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Programmable and Reconfigurable Surfaces with Kirigami-Inspired Bistable Elements 可编程和可重构表面与基里伽米启发的双稳态元素
IF 0.8 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.20898/j.iass.2021.013_2
Qian Zhang, Ning Pan, Jianguo Cai, Jian Feng
Active shaping and recovery are the important paths to reconfiguration and reuse of the structure, but only a few reconfiguration structures have been analyzed and explored, and their applicability also needs to be improved. Active shaping and recovery methods are proposed for the kirigami-inspired element with bistability and self- locking property in this paper. A rotationally symmetric kirigami pattern is designed with five geometric parameters at first. The finite element models are established to investigate the vertical tension and compression behavior. The bistability and self-locking behavior are analyzed systematically by the relation curves between strain energy, vertical and rotational displacement of the central square facet. The proposed active shaping method can be divided into the in-plane tension stage and the free deformation stage. Moreover, the key of the proposed active shaping method is the arrangement of the actuating position and the corresponding displacement and force, which are reported by parametric analysis. The recovery method is also put forward to make the model return from the folding stable state to the unfolding stable state. Besides, the cardboard model experiments are performed to verify the numerical analysis results, which is followed by the active shaping analysis of the surface with kirigami-inspired bistable elements. This principle opens a novel path to establish programmable and reconfigurable surface design systems with kirigami-inspired elements.
主动成形和主动回收是实现结构重构和重用的重要途径,但目前对重构结构的分析和探索较少,其适用性还有待提高。提出了具有双稳性和自锁性的基里伽米启发元件的主动整形和主动恢复方法。首先用5个几何参数设计了旋转对称的基利伽米图案。建立了有限元模型,研究了竖向拉压特性。通过应变能与中心方面的垂直位移和旋转位移之间的关系曲线,系统地分析了双稳性和自锁性。所提出的主动成形方法可分为面内拉伸阶段和自由变形阶段。此外,主动成形方法的关键是驱动位置的安排以及相应的位移和力,并通过参数分析报告。提出了恢复方法,使模型从折叠稳定状态恢复到展开稳定状态。此外,通过纸板模型实验验证了数值分析结果,并利用基里伽米启发的双稳元对曲面进行了主动整形分析。这一原理为建立可编程和可重构的表面设计系统开辟了一条新的途径。
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引用次数: 0
The Bridges of Eduardo Torroja Eduardo Torroja的桥梁
IF 0.8 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.20898/j.iass.2021.020
M. Schlaich
structure and form, which today is understood and admired as the art of engineering, "Baukultur". His work is often associated with his virtuoso handling of concrete as a building material and the construction of daring shell structures. But his diverse bridge structures have also written civil engineering history, which will be the focus of this article.
结构和形式,今天被理解和赞赏为工程艺术,“Baukultur”。他的作品常常与他对混凝土作为建筑材料的精湛处理和大胆的壳结构的建造有关。但他的各种桥梁结构也书写了土木工程的历史,这将是本文的重点。
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引用次数: 0
Study on Thermal Damage of Large-Span Ice Shell Structure Based on Thermal-Mechanical Coupling 基于热力耦合的大跨度冰壳结构热损伤研究
IF 0.8 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.20898/j.iass.2021.016_2
Xiuming Liu, Yuehua Wu, S. Shen
The large-span ice shell is a novel building style with the aid of inflatable formwork and water-spraying method. Ice material has strong temperature sensitivity, and the ice shell experiences complicated environmental conditions during the operation stage. A thermal-mechanical coupling analysis framework is presented to explore the thermal effect of the ice shell. The transient simulation method for the non-uniform temperature field is established. A thermoelastic damage model for fibre-reinforced ice is derived and the thermal damage analysis method is conducted. Subsequently, the non-uniform temperature field is mapped into the mechanical field of the ice shell structure to carry out the temperature effect and further evaluate the thermal damage. A large-span ice shell built in Harbin Ice and Snow World expounds the applicability of the proposed method in practice. The distribution of non-uniform temperature field on the ice shell is investigated and thermal damage is further studied.
大跨度冰壳是一种采用充气模板和喷水方式的新型建筑形式。冰材料具有很强的温度敏感性,冰壳在运行阶段经历了复杂的环境条件。提出了一个热-机械耦合分析框架来探索冰壳的热效应。建立了非均匀温度场的瞬态模拟方法。推导了纤维增强冰的热弹性损伤模型,并进行了热损伤分析。随后,将非均匀温度场映射到冰壳结构的力学场中,以进行温度效应,并进一步评估热损伤。哈尔滨冰雪大世界大跨度冰壳工程实例说明了该方法在实践中的适用性。研究了非均匀温度场在冰壳上的分布,并进一步研究了冰壳的热损伤。
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引用次数: 0
Cable Force Measurement Technology and Engineering Application 电缆力测量技术及工程应用
IF 0.8 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.20898/j.iass.2021.006
Juwei Xia, Yun-long Yao, Xiao-shun Wu, Yuan-hong Chen
With the continuous development of prestressing technology, cables have been widely used in structural engineering. A special concern in practical engineering is selecting the appropriate cable force measurement technology. This paper analyzes and introduces the principle of cable force measurement technology commonly used in current engineering from three aspects, namely, strain, vibration and wave fluctuation, and force balance. Combined with an actual project, the selection and arrangement of measuring points in the cable pre-tension measurement and other issues are discussed. The engineering example shows that the cable force measurement method based on FBG sensor presented in this paper can capture the action of each construction tensioning operations in real time and accurately. Monitoring the tension of the structure in real time is convenient for engineers and technician. The process is suitable for cable force monitoring during the construction tensioning stage. Furthermore, the EM sensor has good stability and durability and is suitable for long-term cable force monitoring.
随着预应力技术的不断发展,拉索在结构工程中得到了广泛的应用。在实际工程中,一个特别关注的问题是选择合适的索力测量技术。本文从应变、振动和波动、力平衡三个方面分析和介绍了当前工程中常用的索力测量技术的原理。结合实际工程,对电缆预张力测量中测点的选择和布置等问题进行了讨论。工程实例表明,本文提出的基于光纤光栅传感器的索力测量方法能够实时、准确地捕捉到各施工张拉操作的动作。实时监测结构的张力,方便工程技术人员。该工艺适用于施工张拉阶段的索力监测。此外,EM传感器具有良好的稳定性和耐用性,适合长期监测电缆力。
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引用次数: 1
Shaping Indeterminate Frames 塑造不确定的框架
IF 0.8 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.20898/j.iass.2021.011
P. Mayencourt, J. Ochsendorf, C. Mueller
The large impact of building structures on the environment must be reduced to meet the global targets fixed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Standard building structures with constant prismatic cross-section have material inefficiencies of around 66% (and up to 75% in some cases) that need to be addressed. Structural shaping, a subfield of shape optimization, offers a pathway to reduce the impact of building materials on the environment. Shaping statically determinate structures such as simply supported beams is relatively straightforward, but offers few design options compared to statically indeterminate structures. However, no methods provide an efficient way for designers to shape these systems according to their design intent or efficiency goals. Based on plasticity theory, this paper presents a shaping methodology to explore the design space of shaped indeterminate frame structures. The methodology is implemented in three case studies. In all the case studies, the methodology allows for the exploration of material-efficient yet diverse designs of shaped indeterminate frame structures. The implementation of this methodology can promote the use of structural shaping by offering more agency to structural designers to create diverse and efficient structural systems.
必须减少建筑结构对环境的巨大影响,以实现政府间气候变化专门委员会确定的全球目标。具有恒定棱柱横截面的标准建筑结构的材料效率约为66%(在某些情况下高达75%),需要加以解决。结构成型是形状优化的一个子领域,它为减少建筑材料对环境的影响提供了一条途径。成形静定结构(如简支梁)相对简单,但与静定结构相比,提供的设计选择很少。然而,没有任何方法为设计者提供根据其设计意图或效率目标来塑造这些系统的有效方式。基于塑性理论,本文提出了一种造型方法来探索异形超定框架结构的设计空间。该方法在三个案例研究中得到实施。在所有的案例研究中,该方法允许探索形状不确定框架结构的材料高效但多样的设计。这种方法的实施可以通过为结构设计师提供更多的代理来创建多样化和高效的结构系统,从而促进结构造型的使用。
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引用次数: 0
Prefabrication of a Thin Concrete Shell: The Case of St Kevin's Church in Dee Why, Australia 预制薄混凝土外壳:以澳大利亚迪瓦的圣凯文教堂为例
IF 0.8 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.20898/j.iass.2021.009
P. Stracchi
Location of Project: Dee Why, NSW, Australia Structural Type: Prefabricated thin concrete shell Project Scale: Length 30 m, width 15.5 m, height 12 m Owner/Client: Warringah Catholic Parish Architect: Gibbons & Gibbons Architects Structural Engineer: Concrete Industries Australia (Monier) Engineers Pty. Ltd. Construction: Concrete Industries Australia (Monier) Pty. Ltd. Construction year: 1961
项目地点:澳大利亚新南威尔士州Dee Why结构类型:预制混凝土薄壳项目规模:长30米,宽15.5米,高12米业主/客户:沃林加天主教教区建筑师:Gibbons&Gibbons Architects结构工程师:澳大利亚混凝土工业(莫尼尔)工程师私人有限公司。有限公司建筑:澳大利亚混凝土工业(莫尼尔)有限公司。有限公司建设年份:1961年
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引用次数: 0
Linear Buckling Analysis Considering No-compression Property of Metal Grid Shells Stiffened by Tension Braces 考虑张力支撑加筋金属网壳无压缩特性的线性屈曲分析
IF 0.8 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.20898/j.iass.2021.010
Kenji Yamamoto, H. Utebi
In order to analyze the buckling behavior of lattice shells stiffened by cables or slender braces without pre-tension, it is necessary to consider the no-compression property of braces. This paper proposes an innovative method of linear buckling analysis that considers the no-compression property of braces. Moreover, in order to examine the proposed method's validity, its results are compared with the results from a nonlinear buckling analysis with geometrical nonlinearity and material nonlinearity to express the no-compression property of braces. The results show that the proposed method can well-predict the buckling behaviors of lattice shells stiffened by tension braces.
为了分析无预应力索或细长支撑加筋的格构壳体的屈曲行为,有必要考虑支撑的无压缩特性。本文提出了一种考虑支撑无压缩特性的线性屈曲分析方法。此外,为了检验该方法的有效性,将其结果与具有几何非线性和材料非线性的非线性屈曲分析结果进行了比较,以表达支架的无压缩特性。结果表明,该方法能够很好地预测拉筋加筋格构壳体的屈曲行为。
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引用次数: 0
Next Generation Parametric Design 下一代参数化设计
IF 0.8 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.20898/j.iass.2021.018
J. Coenders
This paper presents a novel, next-generation, cloud-native parametric and associative platform for digital knowledge, services and automation, and the rationalisation behind the development of and the need for this platform in relation to the history of computational design and engineering, and the advantages and limitations of each step in this evolution: Computer Aided Design (CAD), Building Information Modelling (BIM), Finite Element Analysis (FEA), Parametric and Associative Design (PAD), Generative Design and programming approaches to design and engineering. The paper discusses some of the key functionalities in relation to why they are useful as a next step in the digital transformation of the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry. The paper concludes with some of the challenges for the near future of this platform.
本文介绍了一个新的、下一代的云原生参数化和关联平台,用于数字知识、服务和自动化,以及该平台的开发背后的合理化和与计算设计和工程历史相关的需求,以及这一发展中每一步的优势和局限性:计算机辅助设计(CAD),建筑信息建模(BIM)、有限元分析(FEA)、参数化和关联设计(PAD)、生成设计以及设计和工程的编程方法。本文讨论了一些关键功能,以及它们作为建筑、工程和施工(AEC)行业数字化转型的下一步有用的原因。本文最后介绍了该平台在不久的将来面临的一些挑战。
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引用次数: 2
Shape Generation of Bending-Active Braced Arches Based on Elastica Curves 基于弹性曲线的主动弯曲支撑拱形状生成
IF 0.8 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.20898/j.iass.2021.016
Juan Bessini, Salvador Monleón, J. Casanova, C. Lázaro
The active bending concept provides a new perspective for a well-established structural type which has been used at various scales: the beam-string, consisting of a beam with an attached lower tie in tension and bracing struts balancing the forces between them. The idea goes back to the gutter beams of the Crystal Palace and has been widely used to the present for large-scale structures. When a slender beam is used, the tension in the tie induces curvature in the beam and increases the structural depth of the system; this opens new formal possibilities and results in lightweight structures at the expense of increasing their overall flexibility. Systems of this kind fall within the realm of active bending. We name them bending-active braced arches. The target shape of the system follows the tensioning process and needs to be pre-determined by means of a specific analysis, typically involving dynamic relaxation or optimization-based methods. In this paper, we propose an analytical method to generate shapes for bending-active braced arches. It assumes that each segment of the activated rod between deviators behaves as a segment of elastica; this enables the use of closed-form expressions to evaluate the shape and induced stress level in the active member. Taking advantage of this idea, it is possible to devise a procedure to carry out the shaping process in a sequential way by adequately choosing the design parameters. When alternative choices for the parameters are selected, the problem becomes non-linear and can be solved using suitable techniques. Some examples with different design constraints have been reproduced to illustrate the possibilities of the method.
主动弯曲概念为一种已在各种规模上使用的成熟结构类型提供了一个新的视角:梁柱,由一根带有张力下拉杆的梁和平衡它们之间力的支撑支柱组成。这个想法可以追溯到水晶宫的排水沟梁,并被广泛用于现在的大型结构。当使用细长梁时,拉杆中的张力会导致梁弯曲,并增加系统的结构深度;这开启了新的形式可能性,并以增加整体灵活性为代价,实现了轻量级结构。这类系统属于主动弯曲的范畴。我们将其命名为弯曲主动支撑拱。系统的目标形状遵循张紧过程,并且需要通过具体分析来预先确定,通常包括动态松弛或基于优化的方法。在本文中,我们提出了一种分析方法来生成弯曲主动支撑拱的形状。它假设被激活的杆在转向器之间的每一段表现为弹性体的一段;这使得能够使用闭合形式表达式来评估活动构件中的形状和诱导应力水平。利用这一思想,可以通过充分选择设计参数来设计一种以顺序方式执行成形过程的程序。当参数的替代选择被选择时,问题变得非线性,并且可以使用合适的技术来解决。重现了一些具有不同设计约束的例子,以说明该方法的可能性。
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引用次数: 1
Computational Modeling and Energy Absorption Behavior of Thin-Walled Tubes with the Kresling Origami Pattern Kresling折纸图案薄壁管的计算建模和能量吸收行为
IF 0.8 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.20898/j.iass.2021.008
Jiaqiang Li, Yao Chen, Xiaodong Feng, Jian Feng, Pooya Sareh
Origami structures have been widely used in various engineering fields due to their desirable properties such as geometric transformability and high specific energy absorption. Based on the Kresling origami pattern, this study proposes a type of thin-walled origami tube the structural configuration of which is found by a mixed-integer linear programming model. Using finite element analysis, a reasonable configuration of a thin-walled tube with the Kresling pattern is firstly analyzed. Then, the influences of different material properties, the rotation angle of the upper and lower sections of the tube unit, and cross-sectional shapes on the energy absorption behavior of the thin-walled tubes under axial compression are evaluated. The results show that the symmetric thin-walled tube with the Kresling pattern is a reasonable choice for energy absorption purposes. Compared with thin-walled prismatic tubes, the thin-walled tube with the Kresling pattern substantially reduces the initial peak force and the average crushing force, without significantly reducing its energy absorption capacity; moreover, it enters the plastic energy dissipation stage ahead of time, giving it a superior energy absorption performance. Besides, the material properties, rotation angle, and cross-sectional shape have considerable influences on its energy absorption performance. The results provide a basis for the application of the Kresling origami pattern in the design of thin-walled energy-absorbingstructures.
折纸结构由于具有几何可变换性和高比能吸收等优良性能,在工程领域得到了广泛的应用。基于Kresling折纸模式,本文提出了一种薄壁折纸管的结构构型,该结构构型采用混合整数线性规划模型求解。首先利用有限元分析方法,对具有Kresling花纹的薄壁管的合理结构进行了分析。在此基础上,分析了不同材料性能、管单元上下段转角和截面形状对轴压下薄壁管吸能性能的影响。结果表明,采用Kresling型对称薄壁管作为吸能材料是一种合理的选择。与棱柱形薄壁管相比,Kresling型薄壁管的初始峰值力和平均破碎力明显降低,但吸能能力没有明显降低;并且提前进入塑性耗能阶段,具有优越的吸能性能。此外,材料性能、旋转角度和截面形状对吸能性能有较大影响。研究结果为Kresling折纸图案在薄壁吸能结构设计中的应用提供了依据。
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引用次数: 36
期刊
Journal of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures
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