Pub Date : 2020-09-30DOI: 10.14334/WARTAZOA.V30I3.1935
B. Tiesnamurti, S. Sinulingga, R. M. Gatenby
This paper outlines the principles of community breeding programs, reviews similar programs that have been conducted in Indonesia, as well as proposing improvements. Community breeding programs (CBP) are a method for genetic improvement of livestock, with voluntary participation of farmers, using animals belonging to the farmers, by defining breeding objectives and selection criteria or traits, selecting the best males of the group, performance testing and distributing males to the farmers. Farmers have the ownership of the program and contribute to the sustainability of the program, marketability of the products according the needs of the farmers, as well as strengthening farmers institutions. There are breeding scehemes of one tier, two tier and three tier that can be implemented to achieve the goals of genetic improvement. Several CBP has been carried out scatteredly, however improvements have to be made such as by long term financial support, strong commitment from breeders, mentoring by academias, data management and analysis as well as economic assessment. Therefore, a more masive and sustainable CBP should be conducted to improve the genetic quality of sheep and goat in Indonesia.
{"title":"Small Ruminant Community Breeding Program in Indonesia","authors":"B. Tiesnamurti, S. Sinulingga, R. M. Gatenby","doi":"10.14334/WARTAZOA.V30I3.1935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14334/WARTAZOA.V30I3.1935","url":null,"abstract":"This paper outlines the principles of community breeding programs, reviews similar programs that have been conducted in Indonesia, as well as proposing improvements. Community breeding programs (CBP) are a method for genetic improvement of livestock, with voluntary participation of farmers, using animals belonging to the farmers, by defining breeding objectives and selection criteria or traits, selecting the best males of the group, performance testing and distributing males to the farmers. Farmers have the ownership of the program and contribute to the sustainability of the program, marketability of the products according the needs of the farmers, as well as strengthening farmers institutions. There are breeding scehemes of one tier, two tier and three tier that can be implemented to achieve the goals of genetic improvement. Several CBP has been carried out scatteredly, however improvements have to be made such as by long term financial support, strong commitment from breeders, mentoring by academias, data management and analysis as well as economic assessment. Therefore, a more masive and sustainable CBP should be conducted to improve the genetic quality of sheep and goat in Indonesia.","PeriodicalId":42818,"journal":{"name":"Wartazoa-Buletin Ilmu Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan Indonesia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44645910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-30DOI: 10.14334/WARTAZOA.V30I3.2504
E. Wiedosari, Y. Sani
Coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis are both affecting the digestive tract of chicken and both are major enteric disease that mainly affect poultry. Among the enteric diseases, necrotic enteritis is a major problem. Coccidiosis is caused by the protozoan of Eimeria sp, and is commonly found as a predisposition factor for necrotic enteritis caused by Clostridum perfringens. Both diseases are commonly shown similar pathological change namely necrosis of epthelial cells in the intestinal mucosa. The diseases have great economic impact in poultry productions, due to the increased mortality, decreased performance and medication costs. Control of these diseases are commonly treated with antibiotics and ionophores. However, an intensive use of these drugs in feed may cause the emergence of drug-resistance against some strains of Eimeria sp.and Cl. Perfringens and an increased chance of contamination in animal products for human consumption. The paper is discussing the occurrence of necrotic enteritis especially due to the coccidian as a major predisposition factor and the development of alternative control strategies for avian coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis, by modulating intestinal health.
{"title":"Coccidiosis as A Predisposition Factor for Necrotic Enteritis in Poultry and Their Prevention","authors":"E. Wiedosari, Y. Sani","doi":"10.14334/WARTAZOA.V30I3.2504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14334/WARTAZOA.V30I3.2504","url":null,"abstract":"Coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis are both affecting the digestive tract of chicken and both are major enteric disease that mainly affect poultry. Among the enteric diseases, necrotic enteritis is a major problem. Coccidiosis is caused by the protozoan of Eimeria sp, and is commonly found as a predisposition factor for necrotic enteritis caused by Clostridum perfringens. Both diseases are commonly shown similar pathological change namely necrosis of epthelial cells in the intestinal mucosa. The diseases have great economic impact in poultry productions, due to the increased mortality, decreased performance and medication costs. Control of these diseases are commonly treated with antibiotics and ionophores. However, an intensive use of these drugs in feed may cause the emergence of drug-resistance against some strains of Eimeria sp.and Cl. Perfringens and an increased chance of contamination in animal products for human consumption. The paper is discussing the occurrence of necrotic enteritis especially due to the coccidian as a major predisposition factor and the development of alternative control strategies for avian coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis, by modulating intestinal health.","PeriodicalId":42818,"journal":{"name":"Wartazoa-Buletin Ilmu Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan Indonesia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48928072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-30DOI: 10.14334/WARTAZOA.V30I3.2523
S. Sugiharto
Poultry industry are facing many challenges and osbtacles especially on the supply of feed ingredients, medicines, feed supplements and additives. The high price of protein source-feed ingredients has encouraged nutritionists to explore and utilize alternative protein source-feed ingredients for poultry. This review provides an overview of their nutritional and bioactive contents and the use of microalgae, Chlorella vulga ris and Spirulina platensis in poultry feed based on recent literature studies and their potential development and utilization in Indonesia. The microalgae Chlorella vulgaris dan Spirulina platensis have very high protein content that are potential as a protein source in poultry rations. In addition, Chlorella vulgaris and Spirulina platensis also contain several bioactive compounds that can be used as alternatives to antibiotics growth promoter and synthetic antioxidants for poultry. Indonesia has a great potential for the production of Chlorella vulgaris and Spirulina platensis , however massive cultivation and economies of scale have not yet been carried out. Such conditions make Chlorella vulgaris and Spirulina platensis less profitable as protein sources, but more likely as growth-promoting additives or antioxidants for poultry in Indonesia.
{"title":"Chlorella vulgaris and Spirulina platensis: Their Nutrient Contents and Bioactive Compounds for Improving Poultry Productivity","authors":"S. Sugiharto","doi":"10.14334/WARTAZOA.V30I3.2523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14334/WARTAZOA.V30I3.2523","url":null,"abstract":"Poultry industry are facing many challenges and osbtacles especially on the supply of feed ingredients, medicines, feed supplements and additives. The high price of protein source-feed ingredients has encouraged nutritionists to explore and utilize alternative protein source-feed ingredients for poultry. This review provides an overview of their nutritional and bioactive contents and the use of microalgae, Chlorella vulga ris and Spirulina platensis in poultry feed based on recent literature studies and their potential development and utilization in Indonesia. The microalgae Chlorella vulgaris dan Spirulina platensis have very high protein content that are potential as a protein source in poultry rations. In addition, Chlorella vulgaris and Spirulina platensis also contain several bioactive compounds that can be used as alternatives to antibiotics growth promoter and synthetic antioxidants for poultry. Indonesia has a great potential for the production of Chlorella vulgaris and Spirulina platensis , however massive cultivation and economies of scale have not yet been carried out. Such conditions make Chlorella vulgaris and Spirulina platensis less profitable as protein sources, but more likely as growth-promoting additives or antioxidants for poultry in Indonesia.","PeriodicalId":42818,"journal":{"name":"Wartazoa-Buletin Ilmu Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan Indonesia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47129624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-03DOI: 10.14334/wartazoa.v30i2.2503
J. Sirait, K. Simanihuruk
The availability of land for forage development is limited and becomes the obstacle for supporting livestock development. One of the solutions to anticipate this problem is to utilize the lands under plantation areas by introducing shade-tolerant forage among the main crop. The area of oil palm plantations in Indonesia reaches 14,677,560 ha and is very potential to be used in the integration system with livestock. This article describes a detailed information about the superiority of selected Stenotaphrum secundatum in terms of production, nutritional quality and digestibility. Stenotaphrum secundatum is a shade tolerant forage that had derived by positive mass selection method which had been tested for its adaptability at two different elevations. The average fresh yield of S. secundatum at 55 and 75% shading level reached 2,386 and 2,001 g/m 2 /harvest, respectively. The digestibility of selected Steno grass on growing Boerka goat ranged from 60.7% to 72.8%. Palatability of S. secundatum grass in goats is very good with consumption reaching 3.6% of body weight. Besides being tolerant of shade, S. secundatum grass is also resistant to pests, as long as it is maintained with good management. This grass also has advantages in terms of dry matter production, nutrient content and crude protein production compared to other grass species and can be planted in wider plantation areas with 55-75% shade.
{"title":"A Selected Stenotaphrum secundatum as Superior Shade Tolerant Forage Resource","authors":"J. Sirait, K. Simanihuruk","doi":"10.14334/wartazoa.v30i2.2503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14334/wartazoa.v30i2.2503","url":null,"abstract":"The availability of land for forage development is limited and becomes the obstacle for supporting livestock development. One of the solutions to anticipate this problem is to utilize the lands under plantation areas by introducing shade-tolerant forage among the main crop. The area of oil palm plantations in Indonesia reaches 14,677,560 ha and is very potential to be used in the integration system with livestock. This article describes a detailed information about the superiority of selected Stenotaphrum secundatum in terms of production, nutritional quality and digestibility. Stenotaphrum secundatum is a shade tolerant forage that had derived by positive mass selection method which had been tested for its adaptability at two different elevations. The average fresh yield of S. secundatum at 55 and 75% shading level reached 2,386 and 2,001 g/m 2 /harvest, respectively. The digestibility of selected Steno grass on growing Boerka goat ranged from 60.7% to 72.8%. Palatability of S. secundatum grass in goats is very good with consumption reaching 3.6% of body weight. Besides being tolerant of shade, S. secundatum grass is also resistant to pests, as long as it is maintained with good management. This grass also has advantages in terms of dry matter production, nutrient content and crude protein production compared to other grass species and can be planted in wider plantation areas with 55-75% shade.","PeriodicalId":42818,"journal":{"name":"Wartazoa-Buletin Ilmu Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan Indonesia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45314209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-03DOI: 10.14334/wartazoa.v30i2.2185
R. Ahmad, R. Tiffarent
Haemonchosis in sheep and goats has a high prevalence rate in several regions in Indonesia and causes economic losses. The purpose of this paper is to explain the clinical symptoms and pathological aspects of Haemonchus contortus infection so that knowledge is expected to help in controlling haemonchosis. Clinical symptoms of haemonchosis is characterised by decreased production, cachexia, and severe anaemia due to worms that sucking blood from the abomasal mucosa. In chronic infections the symptoms shows general oedema. Gross pathological findings are pale mucosa and carcass, hydrothorax, ascites, and haemorrhagic abomasum. Whereas histopathological features shows desquamation of villous abomasum, extensive hemorrhage of abomasal mucosa-submucosa, infiltration of large numbers of eosinophil and mononuclear cells, and cells undergoing degeneration and necrosis of internal organs. In general, the above exposure will show that haemonchosis usually associated with anaemia, cachexia, oedema, haemorrhage, infiltration of eosinophil and mononuclear cells in the abomasal mucosa.
{"title":"Pathological Aspects of Haemonchosis in Goats and Sheeps","authors":"R. Ahmad, R. Tiffarent","doi":"10.14334/wartazoa.v30i2.2185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14334/wartazoa.v30i2.2185","url":null,"abstract":"Haemonchosis in sheep and goats has a high prevalence rate in several regions in Indonesia and causes economic losses. The purpose of this paper is to explain the clinical symptoms and pathological aspects of Haemonchus contortus infection so that knowledge is expected to help in controlling haemonchosis. Clinical symptoms of haemonchosis is characterised by decreased production, cachexia, and severe anaemia due to worms that sucking blood from the abomasal mucosa. In chronic infections the symptoms shows general oedema. Gross pathological findings are pale mucosa and carcass, hydrothorax, ascites, and haemorrhagic abomasum. Whereas histopathological features shows desquamation of villous abomasum, extensive hemorrhage of abomasal mucosa-submucosa, infiltration of large numbers of eosinophil and mononuclear cells, and cells undergoing degeneration and necrosis of internal organs. In general, the above exposure will show that haemonchosis usually associated with anaemia, cachexia, oedema, haemorrhage, infiltration of eosinophil and mononuclear cells in the abomasal mucosa.","PeriodicalId":42818,"journal":{"name":"Wartazoa-Buletin Ilmu Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan Indonesia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48422511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-03DOI: 10.14334/wartazoa.v30i2.2490
R. M. A. Adjid
Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease that attacks cloven hoofed animals. Among the animals primarly livestock that sensitive to FMD include cattle, bufalloes, pigs, sheep, and goats. The causative agent of FMD is the Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV). This disease is greatly feared by all countries because it may cause great loss of economic impact. There are still many countries in the world that are not yet free from FMD. The World Animal Health Organization (OIE/ Office des Internationale Epizootis) has included this disease in the list of disease that must be reported as “notifiable disease”. This FMD has become exotic for Indonesia since 1990, and currently it is included in the list of strategic infectious animal diseases in Indonesia. With current situation where the traffic of people and goods between countries in the world is very fast and frequent, it is possible for the disease to enter Indonesian territory. This paper discusses the FMD with aim of increasing alertness and readiness in preventing the entry and spread of the disease to Indonesia.
{"title":"Foot and Mouth Disease: Exotic Animal Disease that must be Alert of Entry into Indonesia","authors":"R. M. A. Adjid","doi":"10.14334/wartazoa.v30i2.2490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14334/wartazoa.v30i2.2490","url":null,"abstract":"Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease that attacks cloven hoofed animals. Among the animals primarly livestock that sensitive to FMD include cattle, bufalloes, pigs, sheep, and goats. The causative agent of FMD is the Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV). This disease is greatly feared by all countries because it may cause great loss of economic impact. There are still many countries in the world that are not yet free from FMD. The World Animal Health Organization (OIE/ Office des Internationale Epizootis) has included this disease in the list of disease that must be reported as “notifiable disease”. This FMD has become exotic for Indonesia since 1990, and currently it is included in the list of strategic infectious animal diseases in Indonesia. With current situation where the traffic of people and goods between countries in the world is very fast and frequent, it is possible for the disease to enter Indonesian territory. This paper discusses the FMD with aim of increasing alertness and readiness in preventing the entry and spread of the disease to Indonesia.","PeriodicalId":42818,"journal":{"name":"Wartazoa-Buletin Ilmu Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan Indonesia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45760253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-03DOI: 10.14334/wartazoa.v30i2.2511
F. Ekawasti, E. Martindah
Leishmaniasis is a zoonosis, neglected and poorly reported disease, caused by the protozoan Leishmania spp, genus Leishmania, transmitted through several vector species including the sand fly (gnat) genus Phlebotomus. This disease has complex ecology and epidemiology. This paper presents about Leishmaniasis disease from epidemiological aspects and risk factors; parasites, vectors and reservoirs; diseases transmission and control. Leishmania spp. is an obligate intramacrophage protozoan, characterized by its kinetoplast, a unique form of mitochondrial DNA. Clinical manifestations of Leishmaniasis depend on interactions between the characteristics of Leishmania species and the human host immune response, resulting in a diseases spectrum ranging from local lesions on the skin to diffuse involvement of the reticuloendothelial system. There are four forms of Leishmaniasis in humans with various clinical manifestations, namely visceral Leishmaniasis (VL), also known as kala-azar (KA), Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL), Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis (MCL) and Diffuse Cutaneous Leshmaniasis (DCL). Leishmaniasis caused by Leismania infantum is the most dangerous disease, but is never found in Indonesia. Leishmaniasis needs to be aware in Indonesia as tropical country that is suitable for the habitat of sand flies (Phlebotomus). The best method for controlling this disease is effective vector control and reduced contact between humans and vectors.
{"title":"Awareness of the existence of Leishmaniasis as Protozoan Zoonosis in Indonesia","authors":"F. Ekawasti, E. Martindah","doi":"10.14334/wartazoa.v30i2.2511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14334/wartazoa.v30i2.2511","url":null,"abstract":"Leishmaniasis is a zoonosis, neglected and poorly reported disease, caused by the protozoan Leishmania spp, genus Leishmania, transmitted through several vector species including the sand fly (gnat) genus Phlebotomus. This disease has complex ecology and epidemiology. This paper presents about Leishmaniasis disease from epidemiological aspects and risk factors; parasites, vectors and reservoirs; diseases transmission and control. Leishmania spp. is an obligate intramacrophage protozoan, characterized by its kinetoplast, a unique form of mitochondrial DNA. Clinical manifestations of Leishmaniasis depend on interactions between the characteristics of Leishmania species and the human host immune response, resulting in a diseases spectrum ranging from local lesions on the skin to diffuse involvement of the reticuloendothelial system. There are four forms of Leishmaniasis in humans with various clinical manifestations, namely visceral Leishmaniasis (VL), also known as kala-azar (KA), Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL), Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis (MCL) and Diffuse Cutaneous Leshmaniasis (DCL). Leishmaniasis caused by Leismania infantum is the most dangerous disease, but is never found in Indonesia. Leishmaniasis needs to be aware in Indonesia as tropical country that is suitable for the habitat of sand flies (Phlebotomus). The best method for controlling this disease is effective vector control and reduced contact between humans and vectors.","PeriodicalId":42818,"journal":{"name":"Wartazoa-Buletin Ilmu Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan Indonesia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44147881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-05DOI: 10.14334/wartazoa.v30i1.2489
R. Hutasoit, R. Rosartio, S. Elisier, J. Sirait, Antonius, H. Syawal
The integration of livestock with plantations is one of efforts to support livestock agribusiness. The large potential land area can be used for the development of cattle. However, the low production, nutrient content and digestibility of natural grasses in the plantation are still an obstacle to increase cattle productivity. Therefore, the development of shade tolerant of forages is one of the strategies to improve the quality and production of forages in the plantation area. This paper aims to review the role of Stenotaphrum secundatum as a shade tolerant forage in oil palm plantations in supporting cattle productivity. Biomass production of Stenotaphrum secundatum obtained was relatively high at 42,209 kg DM/ha/yr in oil palm plantations aged 3.5 years, estimated to be able to accommodate cattle of 11.8 AU/ha. With a moderate composition of nutrition, it can improve cattle growth performance with an average body condition score of 3.8. The livestock integration system by developing S. secundatum in the oil palm plantation area has a positive effect because it can reduce fertilizer and weeding costs of 4 million IDR/ha/yr. The average production of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) reaching 19.5 tons/ha/yr. It can be concluded that the role of S. secundatum in oil palm plantations can support cattle productivity and increase palm oil production.
畜牧业与种植园的整合是支持畜牧业农业综合企业的努力之一。巨大的潜在土地面积可用于养牛。然而，种植园中天然草的产量、营养成分和消化率低，仍然是提高牛生产力的障碍。因此，发展牧草的耐荫性是提高种植区牧草质量和产量的策略之一。本文旨在综述油棕种植园中狭叶草作为一种耐荫牧草在提高牛生产力方面的作用。在3.5年龄的油棕榈种植园中，获得的狭叶藻的生物量产量相对较高，为42209 kg DM/ha/年，估计能够容纳11.8 AU/ha的牛。营养成分适中，可提高牛的生长性能，平均身体状况得分为3.8。在油棕榈种植区开发S.secundatum的牲畜整合系统具有积极的效果，因为它可以减少400万印尼盾/公顷/年的化肥和除草成本。新鲜果串的平均产量达到19.5吨/公顷/年。可以得出结论，S.secundatum在油棕榈种植园中的作用可以支持牛的生产力并提高棕榈油产量。
{"title":"A Shade Tolerant Forage, Stenotaphrum secundatum, in the Oil Palm Plantation to Support Cattle Productivity","authors":"R. Hutasoit, R. Rosartio, S. Elisier, J. Sirait, Antonius, H. Syawal","doi":"10.14334/wartazoa.v30i1.2489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14334/wartazoa.v30i1.2489","url":null,"abstract":"The integration of livestock with plantations is one of efforts to support livestock agribusiness. The large potential land area can be used for the development of cattle. However, the low production, nutrient content and digestibility of natural grasses in the plantation are still an obstacle to increase cattle productivity. Therefore, the development of shade tolerant of forages is one of the strategies to improve the quality and production of forages in the plantation area. This paper aims to review the role of Stenotaphrum secundatum as a shade tolerant forage in oil palm plantations in supporting cattle productivity. Biomass production of Stenotaphrum secundatum obtained was relatively high at 42,209 kg DM/ha/yr in oil palm plantations aged 3.5 years, estimated to be able to accommodate cattle of 11.8 AU/ha. With a moderate composition of nutrition, it can improve cattle growth performance with an average body condition score of 3.8. The livestock integration system by developing S. secundatum in the oil palm plantation area has a positive effect because it can reduce fertilizer and weeding costs of 4 million IDR/ha/yr. The average production of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) reaching 19.5 tons/ha/yr. It can be concluded that the role of S. secundatum in oil palm plantations can support cattle productivity and increase palm oil production.","PeriodicalId":42818,"journal":{"name":"Wartazoa-Buletin Ilmu Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan Indonesia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41309311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-05DOI: 10.14334/wartazoa.v30i1.2479
I. Sendow, A. Ratnawati, N. Dharmayanti, M. Saepulloh
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly infectious disease in pigs that caused by the double-stranded DNA virus of the Asfarviridae family. The disease is characterized by haemorrhages in the ears, back and legs. This virus causes death in pigs and has a large economic impact. However, ASF is not a zoonotic disease, hence it has no an impact on human health. This paper will discuss about ASF disease, route of transmision, how to diagnose, and handling of ASF. This disease has spread throughout Asia in a relatively short time in 2019, and this exotic disease has been reported entering Indonesia at the end of 2019. There is no effective prevention and control of the disease. Several vaccines have been developed but are still considered ineffective while commercial vaccines are not yet available. Safety and effectiveness of vaccines are still being considered because ASF virus is very unique and different from other DNA viruses,. Therefore, prevention of ASF infection should be done by conducting strict biosecurity, applying regulations on the movement of pigs and pig products to the region or country.
{"title":"African Swine Fever: Penyakit Emerging yang Mengancam Peternakan Babi di Dunia","authors":"I. Sendow, A. Ratnawati, N. Dharmayanti, M. Saepulloh","doi":"10.14334/wartazoa.v30i1.2479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14334/wartazoa.v30i1.2479","url":null,"abstract":"African swine fever (ASF) is a highly infectious disease in pigs that caused by the double-stranded DNA virus of the Asfarviridae family. The disease is characterized by haemorrhages in the ears, back and legs. This virus causes death in pigs and has a large economic impact. However, ASF is not a zoonotic disease, hence it has no an impact on human health. This paper will discuss about ASF disease, route of transmision, how to diagnose, and handling of ASF. This disease has spread throughout Asia in a relatively short time in 2019, and this exotic disease has been reported entering Indonesia at the end of 2019. There is no effective prevention and control of the disease. Several vaccines have been developed but are still considered ineffective while commercial vaccines are not yet available. Safety and effectiveness of vaccines are still being considered because ASF virus is very unique and different from other DNA viruses,. Therefore, prevention of ASF infection should be done by conducting strict biosecurity, applying regulations on the movement of pigs and pig products to the region or country.","PeriodicalId":42818,"journal":{"name":"Wartazoa-Buletin Ilmu Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan Indonesia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44154076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-05DOI: 10.14334/wartazoa.v30i1.2469
N. Dharmayanti, Diana Nurjanah
Coronavirus is a non-segmented, positive-stranded RNA virus with four main structural proteins, namely Spike (S), Membrane (M), Envelope (E), and Nucleocapsid (N) proteins. Coronavirus can cause diseases in the respiratory and digestive tract, as well as in central nervous system of animals and humans. There are four genera in the Orthocoronavirinae subfamily, including Alphacoronavirus , Betacoronavirus, Gammacoronavirus , and Deltacoronavirus . Alphacoronavirus and Betacoronavirus are commonly found in mammals, while Gammacoronavirus and Deltacoronavirus are found to infect birds and mammals. Until 2018, zoonoses coronaviruses consisted of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Coronavirus became worldwide concern after it was identified as the cause of the pneumonia outbreak occurred at the end of 2019 in China. The coronavirus is associated with the fish market in Wuhan, then the disease is called COVID-19 (Coronavirus Infectious Diseases-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2. Virus SARS-CoV-2 has infected >1.6 million people around the world and until the end of March 2020, it caused more than 99.000 deaths including 3.512 cases with the total number of deaths to 306 in Indonesia. This paper discusses Coronavirus and scientific information related to Coronaviruses in which several variants are zoonoses.
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