Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.20898/j.iass.2023.015
Kiichiro Sawada
NURBS can create free-form shells by specifying a number of control points and their weights. However, it is challenging to create a form that strictly passes through all the specified control points even with increased weights. This paper proposes an initial-morphogenesis technique of free-form shell roofing using a Fourier Transform. The technique can create forms that strictly pass through all the specified control points. The comparison between the proposed technique and NURBS is discussed and three examples are demonstrated.
{"title":"An Initial-Morphogenesis Technique of Free-Form Shell Roofing Based on a Fourier Transform","authors":"Kiichiro Sawada","doi":"10.20898/j.iass.2023.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20898/j.iass.2023.015","url":null,"abstract":"NURBS can create free-form shells by specifying a number of control points and their weights. However, it is challenging to create a form that strictly passes through all the specified control points even with increased weights. This paper proposes an initial-morphogenesis technique of free-form shell roofing using a Fourier Transform. The technique can create forms that strictly pass through all the specified control points. The comparison between the proposed technique and NURBS is discussed and three examples are demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":42855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135690318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.20898/j.iass.2023.017
Mitchell Gohnert, Ryan Bradley
Stress flows in a predictable pattern, and structural optimization is achieved by matching the natural flow of stress with the structural shape. The geometry of the parabolic shape simulates the natural flow of stress, and is therefore highly efficient in the conveyance of stress. However, despite its importance, the membrane solution of a parabolic dome has never been solved. Designers have been reliant on numerical methods, such as finite elements, or older techniques such as graphical solutions. For this reason, a closed-form membrane solution for a parabolic dome is derived. The solution solves for the meridian and hoop stresses, in the vertical and horizontal directions of the dome for the case of uniformly distributed loads, such as the self-weight of a uniformly thick shell. Finite element analysis (FEA) was also used to undertake a full shell analysis (i.e., membrane and bending behavior) to examine the edge effects that are not captured in the membrane solution. From this study, the benefits of the parabolic dome were found to be similar to the catenary dome; i.e., the stresses in the meridian and hoop directions are compressive, boundary effects are largely minimal, andstresses flow primarily in-plane (membrane action).
{"title":"Membrane Solution for a Paraboloid under Self-Weight","authors":"Mitchell Gohnert, Ryan Bradley","doi":"10.20898/j.iass.2023.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20898/j.iass.2023.017","url":null,"abstract":"Stress flows in a predictable pattern, and structural optimization is achieved by matching the natural flow of stress with the structural shape. The geometry of the parabolic shape simulates the natural flow of stress, and is therefore highly efficient in the conveyance of stress. However, despite its importance, the membrane solution of a parabolic dome has never been solved. Designers have been reliant on numerical methods, such as finite elements, or older techniques such as graphical solutions. For this reason, a closed-form membrane solution for a parabolic dome is derived. The solution solves for the meridian and hoop stresses, in the vertical and horizontal directions of the dome for the case of uniformly distributed loads, such as the self-weight of a uniformly thick shell. Finite element analysis (FEA) was also used to undertake a full shell analysis (i.e., membrane and bending behavior) to examine the edge effects that are not captured in the membrane solution. From this study, the benefits of the parabolic dome were found to be similar to the catenary dome; i.e., the stresses in the meridian and hoop directions are compressive, boundary effects are largely minimal, andstresses flow primarily in-plane (membrane action).","PeriodicalId":42855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135690317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.20898/j.iass.2023.014
Ying Xu, Xiaoning Zhang, Q. Han, W. Huang, Yiming Liu
Progressive collapse accidents of single-layer latticed domes seriously threaten public safety. The progressive collapse-resisting capacity (PCRC) is gradually becoming an essential requirement in the design of spatial structures. Currently, the joint system used in spatial structures can be divided into two categories: welded joints and fabricated joints. The semi-rigidity of fabricated joints may have a significant influence on the PCRC of single- layer latticed domes. In this study, the PCRCs of single-layer fabricated latticed domes with identical span and rise-to-span ratio are evaluated based on the critical progressive collapse load (CPCL). The collapse mechanism of single-layer latticed domes with different grid forms is revealed by progressive analysis. In addition, the effects of joint rigidity, grid form and type of initial failure are further evaluated. The results indicate that the collapse mechanism of single-layer latticed domes includes the radial propagation type and the circumferential propagation type. The latticed domes with quadrilateral grids have much lower PCRC than those with triangular grids. The CPCLs of weld-jointed latticed domes are 5% to 22% higher than those of the fabricated latticed domes with the same grid form. The above influence should be fully considered in the progressive collapse-resisting design of latticed domes with fabricated joints.
{"title":"Progressive Collapse Analysis of Single-Layer Latticed Domes With Fabricated Joints","authors":"Ying Xu, Xiaoning Zhang, Q. Han, W. Huang, Yiming Liu","doi":"10.20898/j.iass.2023.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20898/j.iass.2023.014","url":null,"abstract":"Progressive collapse accidents of single-layer latticed domes seriously threaten public safety. The progressive collapse-resisting capacity (PCRC) is gradually becoming an essential requirement in the design of spatial structures. Currently, the joint system used in spatial structures\u0000 can be divided into two categories: welded joints and fabricated joints. The semi-rigidity of fabricated joints may have a significant influence on the PCRC of single- layer latticed domes. In this study, the PCRCs of single-layer fabricated latticed domes with identical span and rise-to-span\u0000 ratio are evaluated based on the critical progressive collapse load (CPCL). The collapse mechanism of single-layer latticed domes with different grid forms is revealed by progressive analysis. In addition, the effects of joint rigidity, grid form and type of initial failure are further evaluated.\u0000 The results indicate that the collapse mechanism of single-layer latticed domes includes the radial propagation type and the circumferential propagation type. The latticed domes with quadrilateral grids have much lower PCRC than those with triangular grids. The CPCLs of weld-jointed latticed\u0000 domes are 5% to 22% higher than those of the fabricated latticed domes with the same grid form. The above influence should be fully considered in the progressive collapse-resisting design of latticed domes with fabricated joints.","PeriodicalId":42855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43415748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.20898/j.iass.2023.011
Yunan Cai, Shaole Yu, Lianping Yang, Meng Wang, Y. Ouyang, Jian Yin, Hui Lin, Xiaoyang Sun, H. Chen
The aluminum alloy reticulated shell structure of Nanjing Niushou Mountain, the largest single-layer aluminum alloy reticulated shell in Asia, is 227m long from south to north, 130m spanning from east to west. In the design process, the aluminum alloy reticulated shells has been established, then the whole stability of the structure was analyzed to get the first six buckling modes and the safety factors through elastic and elastic-plastic analyses of the whole process. According to the complex construction conditions and the difficulties of construction for a super-large free form reticulated shell, a block fabrication accompanied by step-by-step launching erection process was introduced for economical and in-site safe construction. From construction economy, four different sliding systems have been prepared and compared to enhance the construction efficiency. Also four stages in each sliding system were assumed as their key construction steps through trial calculation and conceptual judgment. Thus, the construction process analysis model in each stage was analyzed and simulated respectively according to the key construction steps. The analysis results show that the safety factor of the reticulated shell structure meets the requirements of the specification, and that the selected sliding construction scheme satisfies the construction requirement on the special construction condition. This report provides an effective reference on future practical application.
{"title":"Case Study of Structural Design and Construction Process Analysis for an Aluminum Alloy Free Form Reticulated Shell of Nanjing Niushou Mountain","authors":"Yunan Cai, Shaole Yu, Lianping Yang, Meng Wang, Y. Ouyang, Jian Yin, Hui Lin, Xiaoyang Sun, H. Chen","doi":"10.20898/j.iass.2023.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20898/j.iass.2023.011","url":null,"abstract":"The aluminum alloy reticulated shell structure of Nanjing Niushou Mountain, the largest single-layer aluminum alloy reticulated shell in Asia, is 227m long from south to north, 130m spanning from east to west. In the design process, the aluminum alloy reticulated shells has been established,\u0000 then the whole stability of the structure was analyzed to get the first six buckling modes and the safety factors through elastic and elastic-plastic analyses of the whole process. According to the complex construction conditions and the difficulties of construction for a super-large free\u0000 form reticulated shell, a block fabrication accompanied by step-by-step launching erection process was introduced for economical and in-site safe construction. From construction economy, four different sliding systems have been prepared and compared to enhance the construction efficiency.\u0000 Also four stages in each sliding system were assumed as their key construction steps through trial calculation and conceptual judgment. Thus, the construction process analysis model in each stage was analyzed and simulated respectively according to the key construction steps. The analysis\u0000 results show that the safety factor of the reticulated shell structure meets the requirements of the specification, and that the selected sliding construction scheme satisfies the construction requirement on the special construction condition. This report provides an effective reference on\u0000 future practical application.","PeriodicalId":42855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46546857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.20898/j.iass.2023.012
C. Stutzki, J. Knowles
The century project TRANSBAY TRANSIT CENTER in San Francisco, designed by the architects Pelli Clark Pelli, has a spacious park on the roof level, with several skylights, for the purpose to funnel daylight into the lower floors of the building. Three of those skylights are grid shells, each consisting of a filigree grid of steel members, cables, and a double-curved, glazed surface. This paper is about the design, detailing, and construction of these grid shells. These grid shells are not extreme in span or shape; they are of a mature building type, but still innovative for most designers and engineers. The design is resulting in three structurally robust buildings, consisting of components with many varied materials, from different manufacturers, with different tolerances, brought together successfully through a holistic planning process from the beginning.
位于旧金山的世纪工程TRANSBAY TRANSIT CENTER由建筑师Pelli Clark Pelli设计，屋顶有一个宽敞的公园，有几个天窗，目的是将阳光引入建筑的较低楼层。其中三个天窗是网格外壳，每个都由钢构件、电缆和双曲玻璃表面组成的细丝网格。本文是关于这些网格壳的设计、细节和构造。这些网格壳在跨度或形状上并不极端；它们是一种成熟的建筑类型，但对大多数设计师和工程师来说仍然是创新的。该设计产生了三座结构坚固的建筑，由来自不同制造商、具有不同公差的多种不同材料组成，从一开始就通过整体规划过程成功地结合在一起。
{"title":"The Gridshells for the San Francisco Salesforce Transit Center","authors":"C. Stutzki, J. Knowles","doi":"10.20898/j.iass.2023.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20898/j.iass.2023.012","url":null,"abstract":"The century project TRANSBAY TRANSIT CENTER in San Francisco, designed by the architects Pelli Clark Pelli, has a spacious park on the roof level, with several skylights, for the purpose to funnel daylight into the lower floors of the building. Three of those skylights are grid shells,\u0000 each consisting of a filigree grid of steel members, cables, and a double-curved, glazed surface. This paper is about the design, detailing, and construction of these grid shells. These grid shells are not extreme in span or shape; they are of a mature building type, but still innovative for\u0000 most designers and engineers. The design is resulting in three structurally robust buildings, consisting of components with many varied materials, from different manufacturers, with different tolerances, brought together successfully through a holistic planning process from the beginning.","PeriodicalId":42855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43461005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.20898/j.iass.2023.013
Yoshikazu Sugiura, D. Nishikawa, Yasuyoshi Hitomi
This facility was used for the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games. It is a multi-purpose arena with up to 11,000 seats, and the roof covers the large space of the auditorium and stadium column-free. In this paper, the structural design of the main arena is introduced. The roof frame is structured by steel pipe trusses with simple planar trusses as a basic unit. Each planar truss is designed in accordance with the bending moment distribution which occurs in the various span each frame has. By arranging these planar trusses with various shapes, a free roof form is possible to be realized rationally. Oil dampers are installed at the joint of the truss girder and the truss columns, giving the damping effect of earthquake and wind. The dampers are effective at reducing vibrations not only horizontally but also vertically. With respect to unexpected earthquakes, this design is based on the concept of fail-safe, so as to ensure safety. Based on the idea above, large space structure with higher safety is realized using a simple structural system.
{"title":"Seismic Design of Sports Arena for Tokyo Olympic 2020 Using Energy-Dissipation Devices","authors":"Yoshikazu Sugiura, D. Nishikawa, Yasuyoshi Hitomi","doi":"10.20898/j.iass.2023.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20898/j.iass.2023.013","url":null,"abstract":"This facility was used for the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games. It is a multi-purpose arena with up to 11,000 seats, and the roof covers the large space of the auditorium and stadium column-free. In this paper, the structural design of the main arena is introduced. The roof\u0000 frame is structured by steel pipe trusses with simple planar trusses as a basic unit. Each planar truss is designed in accordance with the bending moment distribution which occurs in the various span each frame has. By arranging these planar trusses with various shapes, a free roof form is\u0000 possible to be realized rationally. Oil dampers are installed at the joint of the truss girder and the truss columns, giving the damping effect of earthquake and wind. The dampers are effective at reducing vibrations not only horizontally but also vertically. With respect to unexpected earthquakes,\u0000 this design is based on the concept of fail-safe, so as to ensure safety. Based on the idea above, large space structure with higher safety is realized using a simple structural system.","PeriodicalId":42855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41929768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.20898/j.iass.2023.016
Bingbing San, Wenhui Zhao, Ye Qiu, Shiwen Han
Focusing on the free-form reticulated shells with semi-rigid joints, a stability study is conducted in this paper. Firstly, the gradient-based optimization and genetic optimization are conducted respectively, by which the local optimal shell and the global shell are obtained. A parametrical non-linear stability analysis is performed on the local and global optimal reticulated shells using ANSYS. Then, the ultimate bearing capacity and instability modes of both shells are obtained. The semi-rigid joints are modelled by non-linear spring element, named COMBIN39. The effects of bending stiffness, torsional stiffness, initial geometrical imperfection and load cases are investigated.
{"title":"Stability Analysis of Free-Form Reticulated Shells With Semi-Rigid Joints","authors":"Bingbing San, Wenhui Zhao, Ye Qiu, Shiwen Han","doi":"10.20898/j.iass.2023.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20898/j.iass.2023.016","url":null,"abstract":"Focusing on the free-form reticulated shells with semi-rigid joints, a stability study is conducted in this paper. Firstly, the gradient-based optimization and genetic optimization are conducted respectively, by which the local optimal shell and the global shell are obtained. A parametrical\u0000 non-linear stability analysis is performed on the local and global optimal reticulated shells using ANSYS. Then, the ultimate bearing capacity and instability modes of both shells are obtained. The semi-rigid joints are modelled by non-linear spring element, named COMBIN39. The effects of\u0000 bending stiffness, torsional stiffness, initial geometrical imperfection and load cases are investigated.","PeriodicalId":42855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45833153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.20898/j.iass.2023.009
Zetao Zhao, Suduo Xue, X. Li
This paper proposed and studied the method of simplifying concrete substructures of the suspen-dome prototype structure in shaking table test scale model. Firstly, a method that replaces complex concrete substructures of the suspen-dome prototype structure with steel substructures in shaking table test scale model was proposed. And then, a dynamic integral scale model considering substructures was established. After that, the natural frequencies of the model were obtained by conducting white noise sweep test. Finally, the numerical scaled model was established by ABAQUS software, and the numerical model of the prototype structure was established by Midas/Gen software. The natural frequency, mode shape, and seismic response of the scale model were compared with the prototype structure. It is observed that the natural frequencies of the test scale model were very close to that of the prototype structure after considering the scale ratio, and the scaled model's first five modes were basically consistent with that of the prototype structure. Besides, the difference in acceleration response between the two modes is also small. It is proved that in shaking table test, the method of designing the integral scale model of replacing complex concrete substructures of the prototype structure with steel substructures is accurate and effective. The analysis results provides a reference for researchers and designers to more conveniently establish scaled models of suspen-dome structures in shaking table tests.
{"title":"Research on the Method of Simplifying Concrete Substructures of Suspen-Dome Prototype Structure in Shaking Table Test Scale Model","authors":"Zetao Zhao, Suduo Xue, X. Li","doi":"10.20898/j.iass.2023.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20898/j.iass.2023.009","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposed and studied the method of simplifying concrete substructures of the suspen-dome prototype structure in shaking table test scale model. Firstly, a method that replaces complex concrete substructures of the suspen-dome prototype structure with steel substructures in\u0000 shaking table test scale model was proposed. And then, a dynamic integral scale model considering substructures was established. After that, the natural frequencies of the model were obtained by conducting white noise sweep test. Finally, the numerical scaled model was established by ABAQUS\u0000 software, and the numerical model of the prototype structure was established by Midas/Gen software. The natural frequency, mode shape, and seismic response of the scale model were compared with the prototype structure. It is observed that the natural frequencies of the test scale model were\u0000 very close to that of the prototype structure after considering the scale ratio, and the scaled model's first five modes were basically consistent with that of the prototype structure. Besides, the difference in acceleration response between the two modes is also small. It is proved that in\u0000 shaking table test, the method of designing the integral scale model of replacing complex concrete substructures of the prototype structure with steel substructures is accurate and effective. The analysis results provides a reference for researchers and designers to more conveniently establish\u0000 scaled models of suspen-dome structures in shaking table tests.","PeriodicalId":42855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47413554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.20898/j.iass.2023.007
Z. Nagy, Z. Kiss, A. Kelemen, K. Bálint, Annabella Sánduly
The article presents the technical solutions implemented during the design of the roof trusses and the elliptic skylight structure (Figure. 1) for the extension of the "Shopping City Sibiu" commercial centre in Romania. The area of the roof structure was approximately 1600 sqm (29x56 m). In the central region of the roof, a 27 m long and 10 m wide elliptic skylight was placed. The challenges of the project arouse from the relatively large span of the structure, being supported only on 13 non-symmetrically placed perimeter concrete columns. Thus, the structure had to be designed in such a way, that it would support the extra 20 tones coming from the skylight structure, while also bring inside the natural light unobstructed by any main structural elements. The relatively large deformations between the supporting points of the skylight under variable loads (especially snow loads) can also have adverse effects on the glazing surface during operational phase. Due to this, also the serviceability limit state checks had an important role in the engineering calculations. The structural configuration steps with performed analyses on the partial structural models and on the complex 3D model were especially useful for the identification of the sensitive zones, helping to create the surface shape and develop adequate structural details. The paper summarizes the structural engineering challenges during the design and execution process.
{"title":"Case Study: Roof Truss Structure With Large Cut Out and Elliptic Glazing Surface","authors":"Z. Nagy, Z. Kiss, A. Kelemen, K. Bálint, Annabella Sánduly","doi":"10.20898/j.iass.2023.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20898/j.iass.2023.007","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the technical solutions implemented during the design of the roof trusses and the elliptic skylight structure (Figure. 1) for the extension of the \"Shopping City Sibiu\" commercial centre in Romania. The area of the roof structure was approximately 1600 sqm (29x56\u0000 m). In the central region of the roof, a 27 m long and 10 m wide elliptic skylight was placed. The challenges of the project arouse from the relatively large span of the structure, being supported only on 13 non-symmetrically placed perimeter concrete columns. Thus, the structure had to be\u0000 designed in such a way, that it would support the extra 20 tones coming from the skylight structure, while also bring inside the natural light unobstructed by any main structural elements. The relatively large deformations between the supporting points of the skylight under variable loads\u0000 (especially snow loads) can also have adverse effects on the glazing surface during operational phase. Due to this, also the serviceability limit state checks had an important role in the engineering calculations. The structural configuration steps with performed analyses on the partial structural\u0000 models and on the complex 3D model were especially useful for the identification of the sensitive zones, helping to create the surface shape and develop adequate structural details. The paper summarizes the structural engineering challenges during the design and execution process.","PeriodicalId":42855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44424077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.20898/j.iass.2023.008
Catherine Poirriez, Y. Bouzida
Pavilion Bukit Jalil Mall is a new high-end commercial development located in Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The main attraction of the mall is the piazza, an external event space covered by the Mega Canopy, a 115m span and 20 to 40m high freeform steel roof covered with ETFE, supporting fans, lights and exhibits and providing an aerated and impressive 80m to 100m column-free space for the visitors. Although complex, the geometry was generated to fully take into account the buildability and to facilitate the fabrication of the ETFE. Many services run on the structure - such as lighting cables, winches cables or fans cables. The structure was designed so that all the cables could be fully concealed within the columns and above the main arches to keep the services out of sight. Challenging supporting conditions made the structure highly prone to buckling and sway. Optimization of the columns layout and height enabled to reduce the sensitivity of the structure to buckling while keeping an elegant and lightweight structure.
Bukit Jalil Mall是位于马来西亚吉隆坡Bukit Jalil的一个新的高端商业开发项目。商场的主要景点是广场，这是一个由巨型天篷覆盖的外部活动空间，跨度为115米，高20至40米的自由形式钢屋顶覆盖着ETFE，支撑着风扇，灯光和展品，为游客提供了一个通风的，令人印象深刻的80米至100米的无柱空间。虽然复杂，但几何形状的生成充分考虑了可建造性，并促进了ETFE的制造。许多服务都在结构上运行-例如照明电缆，绞车电缆或风扇电缆。该结构的设计使所有的电缆都可以完全隐藏在柱子和主拱上方，以使服务远离视线。具有挑战性的支撑条件使结构极易发生屈曲和摇摆。优化了柱的布局和高度，降低了结构对屈曲的敏感性，同时保持了结构的优雅和轻量化。
{"title":"Geometry and Stability: Design and Construction of a 115m Span Freeform Roof in Kuala Lumpur","authors":"Catherine Poirriez, Y. Bouzida","doi":"10.20898/j.iass.2023.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20898/j.iass.2023.008","url":null,"abstract":"Pavilion Bukit Jalil Mall is a new high-end commercial development located in Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The main attraction of the mall is the piazza, an external event space covered by the Mega Canopy, a 115m span and 20 to 40m high freeform steel roof covered with ETFE,\u0000 supporting fans, lights and exhibits and providing an aerated and impressive 80m to 100m column-free space for the visitors. Although complex, the geometry was generated to fully take into account the buildability and to facilitate the fabrication of the ETFE. Many services run on the structure\u0000 - such as lighting cables, winches cables or fans cables. The structure was designed so that all the cables could be fully concealed within the columns and above the main arches to keep the services out of sight. Challenging supporting conditions made the structure highly prone to buckling\u0000 and sway. Optimization of the columns layout and height enabled to reduce the sensitivity of the structure to buckling while keeping an elegant and lightweight structure.","PeriodicalId":42855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67610464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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