Pub Date : 2020-03-01DOI: 10.20898/j.iass.2020.203.017
S. Adriaenssens
The talent, knowledge and approaches of the structural designer Laurent Ney (1964-present) are increasingly recognized by engineering, architecture and construction awards. Most of the writing on his work has focused on his design philosophy or on individual projects. The aim of this paper is threefold: 1) to provide a social, historic and geological context for his work, 2) to showcase how he masters digital and numerical shape finding and optimization approaches to inform his design and construction decisions and 3) to illustrate how his works revive underutilized public spaces and augment people's happiness and well-being. The three chosen case studies are all large-span steel structures: one beam bridge (Centner) and two shell structures (steel/glass gridshell over the courtyard of the Dutch Maritime Museum and the hanging steel shell of the Knokke Lichtenlijn footbridge). The scholarship presented in this paper forms the basis for one of the contemporary lectures of CEE262 "Structures and the Urban Environment," a course first taught by Prof. Billington in 1974 at Princeton University.
{"title":"How and Why Laurent Ney Finds Steel Structural Forms","authors":"S. Adriaenssens","doi":"10.20898/j.iass.2020.203.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20898/j.iass.2020.203.017","url":null,"abstract":"The talent, knowledge and approaches of the structural designer Laurent Ney (1964-present) are increasingly recognized by engineering, architecture and construction awards. Most of the writing on his work has focused on his design philosophy or on individual projects. The aim of this paper is threefold: 1) to provide a social, historic and geological context for his work, 2) to showcase how he masters digital and numerical shape finding and optimization approaches to inform his design and construction decisions and 3) to illustrate how his works revive underutilized public spaces and augment people's happiness and well-being. The three chosen case studies are all large-span steel structures: one beam bridge (Centner) and two shell structures (steel/glass gridshell over the courtyard of the Dutch Maritime Museum and the hanging steel shell of the Knokke Lichtenlijn footbridge). The scholarship presented in this paper forms the basis for one of the contemporary lectures of CEE262 \"Structures and the Urban Environment,\" a course first taught by Prof. Billington in 1974 at Princeton University.","PeriodicalId":42855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82006324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-01DOI: 10.20898/j.iass.2020.203.022
E. Hines
The existence of structural art has implications far beyond the aesthetics of the built environment. Beauty is the purest expression of the human spirit, and its potential to coexist in the engineering imagination with practical project requirements is a powerful symbol for what is possible not only in structural engineering but in all engineering. Understanding the potential for structural art provides a key to strengthening the connection between our thoughts and our feelings, as they relate to our technological world and its improved coexistence with nature. The paper identifies and discusses sympathies between structural art and art in general and then uses examples from structural design practice to illustrate how the languages of drawing, simple calculations and project narrative are fundamental to the creative process in engineering.
{"title":"Discipline and Play in Structural Design","authors":"E. Hines","doi":"10.20898/j.iass.2020.203.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20898/j.iass.2020.203.022","url":null,"abstract":"The existence of structural art has implications far beyond the aesthetics of the built environment. Beauty is the purest expression of the human spirit, and its potential to coexist in the engineering imagination with practical project requirements is a powerful symbol for what is\u0000 possible not only in structural engineering but in all engineering. Understanding the potential for structural art provides a key to strengthening the connection between our thoughts and our feelings, as they relate to our technological world and its improved coexistence with nature. The paper\u0000 identifies and discusses sympathies between structural art and art in general and then uses examples from structural design practice to illustrate how the languages of drawing, simple calculations and project narrative are fundamental to the creative process in engineering.","PeriodicalId":42855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75785358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-01DOI: 10.20898/j.iass.2020.203.036
F. Gottemoeller, Robert J. Healy
This paper describes David Billington's efforts to improve American bridge design by bringing his insight concerning structural art to a range of bridge building agencies and their coordinating institutions, beginning with the Departments of Transportation of Maryland and Minnesota. It also presents his role in bringing to two Maryland bridges the Swiss practice of developing bridge designs via design competitions as a means of resolving contentious public controversies. Finally, it presents two particularly important American bridges that benefitted from his ideas.
{"title":"David Billington's Influence on U.S. Bridge Design","authors":"F. Gottemoeller, Robert J. Healy","doi":"10.20898/j.iass.2020.203.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20898/j.iass.2020.203.036","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes David Billington's efforts to improve American bridge design by bringing his insight concerning structural art to a range of bridge building agencies and their coordinating institutions, beginning with the Departments of Transportation of Maryland and Minnesota.\u0000 It also presents his role in bringing to two Maryland bridges the Swiss practice of developing bridge designs via design competitions as a means of resolving contentious public controversies. Finally, it presents two particularly important American bridges that benefitted from his ideas.","PeriodicalId":42855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79080311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-01DOI: 10.20898/j.iass.2020.203.018
R. Motro
How to relate an exchange with a recognized personality who is known for his books, his lectures and his teaching? How to situate this work of transmission operated by D. P. Billington to highlight the specificities of those engineers who are said to be artists? It may be by letting our thoughts wander to bring back memories of meetings and readings. This is the choice made for this contribution. Meet D. P. Billington, immerse yourself in his library at Princeton this place of reflection and memory resulting from his impressive work. There follow paragraphs devoted to some examples extracted from his teaching and writings, but also to the symbolic aspect, indispensable part in any artistic work. The identity of the artists' engineers is thus better defined, be it Maillart, Eiffel or Gaudi among others. The major role of the morphogenesis phase of their works is emphasized as the concomitance of a theoretical and technical skills that is put at the service of the design. D. P. Billington has been able to convey his historian's perspective by making available pertinent analyses, based on his erudition.
{"title":"Personal Thoughts in Tribute to David P. Billington","authors":"R. Motro","doi":"10.20898/j.iass.2020.203.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20898/j.iass.2020.203.018","url":null,"abstract":"How to relate an exchange with a recognized personality who is known for his books, his lectures and his teaching? How to situate this work of transmission operated by D. P. Billington to highlight the specificities of those engineers who are said to be artists? It may be by letting\u0000 our thoughts wander to bring back memories of meetings and readings. This is the choice made for this contribution. Meet D. P. Billington, immerse yourself in his library at Princeton this place of reflection and memory resulting from his impressive work. There follow paragraphs devoted to\u0000 some examples extracted from his teaching and writings, but also to the symbolic aspect, indispensable part in any artistic work. The identity of the artists' engineers is thus better defined, be it Maillart, Eiffel or Gaudi among others. The major role of the morphogenesis phase of their\u0000 works is emphasized as the concomitance of a theoretical and technical skills that is put at the service of the design. D. P. Billington has been able to convey his historian's perspective by making available pertinent analyses, based on his erudition.","PeriodicalId":42855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86356247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-01DOI: 10.20898/j.iass.2020.203.027
S. M. Namara
David Billington was a scholar of structural art and an inspirational educator who introduced generations of engineering students to the history and evolution of their discipline. This paper reflects on the author's time as a graduate student studying under David Billington and the profound and lasting impact it has had on her teaching and scholarship.
{"title":"David Billington: An Innovator and an Inspiration","authors":"S. M. Namara","doi":"10.20898/j.iass.2020.203.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20898/j.iass.2020.203.027","url":null,"abstract":"David Billington was a scholar of structural art and an inspirational educator who introduced generations of engineering students to the history and evolution of their discipline. This paper reflects on the author's time as a graduate student studying under David Billington and the\u0000 profound and lasting impact it has had on her teaching and scholarship.","PeriodicalId":42855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89666682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-01DOI: 10.20898/j.iass.2020.203.026
W. Baker
David Billington (1927 – 2018) was an educator who strove to increase the appreciation of structural art through his research, writings, lectures and ideas. This paper examines Billington's influence on structural engineering and practicing structural engineers.
{"title":"David Billington and His Influence: A Structural Designer's Perspective","authors":"W. Baker","doi":"10.20898/j.iass.2020.203.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20898/j.iass.2020.203.026","url":null,"abstract":"David Billington (1927 – 2018) was an educator who strove to increase the appreciation of structural art through his research, writings, lectures and ideas. This paper examines Billington's influence on structural engineering and practicing structural engineers.","PeriodicalId":42855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79289327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-01DOI: 10.20898/j.iass.2020.203.023
D. Billington
The author relates a partnership over several decades with his father, David P. Billington, in support of his father's teaching and research on structural art and engineering history.
{"title":"Reflections on a Father-son Partnership","authors":"D. Billington","doi":"10.20898/j.iass.2020.203.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20898/j.iass.2020.203.023","url":null,"abstract":"The author relates a partnership over several decades with his father, David P. Billington, in support of his father's teaching and research on structural art and engineering history.","PeriodicalId":42855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74031011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.20898/j.iass.2020.003
M. Gohnert, R. Bradley
A membrane solution for a catenary dome is presented. The theory solves for the meridian and hoop stresses, assuming a symmetrical load. The theory is extended to solve for domes with an oculus, or rather a circular hole at the apex of the dome. The proposed theory does not include boundary effects, but a verification of the theory indicates that the boundary effects are minimal, compared to other dome shapes. The theory is verified by comparing the equations with a finite element analysis, which indicates an almost perfect match. Only a slight deviation occurs near the boundary, substantiating the legitimacy of the solution.
{"title":"Membrane Solution for a Catenary Dome","authors":"M. Gohnert, R. Bradley","doi":"10.20898/j.iass.2020.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20898/j.iass.2020.003","url":null,"abstract":"A membrane solution for a catenary dome is presented. The theory solves for the meridian and hoop stresses, assuming a symmetrical load. The theory is extended to solve for domes with an oculus, or rather a circular hole at the apex of the dome. The proposed theory does not include boundary effects, but a verification of the theory indicates that the boundary effects are minimal, compared to other dome shapes. The theory is verified by comparing the equations with a finite element analysis, which indicates an almost perfect match. Only a slight deviation occurs near the boundary, substantiating the legitimacy of the solution.","PeriodicalId":42855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86743661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.20898/j.iass.2019.202.037
Yipeng Lu, Xian Xu, Yaozhi Luo
Tensegrity-based locomotive robots have attracted more and more interests from multidisciplinary engineering community. To realize long distance locomotion for tensegrity robots in a given land, path planning is usually needed. This paper proposes a path planning approach for rolling locomotion of polyhedral tensegrity robots. Given the start vertex, target vertex and the directed graph G which indicates the possible paths, the optimal path with lowest cost can be found by Dijkstra algorithm. Numerical and experimental examples are carried out with a six-bar tensegrity robot prototype. Both motion distance and terrain characteristics are considered within the cost. The proposed approach is generally verified by the examples. A comparison between the numerical result and the experimental result is also presented.
{"title":"Path Planning for Rolling Locomotion of Polyhedral Tensegrity Robots Based on Dijkstra Algorithm","authors":"Yipeng Lu, Xian Xu, Yaozhi Luo","doi":"10.20898/j.iass.2019.202.037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20898/j.iass.2019.202.037","url":null,"abstract":"Tensegrity-based locomotive robots have attracted more and more interests from multidisciplinary engineering community. To realize long distance locomotion for tensegrity robots in a given land, path planning is usually needed. This paper proposes a path planning approach for rolling\u0000 locomotion of polyhedral tensegrity robots. Given the start vertex, target vertex and the directed graph G which indicates the possible paths, the optimal path with lowest cost can be found by Dijkstra algorithm. Numerical and experimental examples are carried out with a six-bar tensegrity\u0000 robot prototype. Both motion distance and terrain characteristics are considered within the cost. The proposed approach is generally verified by the examples. A comparison between the numerical result and the experimental result is also presented.","PeriodicalId":42855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77317944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.20898/j.iass.2019.202.034
M. Muñoz-Vidal, Isaac López César, J. Pérez-Valcárcel, F. S. Riestra
The use of expandable structures in the field of building began in the 1960s, based on the pioneering work of Emilio Pérez Piñero. They underwent significant developments at the end of the 20th century, with typologies based on scissors or bundle modules. Until now, this typology has not been further enhanced, despite some very interesting contributions. These studies are usually based on straight bar expandable structures, although there are some interesting proposals based on the deployability of parallel arc systems, even in real buildings. However, other possible types of expandable structures have not been explored to date. In this paper, a new system for expandable structures is proposed, which opens new and interesting design possibilities based on the same folding principle. The system consists of deploying elements such as arches or frames with multiple intersections. Solutions for cylindrical vaults with horizontal axis joints and more complex geometries such as conoids are proposed, as well as domes with vertical and horizontal axis joints. Finally, other structures with special kinematic compatibility difficulties, such as concentric domes or toroids, are also studied.
{"title":"A New Approach to Expandable Structures: Crossed Expandable Frames (X-Frames)","authors":"M. Muñoz-Vidal, Isaac López César, J. Pérez-Valcárcel, F. S. Riestra","doi":"10.20898/j.iass.2019.202.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20898/j.iass.2019.202.034","url":null,"abstract":"The use of expandable structures in the field of building began in the 1960s, based on the pioneering work of Emilio Pérez Piñero. They underwent significant developments at the end of the 20th century, with typologies based on scissors or bundle modules. Until\u0000 now, this typology has not been further enhanced, despite some very interesting contributions. These studies are usually based on straight bar expandable structures, although there are some interesting proposals based on the deployability of parallel arc systems, even in real buildings.\u0000 However, other possible types of expandable structures have not been explored to date. In this paper, a new system for expandable structures is proposed, which opens new and interesting design possibilities based on the same folding principle. The system consists of deploying elements\u0000 such as arches or frames with multiple intersections. Solutions for cylindrical vaults with horizontal axis joints and more complex geometries such as conoids are proposed, as well as domes with vertical and horizontal axis joints. Finally, other structures with special kinematic compatibility\u0000 difficulties, such as concentric domes or toroids, are also studied.","PeriodicalId":42855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.20898/j.iass.2019.202.034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42612901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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