Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4018/ijpada.20210101.oa7
Pratap Chandra Mandal
Institutional and government markets constitute not-for-profit market with the main objective of general welfare of people. Such markets are characterized by low budgets and captive patrons. Companies serving institutional markets establish and maintain separate departments to meet the specific requirements. Governments are the major and bulk buyers of goods and services in all countries. Government organizations, appointed by governments, have specified procedures which suppliers should follow. Suppliers experience a number of issues while dealing with government organizations. Suppliers require following formal procedures. The procedures may be time-consuming and suppliers may face bureaucracy. Governments adopt digital measures and adopt online buying to streamline the processes, to shorten the time required, and to overcome a number of hurdles. Companies dealing with institutional and government markets should be aware about all these aspects to succeed in the long run and also contribute to the growth of institutional and government markets.
{"title":"Institutional and Government Markets","authors":"Pratap Chandra Mandal","doi":"10.4018/ijpada.20210101.oa7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijpada.20210101.oa7","url":null,"abstract":"Institutional and government markets constitute not-for-profit market with the main objective of general welfare of people. Such markets are characterized by low budgets and captive patrons. Companies serving institutional markets establish and maintain separate departments to meet the specific requirements. Governments are the major and bulk buyers of goods and services in all countries. Government organizations, appointed by governments, have specified procedures which suppliers should follow. Suppliers experience a number of issues while dealing with government organizations. Suppliers require following formal procedures. The procedures may be time-consuming and suppliers may face bureaucracy. Governments adopt digital measures and adopt online buying to streamline the processes, to shorten the time required, and to overcome a number of hurdles. Companies dealing with institutional and government markets should be aware about all these aspects to succeed in the long run and also contribute to the growth of institutional and government markets.","PeriodicalId":42809,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Administration in the Digital Age","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70460802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4018/IJPADA.20210101.OA3
O. Ikeanyibe, C. Ugwu, O. C. Ugwuibe, J. Obioji
This paper examines the effect of inter-agency delivery systems on the agility of public sector organizations and ease of doing business. The empirical focus is the Nigerian public sector, in relation to the implications of the recent Executive Order regarding how Ministries, Agencies and Departments (MDAs) should operate towards improving the ease of doing business .The study finds that poor inter-organizational linkages in terms of Information and Communication Technology, ICT, and poor interagency collaborative structures constitute serious challenges to the realization of organizational agility and ease of doing business. The paper suggests further investment in establishing a comprehensive government database accessible by various government agencies and enhancing social networking among public agencies through strong ICT and e-governance infrastructure development. By implication, the study reveals that the use of Executive Orders to address fundamental economic and administrative challenges appears perfunctory and superficial without strong ICT support.
{"title":"Inter-Agency Delivery System","authors":"O. Ikeanyibe, C. Ugwu, O. C. Ugwuibe, J. Obioji","doi":"10.4018/IJPADA.20210101.OA3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJPADA.20210101.OA3","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the effect of inter-agency delivery systems on the agility of public sector organizations and ease of doing business. The empirical focus is the Nigerian public sector, in relation to the implications of the recent Executive Order regarding how Ministries, Agencies and Departments (MDAs) should operate towards improving the ease of doing business .The study finds that poor inter-organizational linkages in terms of Information and Communication Technology, ICT, and poor interagency collaborative structures constitute serious challenges to the realization of organizational agility and ease of doing business. The paper suggests further investment in establishing a comprehensive government database accessible by various government agencies and enhancing social networking among public agencies through strong ICT and e-governance infrastructure development. By implication, the study reveals that the use of Executive Orders to address fundamental economic and administrative challenges appears perfunctory and superficial without strong ICT support.","PeriodicalId":42809,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Administration in the Digital Age","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47002992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4018/ijpada.20210101oa08
Pratap Chandra
Institutional and government markets constitute not-for-profit market with the main objective of general welfare of people. Such markets are characterized by low budgets and captive patrons. Companies serving institutional markets establish and maintain separate departments to meet the specific requirements. Governments are the major and bulk buyers of goods and services in all countries. Government organizations, appointed by governments, have specified procedures which suppliers should follow. Suppliers experience a number of issues while dealing with government organizations. Suppliers require following formal procedures. The procedures may be time-consuming and suppliers may face bureaucracy. Governments adopt digital measures and adopt online buying to streamline the processes, to shorten the time required, and to overcome a number of hurdles. Companies dealing with institutional and government markets should be aware about all these aspects to succeed in the long run and also contribute to the growth of institutional and government markets.
{"title":"Institutional and Government Markets–Strategies and Initiatives in the Digital Age","authors":"Pratap Chandra","doi":"10.4018/ijpada.20210101oa08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijpada.20210101oa08","url":null,"abstract":"Institutional and government markets constitute not-for-profit market with the main objective of general welfare of people. Such markets are characterized by low budgets and captive patrons. Companies serving institutional markets establish and maintain separate departments to meet the specific requirements. Governments are the major and bulk buyers of goods and services in all countries. Government organizations, appointed by governments, have specified procedures which suppliers should follow. Suppliers experience a number of issues while dealing with government organizations. Suppliers require following formal procedures. The procedures may be time-consuming and suppliers may face bureaucracy. Governments adopt digital measures and adopt online buying to streamline the processes, to shorten the time required, and to overcome a number of hurdles. Companies dealing with institutional and government markets should be aware about all these aspects to succeed in the long run and also contribute to the growth of institutional and government markets.","PeriodicalId":42809,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Administration in the Digital Age","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44609081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4018/ijpada.20210101oa04
This study examined how customers’ use of electronic government services in Nigeria were being predicted by supply- and demand-side variables such as; ICT deployment, customer readiness, perceived quality of e-government services, perceived satisfaction with e-government services, web readiness, and web presence quality. The results showed that for business organizations, only web presence quality of government websites, perceived satisfaction with the use of e-government services, and perceived quality of e-government services had predictive relationships with the use of e-government services. For the citizens, all the independent variables significantly predicted the use of e-government services, although ICT deployment predicted negatively citizens’ use of e-government services. The study recommends among others that government agencies should deploy e-government services and channels that will improve the satisfaction to customers rather than providing only sophisticated services.
{"title":"Predicting Customers’ Use of Electronic Government Services in Nigeria","authors":"","doi":"10.4018/ijpada.20210101oa04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijpada.20210101oa04","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined how customers’ use of electronic government services in Nigeria were being predicted by supply- and demand-side variables such as; ICT deployment, customer readiness, perceived quality of e-government services, perceived satisfaction with e-government services, web readiness, and web presence quality. The results showed that for business organizations, only web presence quality of government websites, perceived satisfaction with the use of e-government services, and perceived quality of e-government services had predictive relationships with the use of e-government services. For the citizens, all the independent variables significantly predicted the use of e-government services, although ICT deployment predicted negatively citizens’ use of e-government services. The study recommends among others that government agencies should deploy e-government services and channels that will improve the satisfaction to customers rather than providing only sophisticated services.","PeriodicalId":42809,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Administration in the Digital Age","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47475279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4018/IJPADA.20210101.OA2
Darusalam Darusalam, M. Janssen, K. Sohag, Normah Omar, Jamaliah Said
Corruption might occur in many places within the government. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) can be used to create a more open and transparent government enabling the Control of Corruption (CoC). The research presented in this paper aims to analyze the effect of ICT on CoC in open government. Using panel data of ASEAN countries over 33 years from 1984 to 2016, this study examined the data utilizing panel Auto-Regressive Distributed Lags (ARDL). The results of this study reinforce the existing literature on the positive effects of ICT on CoC. However, the assumed relationship is more complicated than often assumed. This study shows the presence of a quadratic (non-linear) inverted u-shaped relationship between the ICT development and CoC, which implies that there is no further opportunity for ICT alone to reduce corruption once a threshold is reached. ICT might even be used to facilitate corruption. Hence, ICT needs to be complemented by institutional and organizational measures and education to fight corruption.
{"title":"The Influence of ICT on the Control of Corruption","authors":"Darusalam Darusalam, M. Janssen, K. Sohag, Normah Omar, Jamaliah Said","doi":"10.4018/IJPADA.20210101.OA2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJPADA.20210101.OA2","url":null,"abstract":"Corruption might occur in many places within the government. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) can be used to create a more open and transparent government enabling the Control of Corruption (CoC). The research presented in this paper aims to analyze the effect of ICT on CoC in open government. Using panel data of ASEAN countries over 33 years from 1984 to 2016, this study examined the data utilizing panel Auto-Regressive Distributed Lags (ARDL). The results of this study reinforce the existing literature on the positive effects of ICT on CoC. However, the assumed relationship is more complicated than often assumed. This study shows the presence of a quadratic (non-linear) inverted u-shaped relationship between the ICT development and CoC, which implies that there is no further opportunity for ICT alone to reduce corruption once a threshold is reached. ICT might even be used to facilitate corruption. Hence, ICT needs to be complemented by institutional and organizational measures and education to fight corruption.","PeriodicalId":42809,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Administration in the Digital Age","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41768558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4018/ijpada.20210101.oa9
Friso Selten, A. Meijer
Public organisations increasingly rely on machine learning algorithms in performing many of their core activities. It is therefore important to consider how algorithms are transforming the public sector. This article aims to clarify this by assessing algorithms from a public value perspective. Based on a discussion of the literature, it is demonstrated that algorithms are generally expected to strengthen organisational performance on a first cluster of values related to the ability to be effective and efficient (sigma values). At the same time, the use of algorithms is linked to negatively affect a second cluster of values that involves fairness and transparency (theta values). In the current academic debate little attention is given to an important third cluster of values; the ability of organisations to be adaptive and robust (lambda values). This discussion highlights that algorithms invoke public value opportunities, but also public value risks and trade-offs. This article therefore presents five principles for managing algorithms from a public value perspective.
{"title":"Managing Algorithms for Public Value","authors":"Friso Selten, A. Meijer","doi":"10.4018/ijpada.20210101.oa9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijpada.20210101.oa9","url":null,"abstract":"Public organisations increasingly rely on machine learning algorithms in performing many of their core activities. It is therefore important to consider how algorithms are transforming the public sector. This article aims to clarify this by assessing algorithms from a public value perspective. Based on a discussion of the literature, it is demonstrated that algorithms are generally expected to strengthen organisational performance on a first cluster of values related to the ability to be effective and efficient (sigma values). At the same time, the use of algorithms is linked to negatively affect a second cluster of values that involves fairness and transparency (theta values). In the current academic debate little attention is given to an important third cluster of values; the ability of organisations to be adaptive and robust (lambda values). This discussion highlights that algorithms invoke public value opportunities, but also public value risks and trade-offs. This article therefore presents five principles for managing algorithms from a public value perspective.","PeriodicalId":42809,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Administration in the Digital Age","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70460854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4018/ijpada.20210101oa09
Wanzhu Shi
Social media is an important avenue for information dissemination and public communication in emergency management. Through social media content analysis and in-depth interviews, this study explores how county level emergency management agencies use their Facebook pages to communicate with the public, using Hurricane Matthew as a case study. The findings reveal some areas of congruence between literature and practitioner experience. The results suggest that public agencies integrate flexible social media strategies, which emphasize one-way communication when the public expects larger volumes of information and directions, and two-way communication when the public might have individualized needs. Furthermore, the findings show that visual content (e.g. pictures) are more likely to garner higher levels of public engagement on Facebook. Last, the study provides several practical suggestions for content creation and interaction on social media for emergency purposes.
{"title":"Implementing Social Media - Practical Reflections from County Governments During Hurricane Matthew","authors":"Wanzhu Shi","doi":"10.4018/ijpada.20210101oa09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijpada.20210101oa09","url":null,"abstract":"Social media is an important avenue for information dissemination and public communication in emergency management. Through social media content analysis and in-depth interviews, this study explores how county level emergency management agencies use their Facebook pages to communicate with the public, using Hurricane Matthew as a case study. The findings reveal some areas of congruence between literature and practitioner experience. The results suggest that public agencies integrate flexible social media strategies, which emphasize one-way communication when the public expects larger volumes of information and directions, and two-way communication when the public might have individualized needs. Furthermore, the findings show that visual content (e.g. pictures) are more likely to garner higher levels of public engagement on Facebook. Last, the study provides several practical suggestions for content creation and interaction on social media for emergency purposes.","PeriodicalId":42809,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Administration in the Digital Age","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42026234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.4018/ijpada.20201001.oa3
Tariq Zaman
As personal and collective community development becomes increasingly inseparable from interactions with information and communication technologies (ICTs), new constructs representing this relationship need to be explored. In Malaysian Borneo, many indigenous communities are connected to the internet and using ICTs for socio-economic development. This research presents a case study of ICTs use by an indigenous community and inquires if ICTs can address the challenges and open up new opportunities in contemporary life. By using a qualitative approach, the author interviewed 15 participants to understand the use of ICTs to achieve their personal and community's gratifications. This paper highlighted that the community members consider ICTs an important part of their contemporary life. Nevertheless, before making any decision on ICT-related projects, they perform a reflexive examination on the possible impacts of the technology and project. This research also discussed the unanticipated benefits and the negative outcomes of the new technologies on the routine life of the Long Lamai community.
{"title":"“Wait and See”","authors":"Tariq Zaman","doi":"10.4018/ijpada.20201001.oa3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijpada.20201001.oa3","url":null,"abstract":"As personal and collective community development becomes increasingly inseparable from interactions with information and communication technologies (ICTs), new constructs representing this relationship need to be explored. In Malaysian Borneo, many indigenous communities are connected to the internet and using ICTs for socio-economic development. This research presents a case study of ICTs use by an indigenous community and inquires if ICTs can address the challenges and open up new opportunities in contemporary life. By using a qualitative approach, the author interviewed 15 participants to understand the use of ICTs to achieve their personal and community's gratifications. This paper highlighted that the community members consider ICTs an important part of their contemporary life. Nevertheless, before making any decision on ICT-related projects, they perform a reflexive examination on the possible impacts of the technology and project. This research also discussed the unanticipated benefits and the negative outcomes of the new technologies on the routine life of the Long Lamai community.","PeriodicalId":42809,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Administration in the Digital Age","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46244370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.4018/ijpada.2020040102
F. Bastida, Lorenzo Estrada, María‐Dolores Guillamón
This paper contributes to the scarce literature on e-government transparency in Central America by analyzing the impact of political, financial and socio-economic factors on municipal financial e-transparency in Honduras. The sample covers 86 Honduran municipalities in 2016-17. The data show a weak impact of ideology and mayor's gender on e-transparency, with progressive governments and men achieving more e-transparency. Municipalities receiving more transfers are more transparent. Taking all financial variables together, the data are in line with the Theory of Fiscal Illusion and the Theory of Agency, since municipalities are not reporting greater levels of taxes, deficit, and debt to their taxpayers. Honduran municipalities are only concerned about meeting central government legal requirements about transfers received. The fact that municipalities do not increase e-transparency to be held accountable by their citizens is against the assumptions of the Theory of Legitimacy. Finally, larger municipalities and with greater income are more fiscally transparent.
{"title":"Determinants of Financial E-Transparency in Honduran Municipalities","authors":"F. Bastida, Lorenzo Estrada, María‐Dolores Guillamón","doi":"10.4018/ijpada.2020040102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijpada.2020040102","url":null,"abstract":"This paper contributes to the scarce literature on e-government transparency in Central America by analyzing the impact of political, financial and socio-economic factors on municipal financial e-transparency in Honduras. The sample covers 86 Honduran municipalities in 2016-17. The data show a weak impact of ideology and mayor's gender on e-transparency, with progressive governments and men achieving more e-transparency. Municipalities receiving more transfers are more transparent. Taking all financial variables together, the data are in line with the Theory of Fiscal Illusion and the Theory of Agency, since municipalities are not reporting greater levels of taxes, deficit, and debt to their taxpayers. Honduran municipalities are only concerned about meeting central government legal requirements about transfers received. The fact that municipalities do not increase e-transparency to be held accountable by their citizens is against the assumptions of the Theory of Legitimacy. Finally, larger municipalities and with greater income are more fiscally transparent.","PeriodicalId":42809,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Administration in the Digital Age","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4018/ijpada.2020040102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48097014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.4018/ijpada.2020010101
Z. Tomor
While the role of citizens in smart cities is hotly debated, there is a dearth of empirical research on the subject. This in-depth study of a European city, selected for its typical smart city ambitions, explores the roles that citizens actually play in smart city projects. The study examines twelve initiatives in the City of Utrecht (NL) using a framework that differentiates between types of citizen participation. The findings show that technology-enabled citizen participation in Utrecht is highly diverse and embraces all types of participation rather than simply taking the form of either “citizen empowerment” (as the advocates argue) or “citizen subjugation' (as the critics stress). The diversity found in the study highlights the need to conceptualize the role of the smart citizen at the micro (project) level rather than at the level of the city as a whole. The study shows that citizen participation in the smart city should not be understood as a technological utopia or dystopia but as an evolving, technologically mediated practice that is shaped by a variety of factors.
{"title":"Citizens in the Smart City","authors":"Z. Tomor","doi":"10.4018/ijpada.2020010101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijpada.2020010101","url":null,"abstract":"While the role of citizens in smart cities is hotly debated, there is a dearth of empirical research on the subject. This in-depth study of a European city, selected for its typical smart city ambitions, explores the roles that citizens actually play in smart city projects. The study examines twelve initiatives in the City of Utrecht (NL) using a framework that differentiates between types of citizen participation. The findings show that technology-enabled citizen participation in Utrecht is highly diverse and embraces all types of participation rather than simply taking the form of either “citizen empowerment” (as the advocates argue) or “citizen subjugation' (as the critics stress). The diversity found in the study highlights the need to conceptualize the role of the smart citizen at the micro (project) level rather than at the level of the city as a whole. The study shows that citizen participation in the smart city should not be understood as a technological utopia or dystopia but as an evolving, technologically mediated practice that is shaped by a variety of factors.","PeriodicalId":42809,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Administration in the Digital Age","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4018/ijpada.2020010101","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44983502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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