Pub Date : 2018-02-23DOI: 10.14334/WARTAZOA.V27I2.1181
D. Endrawati, E. Kusumaningtyas
Rhizopus sp is a type of fungi which easily grow in the soil, fruit, vegetables and fermented food. This paper describes some functions of Rhizopus sp on increasing nutritional value of feed ingredient and possibility of its application in Indonesia. Rhizopus mold has been known in Indonesia especially for tempe production for food. Research about Rhizopus sp gives knowledge for utilizing Rhizopus sp for other functions. Rhizopus sp is able to inhibit the growth of toxigenic fungus, Aspergillus flavus and to degrade aflatoxin. Rhizopus sp also produces compounds which are able to inhibit pathogenic bacteria and acts as antioxidant. Rhizopus sp absorbs some minerals and changes them to become organic minerals hence it increases mineral absorption by the body. Utilization of feed fermented by Rhizopus sp in livestock showed better result compared to non fermented feed. Rhizopus sp is also very potential to be applied as feed additive for livestock.
{"title":"Several Functions of Rhizopus sp on Increasing Nutritional Value of Feed Ingredient","authors":"D. Endrawati, E. Kusumaningtyas","doi":"10.14334/WARTAZOA.V27I2.1181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14334/WARTAZOA.V27I2.1181","url":null,"abstract":"Rhizopus sp is a type of fungi which easily grow in the soil, fruit, vegetables and fermented food. This paper describes some functions of Rhizopus sp on increasing nutritional value of feed ingredient and possibility of its application in Indonesia. Rhizopus mold has been known in Indonesia especially for tempe production for food. Research about Rhizopus sp gives knowledge for utilizing Rhizopus sp for other functions. Rhizopus sp is able to inhibit the growth of toxigenic fungus, Aspergillus flavus and to degrade aflatoxin. Rhizopus sp also produces compounds which are able to inhibit pathogenic bacteria and acts as antioxidant. Rhizopus sp absorbs some minerals and changes them to become organic minerals hence it increases mineral absorption by the body. Utilization of feed fermented by Rhizopus sp in livestock showed better result compared to non fermented feed. Rhizopus sp is also very potential to be applied as feed additive for livestock.","PeriodicalId":42818,"journal":{"name":"Wartazoa-Buletin Ilmu Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan Indonesia","volume":"27 1","pages":"81-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48868009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-23DOI: 10.14334/WARTAZOA.V27I2.1595
C. U. Wirawati
Dadih is a product of fermented buffalo milk in a bamboo tube from West Sumatera. The decline of buffalo population in West Sumatera caused dadih scarcity. The demand of dadih is high because it is an integral part of the Minangkabau’s diet and culture. Cow milk can be used as a substitute of buffalo milk for producing dadih , although the product has slightly different characteristics, especially lower total solids. Producing cows milk dadih similar to buffalo milk dadih, fresh cow milk should be concentrated and added with skim milk. Single or combination of lactic acid bacteria from the genus Lactobacillus , Lactococcus , Streptococcus and Bifidobacterium from dadih of buffalo milk or commercial culture can be used as a starter. Based on investment analysis, the prospect of developing cows milk dadih is feasible.
{"title":"Characteristic and Development of Cow’s Milk Dadih as an Alternate of Buffalo’s Milk Dadih","authors":"C. U. Wirawati","doi":"10.14334/WARTAZOA.V27I2.1595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14334/WARTAZOA.V27I2.1595","url":null,"abstract":"Dadih is a product of fermented buffalo milk in a bamboo tube from West Sumatera. The decline of buffalo population in West Sumatera caused dadih scarcity. The demand of dadih is high because it is an integral part of the Minangkabau’s diet and culture. Cow milk can be used as a substitute of buffalo milk for producing dadih , although the product has slightly different characteristics, especially lower total solids. Producing cows milk dadih similar to buffalo milk dadih, fresh cow milk should be concentrated and added with skim milk. Single or combination of lactic acid bacteria from the genus Lactobacillus , Lactococcus , Streptococcus and Bifidobacterium from dadih of buffalo milk or commercial culture can be used as a starter. Based on investment analysis, the prospect of developing cows milk dadih is feasible.","PeriodicalId":42818,"journal":{"name":"Wartazoa-Buletin Ilmu Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan Indonesia","volume":"27 1","pages":"95-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46487398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-23DOI: 10.14334/WARTAZOA.V27I3.1588
E. Wina
Poultry, especially broiler is an important protein source for people in developing countries. Under intensive condition, economical and efficient broiler production is disturbed by disease attack due to poor biosecurity management. Feed additives (coccidiostat and antibiotic growth promoter/AGP) that added to feed for disease prevention and growth improvement, have been banned by many countries including Indonesia. Antibiotic growth promoter can be substituted by bioactive compounds in certain plants which can improve poultry production. One of bioactive compounds is saponin which is a glycoside. This paper provides information about source and function of saponin as feed additive for poultry production. Saponin extracts or saponin containing plants have several functions, such as anticoccidia, immunostimulant, antibacteria and antifungi. Sustainable poultry production requires continues supply of feed ingredients and additive with consistent in quality. High saponin-containing plants need to be planted widely and supported by stakeholders for their avability and sustainability.
{"title":"The Role of Saponin as Feed Additive for Sustainable Poultry Production","authors":"E. Wina","doi":"10.14334/WARTAZOA.V27I3.1588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14334/WARTAZOA.V27I3.1588","url":null,"abstract":"Poultry, especially broiler is an important protein source for people in developing countries. Under intensive condition, economical and efficient broiler production is disturbed by disease attack due to poor biosecurity management. Feed additives (coccidiostat and antibiotic growth promoter/AGP) that added to feed for disease prevention and growth improvement, have been banned by many countries including Indonesia. Antibiotic growth promoter can be substituted by bioactive compounds in certain plants which can improve poultry production. One of bioactive compounds is saponin which is a glycoside. This paper provides information about source and function of saponin as feed additive for poultry production. Saponin extracts or saponin containing plants have several functions, such as anticoccidia, immunostimulant, antibacteria and antifungi. Sustainable poultry production requires continues supply of feed ingredients and additive with consistent in quality. High saponin-containing plants need to be planted widely and supported by stakeholders for their avability and sustainability.","PeriodicalId":42818,"journal":{"name":"Wartazoa-Buletin Ilmu Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan Indonesia","volume":"27 1","pages":"117-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46500085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-23DOI: 10.14334/WARTAZOA.V27I2.1405
A. Priyanti, I. Inounu, N. Ilham
Based on the last national livestock census in 2013, the population number of cattle and buffalo have reduced by 15% compared to that in 2011. The highest reduction happened in Java that reached around 24-27%, while that in Bali and Nusa Tenggara was 25%. One of the reasons was caused by decreasing number of cows due to the increase of productive cows slaughtered every year. Number of cows slaughtered in Bali, Nusa Tenggara, and South Sulawesi had reached on average of 72% from total slaughtered, where more than 90% were productive cows. Reasons for slaughtering productive cows were due to: (1) Lower cows price; (2) Limited bulls supply; (3) Local government regulation on inter-island trade; (4) Weak and inconsistent law enforcement; and (5) Lack of understanding on criteria for productive cows by farmers. Increased rate of slaughtered cattle and increasing rate of inter-island trade volumes that higher than the rate of cattle population had caused the decrease of national cattle population. There are currently needs to improve and develop operation slaughter-houses under management of local state enterprise. The management applies on certain mechanisms that sort of incoming productive females according to different grades into allowable to be slaughtered and selected for breeding females, which could be further traded inter-island as supplier of cows for other regions. This strategy may help the central government to meet the demand for productive cows, particularly in Sumatera and Kalimantan which have abundance of feed biomass resources. Policy support is needed as instruments for all interested stakeholders including those who are willing to invest in cattle development such as oil-palm estates.
{"title":"Prevention of Productive Cows Slaughter through Management of Local State Enterprises","authors":"A. Priyanti, I. Inounu, N. Ilham","doi":"10.14334/WARTAZOA.V27I2.1405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14334/WARTAZOA.V27I2.1405","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the last national livestock census in 2013, the population number of cattle and buffalo have reduced by 15% compared to that in 2011. The highest reduction happened in Java that reached around 24-27%, while that in Bali and Nusa Tenggara was 25%. One of the reasons was caused by decreasing number of cows due to the increase of productive cows slaughtered every year. Number of cows slaughtered in Bali, Nusa Tenggara, and South Sulawesi had reached on average of 72% from total slaughtered, where more than 90% were productive cows. Reasons for slaughtering productive cows were due to: (1) Lower cows price; (2) Limited bulls supply; (3) Local government regulation on inter-island trade; (4) Weak and inconsistent law enforcement; and (5) Lack of understanding on criteria for productive cows by farmers. Increased rate of slaughtered cattle and increasing rate of inter-island trade volumes that higher than the rate of cattle population had caused the decrease of national cattle population. There are currently needs to improve and develop operation slaughter-houses under management of local state enterprise. The management applies on certain mechanisms that sort of incoming productive females according to different grades into allowable to be slaughtered and selected for breeding females, which could be further traded inter-island as supplier of cows for other regions. This strategy may help the central government to meet the demand for productive cows, particularly in Sumatera and Kalimantan which have abundance of feed biomass resources. Policy support is needed as instruments for all interested stakeholders including those who are willing to invest in cattle development such as oil-palm estates.","PeriodicalId":42818,"journal":{"name":"Wartazoa-Buletin Ilmu Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan Indonesia","volume":"27 1","pages":"53-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42938274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-23DOI: 10.14334/WARTAZOA.V27I2.1537
A. Batubara
Characteristics of double muscled growth in animals are influenced by myostatin gene (MSTN). Myostatin gene is known as a member of the growth gene's superfamily (TGF-β) which works to suppress the muscle growth. However, the presence of six mutations on MSTN cause the gene inactive, and trigger the occurrence of muscle hypertrophy. Identification of myostatin gene was conducted by molecular techniques, and the most common method is polymerase chain reaction followed by single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP). Research on sheep and goat in several countries showed that there had been several variations occurred in myostatin gene but further studies are required to correlate these variations to body weight gain and other important production parameters. For goat production in Indonesia, myostatin mutations cause double muscling that can be utilised for genetic improvement in goat breeding plan to produce a new breed with high quality meat.
{"title":"Myostatin Gene Expression and Its Application on Goat Breeding Programme","authors":"A. Batubara","doi":"10.14334/WARTAZOA.V27I2.1537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14334/WARTAZOA.V27I2.1537","url":null,"abstract":"Characteristics of double muscled growth in animals are influenced by myostatin gene (MSTN). Myostatin gene is known as a member of the growth gene's superfamily (TGF-β) which works to suppress the muscle growth. However, the presence of six mutations on MSTN cause the gene inactive, and trigger the occurrence of muscle hypertrophy. Identification of myostatin gene was conducted by molecular techniques, and the most common method is polymerase chain reaction followed by single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP). Research on sheep and goat in several countries showed that there had been several variations occurred in myostatin gene but further studies are required to correlate these variations to body weight gain and other important production parameters. For goat production in Indonesia, myostatin mutations cause double muscling that can be utilised for genetic improvement in goat breeding plan to produce a new breed with high quality meat.","PeriodicalId":42818,"journal":{"name":"Wartazoa-Buletin Ilmu Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan Indonesia","volume":"27 1","pages":"89-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46753054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-23DOI: 10.14334/WARTAZOA.V27I3.1596
C. U. Wirawati, M. Sudarwanto, D. Lukman, I. Wientarsih
Milk productivity is highly dependent on inputs used in the dairy farm. The limited source of forage or native grasses with low nutritional quality reduce production and reproduction of dairy cows. Improvement of feed quality can be conducted by various ways, including fortification and supplementation with specific substances that have the potency to increase milk production. This paper describes the potency of local plants, nutritional and bioactive substances that can be utilized to improve production and quality of milk. Some of these plants are cassava ( Manihot sp), torbangun ( Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour) Spreng) and katuk ( Sauropus androgynus (L) Merr) leaves which are potential as feed supplement for cows, goats, and buffalo. The high protein bypass and galactogogue compounds content in these plants are factors increasing production and quality of milk.
{"title":"Local Plants as Feed Supplementation to Improve Ruminant Milk Production and Quality","authors":"C. U. Wirawati, M. Sudarwanto, D. Lukman, I. Wientarsih","doi":"10.14334/WARTAZOA.V27I3.1596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14334/WARTAZOA.V27I3.1596","url":null,"abstract":"Milk productivity is highly dependent on inputs used in the dairy farm. The limited source of forage or native grasses with low nutritional quality reduce production and reproduction of dairy cows. Improvement of feed quality can be conducted by various ways, including fortification and supplementation with specific substances that have the potency to increase milk production. This paper describes the potency of local plants, nutritional and bioactive substances that can be utilized to improve production and quality of milk. Some of these plants are cassava ( Manihot sp), torbangun ( Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour) Spreng) and katuk ( Sauropus androgynus (L) Merr) leaves which are potential as feed supplement for cows, goats, and buffalo. The high protein bypass and galactogogue compounds content in these plants are factors increasing production and quality of milk.","PeriodicalId":42818,"journal":{"name":"Wartazoa-Buletin Ilmu Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan Indonesia","volume":"27 1","pages":"145-157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46997605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-23DOI: 10.14334/WARTAZOA.V27I3.1579
Widya Pintaka Bayu Putra, R. Indriastuti
Genetic improvement in beef and dairy cattle which can increase meat and milk production can be conducted through livestock selection based on molecular technique using leptin gene. The leptin gene is located on the fourth chromosome and consists of three exons and two introns. The leptin gene serves to produce the leptin hormone secreted by fat tissue. High concentrations of leptin hormone can increase feed intake and body metabolism thereby increasing livestock productivity. This paper describes the leptin gene including structure, mechanism of leptin hormone and polymorphisms in cows. These polymorphisms occur in the promoter, intron and exon sections associated with body and carcass weight and milk production in some cattle breed. Therefore, leptin gene can be used for selection towards increasing cattle productivity. Utilization of leptin gene can be done by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) identification on the whole structure of leptin gene and to observe its effect on characteristics of cattle production in Indonesia.
{"title":"Leptin Gene as Potential Gene for Molecular Selection on Cattle in Indonesia","authors":"Widya Pintaka Bayu Putra, R. Indriastuti","doi":"10.14334/WARTAZOA.V27I3.1579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14334/WARTAZOA.V27I3.1579","url":null,"abstract":"Genetic improvement in beef and dairy cattle which can increase meat and milk production can be conducted through livestock selection based on molecular technique using leptin gene. The leptin gene is located on the fourth chromosome and consists of three exons and two introns. The leptin gene serves to produce the leptin hormone secreted by fat tissue. High concentrations of leptin hormone can increase feed intake and body metabolism thereby increasing livestock productivity. This paper describes the leptin gene including structure, mechanism of leptin hormone and polymorphisms in cows. These polymorphisms occur in the promoter, intron and exon sections associated with body and carcass weight and milk production in some cattle breed. Therefore, leptin gene can be used for selection towards increasing cattle productivity. Utilization of leptin gene can be done by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) identification on the whole structure of leptin gene and to observe its effect on characteristics of cattle production in Indonesia.","PeriodicalId":42818,"journal":{"name":"Wartazoa-Buletin Ilmu Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan Indonesia","volume":"27 1","pages":"105-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46542173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-23DOI: 10.14334/WARTAZOA.V27I2.1589
Nurmeiliasari Nurmeiliasari, R. Priyanto, D. Astuti, Salundik, J. Takahashi
Feeding high concentrate diet, characterized with high starch and low fiber is applied to increase energy intake for an optimal production performance in ruminants. However, the prevalence of digestive disorder namely ruminal acidosis has been reported as drawback of this feeding strategy. This encourages farmers and nutritionist to supply adequate fiber in the diet to meet minimum dietary fiber requirement. However, feeding high forage diet is reported to give adverse effect on production performance, thus economic loss for farmers. Therefore, some sorts of artificial fiber utilizations have been introduced to reduce the risk of nutritional diseases as well as improving ruminant productivity. The utilization of rumen mechanical stimulator aims to maintain a healthy rumen function in ruminants fed with high concentrate diet. Objective of this article is to review recent development of rumen mechanical stimulators utilization, a pseudo fiber to substitute forage physical function in the rumen of ruminants. This review highlights the use of rumen mechanical stimulators in dairy cattle, beef cattle and sheep with particular attention in rumination time and rumen parameters. In conclusion, rumen mechanical stimulator is attributable to minimize metabolic problem associated with high concentrate feeding by providing mechanical stimulation on the rumen wall.
{"title":"Utilization of Rumen Mechanical Stimulator as Pseudo Fiber in Ruminant to Minimize Metabolic Problem","authors":"Nurmeiliasari Nurmeiliasari, R. Priyanto, D. Astuti, Salundik, J. Takahashi","doi":"10.14334/WARTAZOA.V27I2.1589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14334/WARTAZOA.V27I2.1589","url":null,"abstract":"Feeding high concentrate diet, characterized with high starch and low fiber is applied to increase energy intake for an optimal production performance in ruminants. However, the prevalence of digestive disorder namely ruminal acidosis has been reported as drawback of this feeding strategy. This encourages farmers and nutritionist to supply adequate fiber in the diet to meet minimum dietary fiber requirement. However, feeding high forage diet is reported to give adverse effect on production performance, thus economic loss for farmers. Therefore, some sorts of artificial fiber utilizations have been introduced to reduce the risk of nutritional diseases as well as improving ruminant productivity. The utilization of rumen mechanical stimulator aims to maintain a healthy rumen function in ruminants fed with high concentrate diet. Objective of this article is to review recent development of rumen mechanical stimulators utilization, a pseudo fiber to substitute forage physical function in the rumen of ruminants. This review highlights the use of rumen mechanical stimulators in dairy cattle, beef cattle and sheep with particular attention in rumination time and rumen parameters. In conclusion, rumen mechanical stimulator is attributable to minimize metabolic problem associated with high concentrate feeding by providing mechanical stimulation on the rumen wall.","PeriodicalId":42818,"journal":{"name":"Wartazoa-Buletin Ilmu Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan Indonesia","volume":"27 1","pages":"67-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43370915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-23DOI: 10.14334/WARTAZOA.V27I3.1597
Veronica Wanniatie
Nowdays, people prefer to consume safe and healthy food such as organic food and milk. Organic milk comes from organic farms applying sustainable environment and animal welfare. Consumers choose organic milk because it provides health benefits and comes from farm that applying animal welfare and green environment. Organic milk contains no pesticide residues, antibiotics and other contaminants. This paper describes the comparison of conventional and organic dairy farm and the quality of organic milk in terms of nutrition and contaminant. Organic farming that implements a production system for premium market with special requirements of production process and product quality, demands high management qualification. The difference between organic and conventional milk is the higher level of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) because of rich forage feed in an organic livestock raising system.
{"title":"Milk Quality from Organic Farm","authors":"Veronica Wanniatie","doi":"10.14334/WARTAZOA.V27I3.1597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14334/WARTAZOA.V27I3.1597","url":null,"abstract":"Nowdays, people prefer to consume safe and healthy food such as organic food and milk. Organic milk comes from organic farms applying sustainable environment and animal welfare. Consumers choose organic milk because it provides health benefits and comes from farm that applying animal welfare and green environment. Organic milk contains no pesticide residues, antibiotics and other contaminants. This paper describes the comparison of conventional and organic dairy farm and the quality of organic milk in terms of nutrition and contaminant. Organic farming that implements a production system for premium market with special requirements of production process and product quality, demands high management qualification. The difference between organic and conventional milk is the higher level of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) because of rich forage feed in an organic livestock raising system.","PeriodicalId":42818,"journal":{"name":"Wartazoa-Buletin Ilmu Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan Indonesia","volume":"27 1","pages":"125-134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46194387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-23DOI: 10.14334/WARTAZOA.V27I3.1689
E. Martindah
In terms of epidemiology, the distribution of anthrax globally remains enzootic, and is endemic in some parts of Indonesia. Contact with anthrax spores that present in meat, soil and grass can cause disease in both humans and animals. This paper describes risk factors causing high prevalence of anthrax, also attitude and knowledge of farmers’ community toward anthrax. Several risk factors that causing high prevalence of anthrax transmitted to humans are lack of farmers’ knowledge on anthrax, people's habit of slaughtering the sick animal and consuming the meat for economic reason. The knowledge of anthrax amongs farmer communities are influenced by education level, information sources, and professions. Farmers community knowledge in Indonesia towards anthrax is relatively low. Most farmers have wrong perception that anthrax is non-contagious disease. Control of anthrax in livestock and humans will be effective, if the community has better knowledge, attitude and good perception of disease. Interventions need to consider both technical and social (local knowledge and culture, as well as community behavior) factors to be appropriate and more acceptable to farmers and local communities.
{"title":"Risk Factors, Attitude and Knowledge of Farmers in Controlling Anthrax","authors":"E. Martindah","doi":"10.14334/WARTAZOA.V27I3.1689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14334/WARTAZOA.V27I3.1689","url":null,"abstract":"In terms of epidemiology, the distribution of anthrax globally remains enzootic, and is endemic in some parts of Indonesia. Contact with anthrax spores that present in meat, soil and grass can cause disease in both humans and animals. This paper describes risk factors causing high prevalence of anthrax, also attitude and knowledge of farmers’ community toward anthrax. Several risk factors that causing high prevalence of anthrax transmitted to humans are lack of farmers’ knowledge on anthrax, people's habit of slaughtering the sick animal and consuming the meat for economic reason. The knowledge of anthrax amongs farmer communities are influenced by education level, information sources, and professions. Farmers community knowledge in Indonesia towards anthrax is relatively low. Most farmers have wrong perception that anthrax is non-contagious disease. Control of anthrax in livestock and humans will be effective, if the community has better knowledge, attitude and good perception of disease. Interventions need to consider both technical and social (local knowledge and culture, as well as community behavior) factors to be appropriate and more acceptable to farmers and local communities.","PeriodicalId":42818,"journal":{"name":"Wartazoa-Buletin Ilmu Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan Indonesia","volume":"27 1","pages":"135-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67041475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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