A 12-year-old African female presented with a 6-year history of relatively asymptomatic umbilical lesions. On clinical examination, the lesions were papillomatous, violaceous nodules and translucent papules with a serosanguineous discharge. The lesions emanated from the umbilicus and extended peri-umbilically. Histopathology confirmed a lymphangioma and MRI and CT imaging revealed multiple intra-abdominal lymphatic malformations. The patient was referred to plastic surgery for further management. Due to the extent of involvement, surgical resection was an option but currently the therapeutic approach is sclerotherapy with bleomycin.
{"title":"Peri-Umbilical Lymphangioma Circumscriptum Associated with Intra-Abdominal Lymphatic Malformations","authors":"Bhavna P Singh, K. Hoosen","doi":"10.1159/000496387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000496387","url":null,"abstract":"A 12-year-old African female presented with a 6-year history of relatively asymptomatic umbilical lesions. On clinical examination, the lesions were papillomatous, violaceous nodules and translucent papules with a serosanguineous discharge. The lesions emanated from the umbilicus and extended peri-umbilically. Histopathology confirmed a lymphangioma and MRI and CT imaging revealed multiple intra-abdominal lymphatic malformations. The patient was referred to plastic surgery for further management. Due to the extent of involvement, surgical resection was an option but currently the therapeutic approach is sclerotherapy with bleomycin.","PeriodicalId":42885,"journal":{"name":"Dermatopathology","volume":"6 1","pages":"105 - 110"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000496387","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47873525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Melanocytic nevi are frequent cutaneous lesions with a large variation of morphological features, including pseudoglandular formation, which has rarely been described in the literature and remains of uncertain biological and clinical significance. We report a case of benign compound melanocytic nevus, with a dermal component showing an epithelioid proliferation arranged in small nests with central lumen-like structures mimicking glands. Immunohistochemical staining was necessary to determine the exact nature of the proliferation, since the tubular differentiation can be seen in benign and malignant epithelial neoplasms and has to be clearly identified to avoid misdiagnosis.
{"title":"A Case of Compound Nevus with Intradermal Pseudoglandular Features: A Rare Variant and Possible Pitfall","authors":"M. Maillard, Listette Stucki, G. Kaya","doi":"10.1159/000500400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000500400","url":null,"abstract":"Melanocytic nevi are frequent cutaneous lesions with a large variation of morphological features, including pseudoglandular formation, which has rarely been described in the literature and remains of uncertain biological and clinical significance. We report a case of benign compound melanocytic nevus, with a dermal component showing an epithelioid proliferation arranged in small nests with central lumen-like structures mimicking glands. Immunohistochemical staining was necessary to determine the exact nature of the proliferation, since the tubular differentiation can be seen in benign and malignant epithelial neoplasms and has to be clearly identified to avoid misdiagnosis.","PeriodicalId":42885,"journal":{"name":"Dermatopathology","volume":"6 1","pages":"41 - 44"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000500400","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46050020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 2013, a novel thermally dimorphic fungal pathogen was described to cause disseminated disease among persons living with advanced HIV/AIDS in South Africa. Although the organism was initially described as an Emmonsia-like fungus, it is now known to belong to a new genus of thermally dimorphic fungi and was recently named Emergomyces africanus. There is considerable clinical and histopathological overlap between emergomycosis and histoplasmosis. This review addresses taxonomic, clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of Es. africanus disease, a condition which has, to date, only been reported from southern Africa.
{"title":"Emergomycosis (Emergomyces africanus) in Advanced HIV Disease","authors":"N. Govender, W. Grayson","doi":"10.1159/000495405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000495405","url":null,"abstract":"In 2013, a novel thermally dimorphic fungal pathogen was described to cause disseminated disease among persons living with advanced HIV/AIDS in South Africa. Although the organism was initially described as an Emmonsia-like fungus, it is now known to belong to a new genus of thermally dimorphic fungi and was recently named Emergomyces africanus. There is considerable clinical and histopathological overlap between emergomycosis and histoplasmosis. This review addresses taxonomic, clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of Es. africanus disease, a condition which has, to date, only been reported from southern Africa.","PeriodicalId":42885,"journal":{"name":"Dermatopathology","volume":"6 1","pages":"63 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000495405","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48826520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many cutaneous complications have been described in patients treated with cyclosporin. Alterations of the pilosebaceous unit such as hypertrichosis are particularly frequent. However, the occurrence of sebaceous hyperplasia is exceptional. These lesions seem to be specific to cyclosporin rather than secondary to immunosuppression. Here, we report an exceptional case of eruptive and disseminated sebaceous hyperplasia arising in a bone marrow transplant recipient only a few months after starting immunosuppressive treatment with cyclosporin.
{"title":"Multiple Eruptive Sebaceous Hyperplasia Secondary to Cyclosporin in a Patient with Bone Marrow Transplantation","authors":"Bégonia Cortès, G. Kaya","doi":"10.1159/000452330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000452330","url":null,"abstract":"Many cutaneous complications have been described in patients treated with cyclosporin. Alterations of the pilosebaceous unit such as hypertrichosis are particularly frequent. However, the occurrence of sebaceous hyperplasia is exceptional. These lesions seem to be specific to cyclosporin rather than secondary to immunosuppression. Here, we report an exceptional case of eruptive and disseminated sebaceous hyperplasia arising in a bone marrow transplant recipient only a few months after starting immunosuppressive treatment with cyclosporin.","PeriodicalId":42885,"journal":{"name":"Dermatopathology","volume":"3 1","pages":"79 - 82"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2016-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000452330","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65166513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: T-cadherin is an atypical glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored member of the cadherin superfamily of adhesion molecules. The role of T-cadherin in biology of the skin is poorly understood. Expression of T-cadherin in basal keratinocytes and dermal blood vessels of the healthy epidermis has been demonstrated, but studies on expression in skin appendages are rare. Methods: We conducted an immunohistochemical analysis of T-cadherin expression in the epidermis and adnexal structures of normal skin. Results: T-cadherin expression is restricted to basal keratinocytes of the epidermis. The basal cell layer of sebaceous glands was T-cadherin positive, whereas sebocytes were negative. Within apocrine glands, only myoepithelial cells were T-cadherin positive. In contrast, both the secretory coils and excretory ducts of eccrine glands were T-cadherin positive. In terminal hair follicles, the outer root sheath layers strongly expressed T-cadherin throughout different regions of the follicle, with the strongest immunoreactivity at the bulge and suprabulbar regions. T-cadherin and CK15 stem cell marker similarly localized within the bulge and suprabulbar region. T-cadherin and CD34 stem cell marker similarly localized at the suprabulbar level. Conclusion: The specific patterns of T-cadherin expression in the epidermis and adnexal structures suggest an important guardian role in skin homeostasis.
{"title":"T-Cadherin Expression in the Epidermis and Adnexal Structures of Normal Skin","authors":"S. Buechner, P. Erne, T. Resink","doi":"10.1159/000451024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000451024","url":null,"abstract":"Background: T-cadherin is an atypical glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored member of the cadherin superfamily of adhesion molecules. The role of T-cadherin in biology of the skin is poorly understood. Expression of T-cadherin in basal keratinocytes and dermal blood vessels of the healthy epidermis has been demonstrated, but studies on expression in skin appendages are rare. Methods: We conducted an immunohistochemical analysis of T-cadherin expression in the epidermis and adnexal structures of normal skin. Results: T-cadherin expression is restricted to basal keratinocytes of the epidermis. The basal cell layer of sebaceous glands was T-cadherin positive, whereas sebocytes were negative. Within apocrine glands, only myoepithelial cells were T-cadherin positive. In contrast, both the secretory coils and excretory ducts of eccrine glands were T-cadherin positive. In terminal hair follicles, the outer root sheath layers strongly expressed T-cadherin throughout different regions of the follicle, with the strongest immunoreactivity at the bulge and suprabulbar regions. T-cadherin and CK15 stem cell marker similarly localized within the bulge and suprabulbar region. T-cadherin and CD34 stem cell marker similarly localized at the suprabulbar level. Conclusion: The specific patterns of T-cadherin expression in the epidermis and adnexal structures suggest an important guardian role in skin homeostasis.","PeriodicalId":42885,"journal":{"name":"Dermatopathology","volume":"63 1","pages":"68 - 78"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2016-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000451024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65151483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emily L. Behrens, Christine E. Jabcuga, J. Gardner, S. Parker, D. Parker
Syringolymphoid hyperplasia (SLH) is an extremely rare histopathological entity with fewer than 40 cases reported in the literature. SLH have been seen as both benign lesions and in association with T-cell lymphoproliferative lesions. A 20-year-old male presented with a solitary, infiltrated plaque on the left cheek initially diagnosed as a sebaceous carcinoma at an external institution. A repeat biopsy demonstrated prominent follicular mucinosis (FM), squamous metaplasia of the eccrine coils, and a moderately dense perieccrine lymphocytic infiltrate mimicking eccrine carcinoma. The lesion was subsequently diagnosed as SLH with associated FM, an entity that has been previously reported in 12 cases, including this current case. This case highlights the characteristic features of a rare entity, emphasizes the potential for misdiagnosis of SLH, and adds to the current series of SLH described in the literature.
{"title":"A Case of Syringolymphoid Hyperplasia with Follicular Mucinosis","authors":"Emily L. Behrens, Christine E. Jabcuga, J. Gardner, S. Parker, D. Parker","doi":"10.1159/000445051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000445051","url":null,"abstract":"Syringolymphoid hyperplasia (SLH) is an extremely rare histopathological entity with fewer than 40 cases reported in the literature. SLH have been seen as both benign lesions and in association with T-cell lymphoproliferative lesions. A 20-year-old male presented with a solitary, infiltrated plaque on the left cheek initially diagnosed as a sebaceous carcinoma at an external institution. A repeat biopsy demonstrated prominent follicular mucinosis (FM), squamous metaplasia of the eccrine coils, and a moderately dense perieccrine lymphocytic infiltrate mimicking eccrine carcinoma. The lesion was subsequently diagnosed as SLH with associated FM, an entity that has been previously reported in 12 cases, including this current case. This case highlights the characteristic features of a rare entity, emphasizes the potential for misdiagnosis of SLH, and adds to the current series of SLH described in the literature.","PeriodicalId":42885,"journal":{"name":"Dermatopathology","volume":"3 1","pages":"28 - 35"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2016-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000445051","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65057333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rastine Merat, Ildiko Szalay‐Quinodoz, E. Laffitte, G. Kaya
Psammomatous melanotic schwannoma (PMS) is a rare pigmented tumor that can be part of the Carney complex. Here, we describe the case of a 35-year-old female patient presenting an isolated subcutaneous PMS. Histopathological analysis could not formally exclude the malignant nature of the tumor. The challenging histological diagnosis and consequently the management of the patient are described.
{"title":"Psammomatous Melanotic Schwannoma: A Challenging Histological Diagnosis","authors":"Rastine Merat, Ildiko Szalay‐Quinodoz, E. Laffitte, G. Kaya","doi":"10.1159/000442708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000442708","url":null,"abstract":"Psammomatous melanotic schwannoma (PMS) is a rare pigmented tumor that can be part of the Carney complex. Here, we describe the case of a 35-year-old female patient presenting an isolated subcutaneous PMS. Histopathological analysis could not formally exclude the malignant nature of the tumor. The challenging histological diagnosis and consequently the management of the patient are described.","PeriodicalId":42885,"journal":{"name":"Dermatopathology","volume":"2 1","pages":"67 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2015-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000442708","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64984816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Polat Ekinci, Sule Ozturk Sari, N. Buyukbabani, C. Baykal
Nevoid hyperkeratosis of the nipple and areola (NHNA) is a rare clinicopathological entity showing persistent and strictly localized hyperkeratotic lesions of the nipple, areola or both with unknown etiopathogenesis. A similar clinical appearance may also be seen in different diseases with specific histopathological features. There are a few anecdotal reports on the association of NHNA with mycosis fungoides (MF), but they do not describe a uniform condition. In this report, we present 3 patients with hyperkeratotic lesions of the nipple and areola associated with MF but showing different histopathological features. We also review similar cases in the literature and discuss possibilities concerning this association. Two of our cases represent the association between MF and NHNA without histopathological features of MF on the nipple-areola complex. The other case represents hyperkeratosis of the nipple and areola with specific histological and immunohistochemical features of MF. Hence, we would like to hypothesize that MF may involve the nipple and areola and have an appearance similar to NHNA. Intriguingly, however, NHNA may occasionally also be seen in association with MF. However, this peculiar association requires further explanation.
{"title":"The Dilemma of Coexisting Nevoid Hyperkeratosis of the Nipple and Areola in Mycosis Fungoides: A Report of Three Cases","authors":"A. Polat Ekinci, Sule Ozturk Sari, N. Buyukbabani, C. Baykal","doi":"10.1159/000441618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000441618","url":null,"abstract":"Nevoid hyperkeratosis of the nipple and areola (NHNA) is a rare clinicopathological entity showing persistent and strictly localized hyperkeratotic lesions of the nipple, areola or both with unknown etiopathogenesis. A similar clinical appearance may also be seen in different diseases with specific histopathological features. There are a few anecdotal reports on the association of NHNA with mycosis fungoides (MF), but they do not describe a uniform condition. In this report, we present 3 patients with hyperkeratotic lesions of the nipple and areola associated with MF but showing different histopathological features. We also review similar cases in the literature and discuss possibilities concerning this association. Two of our cases represent the association between MF and NHNA without histopathological features of MF on the nipple-areola complex. The other case represents hyperkeratosis of the nipple and areola with specific histological and immunohistochemical features of MF. Hence, we would like to hypothesize that MF may involve the nipple and areola and have an appearance similar to NHNA. Intriguingly, however, NHNA may occasionally also be seen in association with MF. However, this peculiar association requires further explanation.","PeriodicalId":42885,"journal":{"name":"Dermatopathology","volume":"76 1","pages":"61 - 66"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2015-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000441618","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64944503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laure-Anne Prisse, P. Jayasooriya, B. R. Mendis, T. Lombardi
Benign fibrous histiocytomas (BFH) of the skin are common lesions, although they only rarely involve the oral mucosa. This article presents 3 additional cases of BFH of the oral mucosa, with a review of previously published cases. Although a malignant variant of BFH also exists, the present review focuses only on benign lesions. The clinical presentation, diagnosis, histopathological and immunohistochemical features of BFH are discussed. According to the present analysis, the majority of oral mucosal BFH have occurred in middle-aged and elderly patients, with a slight female predilection. Within the oral cavity, BHF may occur at any mucosal site, including the lips, tongue, buccal mucosa, mandibular and maxillary gingiva as well as the palate. Histopathology is essential to diagnose the lesion, while immunohistochemical investigations may be utilized to exclude the histopathological differential diagnoses such as juvenile xanthogranulomas and nevi. This review also revealed total excision as the treatment of choice for BFH, with a very good prognosis and an extremely low rate of relapse.
{"title":"Benign Fibrous Histiocytomas of the Oral Mucosa: Report on Three Cases and Review of the Literature","authors":"Laure-Anne Prisse, P. Jayasooriya, B. R. Mendis, T. Lombardi","doi":"10.1159/000381618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000381618","url":null,"abstract":"Benign fibrous histiocytomas (BFH) of the skin are common lesions, although they only rarely involve the oral mucosa. This article presents 3 additional cases of BFH of the oral mucosa, with a review of previously published cases. Although a malignant variant of BFH also exists, the present review focuses only on benign lesions. The clinical presentation, diagnosis, histopathological and immunohistochemical features of BFH are discussed. According to the present analysis, the majority of oral mucosal BFH have occurred in middle-aged and elderly patients, with a slight female predilection. Within the oral cavity, BHF may occur at any mucosal site, including the lips, tongue, buccal mucosa, mandibular and maxillary gingiva as well as the palate. Histopathology is essential to diagnose the lesion, while immunohistochemical investigations may be utilized to exclude the histopathological differential diagnoses such as juvenile xanthogranulomas and nevi. This review also revealed total excision as the treatment of choice for BFH, with a very good prognosis and an extremely low rate of relapse.","PeriodicalId":42885,"journal":{"name":"Dermatopathology","volume":"2 1","pages":"52 - 60"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2015-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000381618","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64783890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is an important adjunct in the diagnosis of neoplastic skin diseases. In addition to the many established IHC markers currently in use, new markers continue to emerge, although their general acceptance and routine application requires robust validation. Here, we summarize the most well-established and commonly used biomarkers along with an array of newer ones reported in the past several decades that either demonstrate or hold high clinical promise in the field of cutaneous pathology. We also highlight recent applications of novel IHC markers in melanoma diagnosis including genetic mutation status markers [e.g. BRAF (v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B) and NRAS (neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog)] and an epigenetic alteration marker (e.g. 5-hydroxymethylcytosine). We specifically focus on the role of IHC in the differential diagnosis of cutaneous lesions that fall under the following categories: melanoma, epidermal tumors with an intraepidermal epitheliomatous pattern, spindle cell lesions of the dermis, small round blue cell tumors of the dermis, and cutaneous adnexal tumors. While IHC is a valuable tool in diagnostic dermatopathology, marker selection and interpretation must be highly informed by clinical context and the histologic differential diagnosis. With rapid progress in our understanding of the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of tumorigenesis, new IHC markers will continue to emerge in the field of diagnostic dermatopathology.
{"title":"Diagnostic Immunohistochemistry in Cutaneous Neoplasia: An Update","authors":"L. Compton, G. Murphy, C. Lian","doi":"10.1159/000377698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000377698","url":null,"abstract":"Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is an important adjunct in the diagnosis of neoplastic skin diseases. In addition to the many established IHC markers currently in use, new markers continue to emerge, although their general acceptance and routine application requires robust validation. Here, we summarize the most well-established and commonly used biomarkers along with an array of newer ones reported in the past several decades that either demonstrate or hold high clinical promise in the field of cutaneous pathology. We also highlight recent applications of novel IHC markers in melanoma diagnosis including genetic mutation status markers [e.g. BRAF (v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B) and NRAS (neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog)] and an epigenetic alteration marker (e.g. 5-hydroxymethylcytosine). We specifically focus on the role of IHC in the differential diagnosis of cutaneous lesions that fall under the following categories: melanoma, epidermal tumors with an intraepidermal epitheliomatous pattern, spindle cell lesions of the dermis, small round blue cell tumors of the dermis, and cutaneous adnexal tumors. While IHC is a valuable tool in diagnostic dermatopathology, marker selection and interpretation must be highly informed by clinical context and the histologic differential diagnosis. With rapid progress in our understanding of the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of tumorigenesis, new IHC markers will continue to emerge in the field of diagnostic dermatopathology.","PeriodicalId":42885,"journal":{"name":"Dermatopathology","volume":"2 1","pages":"15 - 42"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2015-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000377698","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64774532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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