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A perfect match? A semiotic analysis of the wife figure in four early picaresque novels 一对绝配?四部早期流浪小说中妻子形象的符号学分析
IF 1 2区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.1515/jls-2023-2006
Luigi Gussago
Abstract Picaresque fiction, or the so-called tale of roguery, focuses mainly on the adventures of a male protagonist. Although women characters rarely take the lead, they mark significant transitions in the narrative syntax. Mothers, wives, and lovers reject stereotypical role models and are invested with the potential of initiating the picaro to his life stages. This study will concentrate on the wife as a catalyst of semiotic value beyond her appointed role, exploring a corpus of four works published between 1554 and 1626: Lazarillo de Tormes, The Unfortunate Traveller, Guzmán de Alfarache, and El Buscón. In these narratives, wives oppose their fate of pure Objects in a conjugal contract, and become Subjects, Antagonists or Destinators, assertive “actants” (Greimas) in the semiotic grammar of narrative. My purpose is to re-evaluate, in deep-structure narrative terms, the significance of women characters in the largely male-centred, misogynist picaresque.
摘要皮卡雷斯小说,或所谓的无赖故事,主要集中在一个男性主人公的冒险。尽管女性角色很少担任主角,但她们标志着叙事语法的重大转变。母亲、妻子和爱人拒绝刻板的榜样,并有可能将皮卡罗带入他的人生阶段。这项研究将集中于妻子作为她指定角色之外符号价值的催化剂,探索1554年至1626年间出版的四部作品的语料库:《Lazarillo de Tormes》、《不幸的旅行者》、《Guzmán de Alfarache》和《El Buscón》。在这些叙事中,妻子在婚姻契约中反对他们作为纯粹对象的命运,并成为叙事符号语法中的主体、反主或目的地、自信的“行为体”(Greimas)。我的目的是从深层结构叙事的角度重新评估女性角色在这个以男性为中心、厌恶女性的流浪汉中的意义。
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引用次数: 0
Text World Theory and situation-model research: enhancing validity and tracking world-retrievals 文本世界理论和情境模型研究:提高有效性和追踪世界检索
IF 1 2区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.1515/jls-2023-2002
A. Gibbons
Abstract When Paul Werth invented the concept of ‘text-worlds’ (1999), he drew on existing psychological accounts of how the mind processes stimuli, such as the idea of the ‘situation model’ (van Dijk and Kintsch 1983). Yet despite the important advancements to Werth’s approach that have been made in stylistics over the years, situation-model research is rarely, if ever, referenced in what is now called Text World Theory (Gavins 2007). In this article, I consult empirical research on situation models, consequently making two significant contributions: I show how empirical situation-model research bolsters the validity of Text World Theory; I propose a new concept for Text World Theory—‘world-retrieval’—to account for how readers trace the interconnections between text-worlds and attempt to resolve processing difficulties. An analysis of the opening to Ray Loriga’s (2003) novel Tokyo Doesn’t Love Us Anymore demonstrates the value of the ‘world-retrieval’ concept.
当Paul Werth发明了“文本世界”(1999)的概念时,他借鉴了现有的关于大脑如何处理刺激的心理学理论,比如“情境模型”(van Dijk and Kintsch 1983)。然而,尽管多年来在文体学方面取得了Werth方法的重要进展,情境模型研究很少被引用,如果有的话,现在被称为文本世界理论(Gavins 2007)。在本文中,我参考了情境模型的实证研究,从而做出了两个重要的贡献:我展示了实证情境模型研究如何支持文本世界理论的有效性;我为文本世界理论提出了一个新概念——“世界检索”——来解释读者如何追踪文本世界之间的相互联系,并试图解决处理困难。对雷·洛里加(Ray Loriga, 2003)小说《东京不再爱我们》(Tokyo Doesn ' t Love Us Anymore)开头的分析表明了“世界检索”概念的价值。
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引用次数: 0
Frame shifting and fictive motion in Shelley’s poetic sublime 雪莱诗歌崇高中的移格与虚构运动
IF 1 2区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1515/jls-2022-2054
M. Bruhn
Abstract In a key article on “Foregrounding and the sublime” (2007), David S. Miall outlined a stylistic as opposed to representational approach to the sublime in verbal art, focusing not on the object or scene that provokes sublime experience but instead on forms of poetic language that may evoke an analogously sublime experience in the reader. Miall theorized that such forms would be foregrounding devices, and his analysis of Percy Shelley’s epistolary and verse accounts of Mont Blanc identified four such devices in particular: explicit discourse of defamiliarization, deviant syntax, ultimately unimaginable images, and mind-nature blending through deictic shifts. In honor of David, this article imitates his method in order to (a) redefine the fourth of these devices in more general terms of spatial reference frame shifting and (b) nominate fictive motion constructions as a fifth foregrounding device in Shelley’s poetic sublime.
在一篇关于“前景与崇高”(2007)的重要文章中,David S. Miall概述了一种与语言艺术中崇高的具象性相反的风格方法,不关注激发崇高体验的对象或场景,而是关注可能在读者中唤起类似崇高体验的诗歌语言形式。米尔从理论上认为,这种形式将是前景装置,他对珀西·雪莱关于勃朗峰的书信体和诗歌的分析特别确定了四种这样的装置:明确的陌生化话语,偏离的句法,最终难以想象的图像,以及通过指示转换的心性融合。为了向大卫致敬,本文模仿他的方法,以期:(a)从更一般的空间参考框架转换的角度重新定义第四种方法,(b)将有效运动结构作为雪莱诗歌崇高中的第五种前景手段。
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引用次数: 0
Mind-modelling literary personas 塑造文学人物形象
IF 1 2区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-09-29 DOI: 10.1515/jls-2022-2056
P. Stockwell
Abstract This article takes its cue from David Miall’s influential 2011 paper, ‘Enacting the other: towards an aesthetics of feeling in literary reading’, in Elisabeth Schellekens and Peter Goldie (eds) The Aesthetic Mind: Philosophy and Psychology, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 285–298. There, Miall considers the workings of readerly empathy with fictional people. He draws on work from philosophy, psychology, cognitive poetics, and both empirical and textual analysis to explore the complexities of how real readerly minds interact with fictional minds and the minds of real but remote authors. In this article, I revisit these arguments with the benefit of recent insights into the cognition of fictional minds. The key mechanism underlying characterisation, empathy, hostility, and engagement, I argue, is mind-modelling. With its origins in Theory of Mind, but extrapolated far from that simple phenomenon, mind-modelling captures the aesthetic and ethical relationships between minds both fictional and natural. I consider literary reading as a broader ecosystem: the reading mind as being embodied, enacted, and extended to include the imagined authorial mind. In recognition of Miall’s literary critical work, I will present a particular example from the poem ‘Ode on a Grecian Urn’ by John Keats – not only for the analytical demonstration but also in order to show the echoes between Romantic notions of holistic engagement with nature and recent work in cognition and literature. The analysis suggests a solution to a literary critical debate around its ending. An approach situated in mind-modelling offers a principled exploration of both fictional, poetic minds as well as authorial positioning.
摘要本文来源于David Miall 2011年发表在Elisabeth Schellekens和Peter Goldie(编辑)《审美心灵:哲学与心理学》(the Aesthetic Mind:Philosophy and Psychology)上的一篇颇具影响力的论文《创造另一种:走向文学阅读中的情感美学》,牛津:牛津大学出版社,第285–298页。在那里,Miall思考了与虚构人物的现成同理心的运作方式。他借鉴了哲学、心理学、认知诗学以及实证和文本分析的成果,探索了真实的阅读思维如何与虚构思维以及真实但遥远的作者的思维互动的复杂性。在这篇文章中,我重新审视了这些论点,并借鉴了最近对虚构思维认知的见解。我认为,表征、同理心、敌意和参与的关键机制是思维模型。心智模型起源于《心智理论》,但与这一简单现象相去甚远,它捕捉到了虚构和自然心智之间的美学和伦理关系。我认为文学阅读是一个更广泛的生态系统:阅读思维被体现、实施和扩展,包括想象中的作者思维。为了表彰Miall的文学批评作品,我将举一个约翰·济慈的诗歌《希腊瓮颂》中的特定例子——不仅是为了进行分析论证,也是为了展示浪漫主义与自然的整体接触概念与最近的认知和文学作品之间的呼应。该分析为围绕其结局展开的文学批评辩论提供了解决方案。一种基于心理建模的方法提供了对虚构、诗意心理以及作者定位的原则性探索。
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引用次数: 0
Bodily involvement in readers’ online book reviews: applying Text World Theory to examine absorption in unprompted reader response 读者在线书评中的身体参与:应用文本世界理论研究读者无意识反应中的吸收
IF 1 2区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-09-29 DOI: 10.1515/jls-2022-2055
M. Kuijpers
Abstract David Miall was, for many scholars, the person welcoming them into the field of empirical literary studies. The research he conducted together with Don Kuiken on the effects of stylistic features on reading, with a central role for (self-modifying) feeling (cf. Miall, David S. & Don Kuiken. 1994. Foregrounding, defamiliarization, and affect: Response to literary stories. Poetics 22(5). 389–407) has been the inspirational foundation for much of the research conducted in this and other fields, such as cognitive poetics. By combining methods from traditional literary reading (such as close reading), with methods more commonly used in psychology (such as experimental designs and self-report questionnaires), he gave new depth to the concept of reader response research (Whiteley, Sara & Patricia Canning. 2017. Reader response research in stylistics. Language and Literature 26(2). 71–87), concerning himself with actual readers’ testimonials. In honour of David, this paper will present a close reading, not of a literary text, but of a particular reader testimonial, namely an online book review. By applying a close reading informed by Text World Theory, I attempt to show how the social context in which this review was written influenced the expression of narrative absorption the reader experienced during reading. Consequently, I argue for an expansion not just of the methodological toolbox we use to investigate absorption in online social reading, but for an expansion of the concept of story world absorption itself.
摘要对许多学者来说,大卫·米奥尔是欢迎他们进入实证文学研究领域的人。他与唐·库伊肯共同进行的关于文体特征对阅读的影响的研究,其核心作用是(自我修饰)感觉(参见Miall,David S.&Don Kuiken.1994)。前景化、陌生化和情感:对文学故事的回应。诗学22(5)。389–407)一直是这一领域和其他领域(如认知诗学)许多研究的灵感基础。通过将传统文学阅读(如细读)的方法与心理学中更常用的方法(如实验设计和自我报告问卷)相结合,他为读者反应研究的概念提供了新的深度(Whiteley,Sara和Patricia Canning,2017)。文体学中的读者反应研究。语言与文学26(2)。71–87),与实际读者的感言有关。为了纪念大卫,本文将进行一次细读,不是对文学文本的细读,而是对一篇特定的读者感言,即在线书评的细读。通过运用文本世界理论的细读,我试图展示这篇评论所处的社会背景如何影响读者在阅读过程中所体验到的叙事吸收的表达。因此,我不仅主张扩大我们用来研究在线社交阅读吸收的方法工具箱,而且主张扩大故事世界吸收本身的概念。
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引用次数: 1
Postscript Mark J. Bruhn 后记马克·J·布鲁恩
IF 1 2区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-09-29 DOI: 10.1515/jls-2022-2058
W. van Peer
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引用次数: 0
Virdis, Daniela Francesca, Elisabetta Zurru & Ernestine Lahey,Language in place: stylistic perspectives on landscape, place and environment Virdis, Daniela Francesca, Elisabetta Zurru & Ernestine Lahey,《场所语言:景观、场所和环境的风格视角》
IF 1 2区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-09-29 DOI: 10.1515/jls-2022-2059
Anne Furlong
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引用次数: 0
Introduction: the art of sweet persuasion. David Miall’s life and work 导言:甜蜜说服的艺术。大卫·米尔的生活和工作
IF 1 2区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-09-29 DOI: 10.1515/jls-2022-2052
W. van Peer
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引用次数: 0
Operationalizing perpetrator studies. Focusing readers’ reactions to The Kindly Ones by Jonathan Littell 实施犯罪者研究。聚焦读者对乔纳森·利特尔《善良的人》的反应
IF 1 2区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-09-29 DOI: 10.1515/jls-2022-2057
Julia de Jonge, Serena Demichelis, S. Rebora, M. Salgaro
Abstract Within the field of Holocaust Studies the last decade has witnessed a turn to the figure of the perpetrator, who had hitherto received little attention due to ethical, legal and psychological reasons. A similar turn can also be observed in connection with the study of empathy. In this context, the concept of “negative empathy,” intended as a sharing of emotions with morally negative fictional characters, has become an increasingly discussed topic. For research in this area, the novel The Kindly Ones (2006) by Jonathan Littell takes up a privileged position in light of its intrinsic literary quality and due to its commercial and critical success. This novel recounts the memories of an SS-officer, Maximilian Aue, who participated in the Shoah. We have carried out an experiment using some passages of this novel to test the empathic reactions of (104) readers. Passages were presented under either of two conditions: as a fictional text or as part of an autobiography. Results showed that fictionalization has a significant effect on moral disengagement; readers who read the narrative presented to them as fictional experienced higher levels of moral disengagement compared to readers in the autobiography condition. Moreover, higher levels of moral disengagement led to significantly higher levels of empathy for the protagonist of the novel.
在大屠杀研究领域,过去十年目睹了对肇事者形象的转向,由于伦理、法律和心理原因,肇事者迄今很少受到关注。在同理心的研究中也可以观察到类似的转变。在这种背景下,“消极共情”的概念,即与道德上消极的虚构人物分享情感,已经成为越来越多的讨论话题。对于这一领域的研究,乔纳森·利特尔的小说《善良的人》(2006)由于其内在的文学品质以及商业和评论界的成功,占据了一个特殊的位置。这部小说讲述了一名党卫军军官马克西米利安·奥韦的回忆,他参加了大屠杀。我们用这本小说的一些段落进行了一项实验,来测试读者的移情反应。段落在两种情况下呈现:作为虚构文本或作为自传的一部分。结果表明,小说化对道德脱离有显著影响;与阅读自传的读者相比,阅读虚构故事的读者经历了更高水平的道德脱离。此外,更高水平的道德脱离导致对小说主人公的同理心水平显著提高。
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引用次数: 2
The affective allure – a phenomenological dialogue with David Miall’s studies of foregrounding and feeling 情感诱惑——与大卫·米尔前景与情感研究的现象学对话
IF 1 2区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-09-29 DOI: 10.1515/jls-2022-2053
Paul Sopcak, Don Kuiken
Abstract This paper attempts to rescue the notion of foregrounding from the prevailing focus on defamiliarization. It does so by engaging in a phenomenological dialogue with David Miall’s account of foregrounding and feeling and Viktor Shklovsky’s discussion of literary device and aesthetic function. In particular, it contextualizes Miall’s proposal of the response to foregrounding as a feeling-guided process involving boundary crossings, a defamiliarization-refamiliarization cycle, and self-transformative feelings within Husserl’s philosophical analysis of sense constitution. Miall’s feeling explorations and explications find their counterpart in Husserl’s active egoic turning toward the affective allure and enticement of affective resonances. Using Miall’s work as a touchstone, some frequently overlooked aspects of Shklovsky’s conception of ostranenie are clarified by drawing on Husserl’s notions of the natural attitude, active and passive synthesis, affective allure, expressive explication, and awakenings.
摘要本文试图从对陌生化的普遍关注中拯救前景化的概念。它通过与大卫·米奥尔对前景和感觉的描述以及维克托·什克洛夫斯基对文学手法和美学功能的讨论进行现象学对话来做到这一点。特别是,在胡塞尔对感觉构成的哲学分析中,它将Miall提出的对前景化的反应视为一个情感引导的过程,包括边界的跨越、陌生化-再熟悉化循环和自我变革的情感。Miall的情感探索和阐释在胡塞尔积极的自我转向情感共鸣的情感诱惑和诱惑中找到了对应点。以米奥尔的作品为试金石,通过借鉴胡塞尔关于自然态度、主动和被动综合、情感诱惑、表达阐释和觉醒的概念,阐明了什克洛夫斯基的排斥概念中一些经常被忽视的方面。
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引用次数: 1
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JOURNAL OF LITERARY SEMANTICS
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