machine learning tool to forecast public expenditures and compare and contrast the effectiveness of this approach to traditional modeling alternatives. This research uses historical quarterly data from 1960-2016 to model public expenditures. Various accuracy measures (MAD, MAPE, and RSME) show that the machine learning model is the best alternative formulation and offers 97% forecasting accuracy. This model allows government decision makers to assess alternative policies with specific budgetary impacts. Furthermore, the study also shows that population aging is an important predictor of public expenditures; suggesting that demographic monitoring is indispensable for efficient fiscal planning and management in South Africa.","PeriodicalId":42809,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Administration in the Digital Age","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45150734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4018/ijpada.20210101.oa10
C. Alexopoulos, Y. Charalabidis, M. Loutsaris, Zoi Lachana
It is widely argued that Blockchain Technology (BCT) is one of the most promising trends nowadays. The most prominent characteristic of this technology is the improved sense of trust to the shared information provided by BCT applications as well as the ubiquitous access to the data ledger. At the same time governments pursue amplified trust from their citizens increasing transparency through shared information and open data. Since BCT supports this strategic goal of governments worldwide, numerous governments try to capitalize on the advances of this technology through testing the results of pilot applications in different vertical governmental sectors. Even though there are several implementations in the Government sector, there is no comprehensive study towards the analysis of the major characteristics of these developments. This paper moves towards the fulfillment of this gap by conducting a thorough analysis of e-Government pilot applications of BCT at a European level providing information to policymakers and practitioners about the grey areas of this technology.
{"title":"How Blockchain Technology Changes Government","authors":"C. Alexopoulos, Y. Charalabidis, M. Loutsaris, Zoi Lachana","doi":"10.4018/ijpada.20210101.oa10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijpada.20210101.oa10","url":null,"abstract":"It is widely argued that Blockchain Technology (BCT) is one of the most promising trends nowadays. The most prominent characteristic of this technology is the improved sense of trust to the shared information provided by BCT applications as well as the ubiquitous access to the data ledger. At the same time governments pursue amplified trust from their citizens increasing transparency through shared information and open data. Since BCT supports this strategic goal of governments worldwide, numerous governments try to capitalize on the advances of this technology through testing the results of pilot applications in different vertical governmental sectors. Even though there are several implementations in the Government sector, there is no comprehensive study towards the analysis of the major characteristics of these developments. This paper moves towards the fulfillment of this gap by conducting a thorough analysis of e-Government pilot applications of BCT at a European level providing information to policymakers and practitioners about the grey areas of this technology.","PeriodicalId":42809,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Administration in the Digital Age","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42275684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4018/ijpada.20210101.oa8
Wanzhu Shi, Pamela S. Medina
Social media is an important avenue for information dissemination and public communication in emergency management. Through social media content analysis and in-depth interviews, this study explores how county level emergency management agencies use their Facebook pages to communicate with the public, using Hurricane Matthew as a case study. The findings reveal some areas of congruence between literature and practitioner experience. The results suggest that public agencies integrate flexible social media strategies, which emphasize one-way communication when the public expects larger volumes of information and directions, and two-way communication when the public might have individualized needs. Furthermore, the findings show that visual content (e.g. pictures) are more likely to garner higher levels of public engagement on Facebook. Last, the study provides several practical suggestions for content creation and interaction on social media for emergency purposes.
{"title":"Implementing Social Media","authors":"Wanzhu Shi, Pamela S. Medina","doi":"10.4018/ijpada.20210101.oa8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijpada.20210101.oa8","url":null,"abstract":"Social media is an important avenue for information dissemination and public communication in emergency management. Through social media content analysis and in-depth interviews, this study explores how county level emergency management agencies use their Facebook pages to communicate with the public, using Hurricane Matthew as a case study. The findings reveal some areas of congruence between literature and practitioner experience. The results suggest that public agencies integrate flexible social media strategies, which emphasize one-way communication when the public expects larger volumes of information and directions, and two-way communication when the public might have individualized needs. Furthermore, the findings show that visual content (e.g. pictures) are more likely to garner higher levels of public engagement on Facebook. Last, the study provides several practical suggestions for content creation and interaction on social media for emergency purposes.","PeriodicalId":42809,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Administration in the Digital Age","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43690209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The second level digital divide is generated by a combination of two factors. Firstly, the adoption of advantageous internet uses is strongly related to internet users’ material and educational resources. The higher the level of these resources, the higher the probability that advantageous internet uses will be adopted. Secondly, internet users’ offline resources have an influence on their digital skills. On the other hand, and according to the third level digital divide, advantageous internet use in not beneficial per se. In order to obtain tangible benefits from it, an adequate level of digital skills is required. In this paper, the Spanish case is used to study second and third level digital divides in relation to e-government. Results show the importance of educational and online resources, as well as higher levels of digital skills, in enhancing the probability of being able to use the internet to interact with the public administration and with government agencies. These results raise important questions in terms of digital citizenship and the democratic divide
{"title":"E-Government and Digital Inequality","authors":"S. De Marco","doi":"10.4018/ijpada.290307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijpada.290307","url":null,"abstract":"The second level digital divide is generated by a combination of two factors. Firstly, the adoption of advantageous internet uses is strongly related to internet users’ material and educational resources. The higher the level of these resources, the higher the probability that advantageous internet uses will be adopted. Secondly, internet users’ offline resources have an influence on their digital skills. On the other hand, and according to the third level digital divide, advantageous internet use in not beneficial per se. In order to obtain tangible benefits from it, an adequate level of digital skills is required. In this paper, the Spanish case is used to study second and third level digital divides in relation to e-government. Results show the importance of educational and online resources, as well as higher levels of digital skills, in enhancing the probability of being able to use the internet to interact with the public administration and with government agencies. These results raise important questions in terms of digital citizenship and the democratic divide","PeriodicalId":42809,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Administration in the Digital Age","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49198594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4018/IJPADA.20210101.OA6
L. Luna-Reyes, Natalie Helbig, Xiaoyi Yerden
The field of performance management is premised on the centrality of measurement and performance information use in everyday decision making and practice. Information is managed through the use of information systems, but research shows that implementing these technological systems is not enough. This research responds to recent calls for a better understanding of performance information use and the role of dialogue among stakeholders in promoting learning and system change. Through case analysis and qualitative modeling, it proposes the concept of performance information artifacts, and the need for effective boundary spanners to promote effective learning and knowledge sharing in performance dialogue.
{"title":"Performance Information Artifacts","authors":"L. Luna-Reyes, Natalie Helbig, Xiaoyi Yerden","doi":"10.4018/IJPADA.20210101.OA6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJPADA.20210101.OA6","url":null,"abstract":"The field of performance management is premised on the centrality of measurement and performance information use in everyday decision making and practice. Information is managed through the use of information systems, but research shows that implementing these technological systems is not enough. This research responds to recent calls for a better understanding of performance information use and the role of dialogue among stakeholders in promoting learning and system change. Through case analysis and qualitative modeling, it proposes the concept of performance information artifacts, and the need for effective boundary spanners to promote effective learning and knowledge sharing in performance dialogue.","PeriodicalId":42809,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Administration in the Digital Age","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42278888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sandra Toze, J. Roy, Markus Sharaput, Lisette Wilson
A mixed methods case study of the Government of Canada provides a lens through which the skills development and training and development challenges confronting the public sector in an era of digitization and smart technologies can be examined. Findings related to four key inter-related themes emerged from the analysis of survey and interview data: i) current skills sufficiencies will be challenged by coming demands; ii) digital transformation is recognized as critical, but requires significant cultural and organizational change; iii) employees are uncertain about the use of smart technologies; and iv) there is a demand for expanded training opportunities to address these challenges. These findings reflect the broader context, in particular the increasing importance of hybrid skill sets that transcend traditional boundaries between technical and non-technical functions and skills, and the need for more open and integrative venues for discussion of and training regarding digital initiatives.
{"title":"Smart Technologies, Digital Competencies, and Workforce Development","authors":"Sandra Toze, J. Roy, Markus Sharaput, Lisette Wilson","doi":"10.4018/ijpada.294121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijpada.294121","url":null,"abstract":"A mixed methods case study of the Government of Canada provides a lens through which the skills development and training and development challenges confronting the public sector in an era of digitization and smart technologies can be examined. Findings related to four key inter-related themes emerged from the analysis of survey and interview data: i) current skills sufficiencies will be challenged by coming demands; ii) digital transformation is recognized as critical, but requires significant cultural and organizational change; iii) employees are uncertain about the use of smart technologies; and iv) there is a demand for expanded training opportunities to address these challenges. These findings reflect the broader context, in particular the increasing importance of hybrid skill sets that transcend traditional boundaries between technical and non-technical functions and skills, and the need for more open and integrative venues for discussion of and training regarding digital initiatives.","PeriodicalId":42809,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Administration in the Digital Age","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43176486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper investigates the use of cloud services in the public sector and management of information security challenges in the procurement of such services. The findings are based on an exploratory approach that included a systematic literature review and a survey among the public agencies and municipalities in Sweden. The literature review is used to derive a conceptual framework that structures our empirical results into the three groups: a) contractual and legal, b) operational and c) managerial competency. The survey explored all these three groups. Our findings show that the information security challenges are mostly related to the potential breaching of national security and laws applicable to cross-border cloud services. Most of the cloud contracts of public organizations are found to be supplier driven. In this case, lack of knowledge and awareness in managing procurement are mostly raised compared to technical risks.
{"title":"The public sector cloud service procurement in Sweden","authors":"M. Islam","doi":"10.4018/ijpada.302906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijpada.302906","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the use of cloud services in the public sector and management of information security challenges in the procurement of such services. The findings are based on an exploratory approach that included a systematic literature review and a survey among the public agencies and municipalities in Sweden. The literature review is used to derive a conceptual framework that structures our empirical results into the three groups: a) contractual and legal, b) operational and c) managerial competency. The survey explored all these three groups. Our findings show that the information security challenges are mostly related to the potential breaching of national security and laws applicable to cross-border cloud services. Most of the cloud contracts of public organizations are found to be supplier driven. In this case, lack of knowledge and awareness in managing procurement are mostly raised compared to technical risks.","PeriodicalId":42809,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Administration in the Digital Age","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45738214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4018/IJPADA.20210101.OA4
K. Ogunsola, M. A. Tiamiyu
This study examined how customers’ use of electronic government services in Nigeria were being predicted by supply- and demand-side variables such as; ICT deployment, customer readiness, perceived quality of e-government services, perceived satisfaction with e-government services, web readiness, and web presence quality. The results showed that for business organizations, only web presence quality of government websites, perceived satisfaction with the use of e-government services, and perceived quality of e-government services had predictive relationships with the use of e-government services. For the citizens, all the independent variables significantly predicted the use of e-government services, although ICT deployment predicted negatively citizens’ use of e-government services. The study recommends among others that government agencies should deploy e-government services and channels that will improve the satisfaction to customers rather than providing only sophisticated services.
{"title":"Predicting Customers Use of Electronic Government Services in Nigeria","authors":"K. Ogunsola, M. A. Tiamiyu","doi":"10.4018/IJPADA.20210101.OA4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJPADA.20210101.OA4","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined how customers’ use of electronic government services in Nigeria were being predicted by supply- and demand-side variables such as; ICT deployment, customer readiness, perceived quality of e-government services, perceived satisfaction with e-government services, web readiness, and web presence quality. The results showed that for business organizations, only web presence quality of government websites, perceived satisfaction with the use of e-government services, and perceived quality of e-government services had predictive relationships with the use of e-government services. For the citizens, all the independent variables significantly predicted the use of e-government services, although ICT deployment predicted negatively citizens’ use of e-government services. The study recommends among others that government agencies should deploy e-government services and channels that will improve the satisfaction to customers rather than providing only sophisticated services.","PeriodicalId":42809,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Administration in the Digital Age","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49004786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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