Due to the popularity of psychometrics, where probabilistic modelling takes a leading position, it seems useful to present a critical view of these techniques, which, unfortunately, is not extensively discussed, especially in the Russian-language literature. This paper is a systematic review of the growing criticism of several assumptions of psychometrics: 1) the existence of unobservable personality traits and abilities which are supposed to determine the performance of test items; 2) the stochastic nature of traits, and as a consequence, the need for probabilistic models to study them; 3) aggregate data represent individual characteristics; 4) as in the natural sciences, models in psychometrics help reveal psychological reality that is not directly observable; 5) if testing the agreement of empirical data with a model yields a positive result, then the model correctly describes reality. These assumptions are criticized on the basis of the circular nature of the definitions of the traits themselves, logical errors ingrained in the assumptions, the methodological mixture of variability and randomness regarding behavior, the lack of a causal link between inter-individual variation in responses and individual responses; superficial analogies with models in the natural science to which psychometrics refers, as well as the substitution of scientific tasks for instrumental and pragmatic ones. We conclude that modelling in psychometrics is counterproductive if used as a method of exploring the psychological reality behind the test. Some alternative practices of quantitative research are discussed. For example, testing the existence of variation at the level of the individual and the experimental search for its explanation. There are other possible alternatives, such as, a network perspective on psychological phenomena; faceted theory; or observation-oriented modeling. Although this kind of research is much more difficult to implement than standard “goodness-of-fit” tests, it is probably this kind of research that can provide an increase in psychological knowledge.
{"title":"Psychometric Modelling: A Systematic Critique of Underlying Assumptions and Some Alternatives","authors":"Yulia Tyumeneva","doi":"10.17223/17267080/86/1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/17267080/86/1","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the popularity of psychometrics, where probabilistic modelling takes a leading position, it seems useful to present a critical view of these techniques, which, unfortunately, is not extensively discussed, especially in the Russian-language literature. This paper is a systematic review of the growing criticism of several assumptions of psychometrics: 1) the existence of unobservable personality traits and abilities which are supposed to determine the performance of test items; 2) the stochastic nature of traits, and as a consequence, the need for probabilistic models to study them; 3) aggregate data represent individual characteristics; 4) as in the natural sciences, models in psychometrics help reveal psychological reality that is not directly observable; 5) if testing the agreement of empirical data with a model yields a positive result, then the model correctly describes reality. These assumptions are criticized on the basis of the circular nature of the definitions of the traits themselves, logical errors ingrained in the assumptions, the methodological mixture of variability and randomness regarding behavior, the lack of a causal link between inter-individual variation in responses and individual responses; superficial analogies with models in the natural science to which psychometrics refers, as well as the substitution of scientific tasks for instrumental and pragmatic ones. We conclude that modelling in psychometrics is counterproductive if used as a method of exploring the psychological reality behind the test. Some alternative practices of quantitative research are discussed. For example, testing the existence of variation at the level of the individual and the experimental search for its explanation. There are other possible alternatives, such as, a network perspective on psychological phenomena; faceted theory; or observation-oriented modeling. Although this kind of research is much more difficult to implement than standard “goodness-of-fit” tests, it is probably this kind of research that can provide an increase in psychological knowledge.","PeriodicalId":42898,"journal":{"name":"Sibirskiy Psikhologicheskiy Zhurnal-Siberian Journal of Psychology","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67572089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Last decades have been marked by a decline in the psychological well-being of adolescents around the world. Both environmental, family and school factors, as well as personal factors contribute to the maintenance of well-being, and from the standpoint of modern psychological theories of well-being, positive relationships with significant others play a leading role. However, these factors are rarely explored in the system; moreover, the specific contribution of environmental factors varies from culture to culture. This article aims to assess the role of the system of environmental and personality-motivational variables as predictors of the psychological well-being of Russian adolescents. The material of the study was the data collected within the framework of the PISA 2018 project on a representative sample of Russian teenagers (N=7608). We studied the role of three groups of variables reflecting the quality of a teenager's relationship with 1) parents (parental support), 2) teachers (perception of informative feedback from teachers), 3) school society (the value of cooperation and climate of cooperation and exposure to bullying). It was assumed that the variables characterizing the quality of the three types of relationships with significant others would contribute both independently and mediated by personal and motivational variables to well-being. Gender and family SES were considered as control variables. The results of structural equation modeling confirmed the hypotheses, demonstrating a significant contribution to the well-being of not only relationships with parents and peers, but also teachers, both directly and indirectly by variables reflecting the ability to set productive goals, cope with difficulties and feel comfortable at school. The results are discussed from the standpoint of the self-determination theory, which asserts the importance of satisfying basic psychological needs in relationships with significant others for the psychological well-being. Universal and cross-cultural aspects of the findings of the study are discussed, as well as its limitations.
{"title":"What determines the psychological well-being of Russian adolescents: analysis of PISA 2018 results","authors":"T. Gordeeva, O. Sychev","doi":"10.17223/17267080/88/5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/17267080/88/5","url":null,"abstract":"Last decades have been marked by a decline in the psychological well-being of adolescents around the world. Both environmental, family and school factors, as well as personal factors contribute to the maintenance of well-being, and from the standpoint of modern psychological theories of well-being, positive relationships with significant others play a leading role. However, these factors are rarely explored in the system; moreover, the specific contribution of environmental factors varies from culture to culture. This article aims to assess the role of the system of environmental and personality-motivational variables as predictors of the psychological well-being of Russian adolescents. The material of the study was the data collected within the framework of the PISA 2018 project on a representative sample of Russian teenagers (N=7608). We studied the role of three groups of variables reflecting the quality of a teenager's relationship with 1) parents (parental support), 2) teachers (perception of informative feedback from teachers), 3) school society (the value of cooperation and climate of cooperation and exposure to bullying). It was assumed that the variables characterizing the quality of the three types of relationships with significant others would contribute both independently and mediated by personal and motivational variables to well-being. Gender and family SES were considered as control variables. The results of structural equation modeling confirmed the hypotheses, demonstrating a significant contribution to the well-being of not only relationships with parents and peers, but also teachers, both directly and indirectly by variables reflecting the ability to set productive goals, cope with difficulties and feel comfortable at school. The results are discussed from the standpoint of the self-determination theory, which asserts the importance of satisfying basic psychological needs in relationships with significant others for the psychological well-being. Universal and cross-cultural aspects of the findings of the study are discussed, as well as its limitations.","PeriodicalId":42898,"journal":{"name":"Sibirskiy Psikhologicheskiy Zhurnal-Siberian Journal of Psychology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67572634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction. The article describes the results of an empirical study of ideas about the future in the context of the socio-psychological phenomenon of the extended childhood and youth. For boys and girls the future is a positive time in which work depends on study and knowledge. Before the onset of adolescence, the future is blurred, and at the age of youth, the future depends on work, which determines the creation of a family, the appearance of children and self-understanding. Methodology and sampling of the study. In this study the method of I.S. Cohn “Me in 5 years” was used. The sample consisted of 1,538 boys and girls aged from 14 to 28. Four age groups were identified, which correspond to adolescence (14 years old), early adolescence (15-18 years old), late adolescence (19-23 years old), the age of youth or the onset of adulthood (24-28 years old). The sample was formed according to the “snowball” principle by sending a link to the study to educational organizations in Russia by e-mail. The text data obtained were analyzed using the statistical software package “R” (version 21.0). The main results of the study. The analysis of the texts of the essays showed that most often when talking about the future, respondents use the words: “I hope” and “I want”. For teenagers (14 years old), the word “I will” comes out on top, and for young people of the age of youth or the onset of adulthood (24-28 years old), the word “work” comes out on top. The words “I hope” and “I want” occur most often in the age groups from 15 to 23 years old. Discussion and interpretation of data. Meaningful topics of ideas about the future include: desires, expectations, opportunities, values, achievements and goals. At the same time, opportunities are associated with family and work, the value is life, which depends on a good job and a good person nearby. Goals are associated with their own personality in the future, with an understanding of time, as well as with what boys and girls think, dream, love and know. The study also showed that the formation of a subjective position regarding one's own future takes place in several steps/stages. Conclusion. The meaningful directions of ideas about the future are: desires, expectations, opportunities, values, achievements and goals. The discussion of the future family and future work is the material, and not the central core of a meaningful idea of the future. Teenagers see the future in positive colors, without separating their own desires from opportunities.
介绍。本文描述了在延长童年和青年的社会心理现象的背景下对未来观念的实证研究的结果。对于男孩和女孩来说，未来是一个积极的时代，工作取决于学习和知识。在青春期开始之前，未来是模糊的，而在青春的年龄，未来取决于工作，这决定了一个家庭的创造，孩子的出现和自我的理解。研究的方法和抽样。本研究采用I.S. Cohn“Me In 5 years”的方法。样本包括1538名年龄在14到28岁之间的男孩和女孩。确定了四个年龄组，分别对应于青春期(14岁)、青春期早期(15-18岁)、青春期晚期(19-23岁)、青年期或成年期开始(24-28岁)。样本是根据“滚雪球”原则形成的，通过电子邮件将研究链接发送给俄罗斯的教育机构。使用统计软件包“R”(版本21.0)对获得的文本数据进行分析。本研究的主要结果。对文章文本的分析表明，在谈论未来时，受访者最常使用的词是:“我希望”和“我想要”。对于青少年(14岁)来说，“我要”这个词排在第一位，而对于处于青年年龄或成年初期(24-28岁)的年轻人来说，“工作”这个词排在第一位。“我希望”和“我想要”这两个词最常出现在15至23岁的年龄组中。数据的讨论和解释。关于未来的有意义的话题包括:愿望、期望、机会、价值观、成就和目标。同时，机会与家庭和工作联系在一起，价值是生命，这取决于一份好工作和身边的好人。目标与他们未来的个性有关，与对时间的理解有关，也与男孩和女孩的想法、梦想、爱和知道有关。该研究还表明，对自己未来的主观立场的形成是分几个步骤/阶段进行的。结论。关于未来的想法有意义的方向是:欲望、期望、机会、价值观、成就和目标。对未来家庭和未来工作的讨论是材料，而不是对未来有意义的想法的核心。青少年用积极的色彩看待未来，而不是把自己的欲望与机会分开。
{"title":"The Modern Cultural Context of Ideas about the Future in Adolescence","authors":"N. P. Shilova, A. K. Vladyko","doi":"10.17223/17267080/86/6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/17267080/86/6","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article describes the results of an empirical study of ideas about the future in the context of the socio-psychological phenomenon of the extended childhood and youth. For boys and girls the future is a positive time in which work depends on study and knowledge. Before the onset of adolescence, the future is blurred, and at the age of youth, the future depends on work, which determines the creation of a family, the appearance of children and self-understanding. Methodology and sampling of the study. In this study the method of I.S. Cohn “Me in 5 years” was used. The sample consisted of 1,538 boys and girls aged from 14 to 28. Four age groups were identified, which correspond to adolescence (14 years old), early adolescence (15-18 years old), late adolescence (19-23 years old), the age of youth or the onset of adulthood (24-28 years old). The sample was formed according to the “snowball” principle by sending a link to the study to educational organizations in Russia by e-mail. The text data obtained were analyzed using the statistical software package “R” (version 21.0). The main results of the study. The analysis of the texts of the essays showed that most often when talking about the future, respondents use the words: “I hope” and “I want”. For teenagers (14 years old), the word “I will” comes out on top, and for young people of the age of youth or the onset of adulthood (24-28 years old), the word “work” comes out on top. The words “I hope” and “I want” occur most often in the age groups from 15 to 23 years old. Discussion and interpretation of data. Meaningful topics of ideas about the future include: desires, expectations, opportunities, values, achievements and goals. At the same time, opportunities are associated with family and work, the value is life, which depends on a good job and a good person nearby. Goals are associated with their own personality in the future, with an understanding of time, as well as with what boys and girls think, dream, love and know. The study also showed that the formation of a subjective position regarding one's own future takes place in several steps/stages. Conclusion. The meaningful directions of ideas about the future are: desires, expectations, opportunities, values, achievements and goals. The discussion of the future family and future work is the material, and not the central core of a meaningful idea of the future. Teenagers see the future in positive colors, without separating their own desires from opportunities.","PeriodicalId":42898,"journal":{"name":"Sibirskiy Psikhologicheskiy Zhurnal-Siberian Journal of Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67571953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G.U. Soldatova, S. Chigarkova, E. Nikonova, Dmitriy A. Vinitskij, Artem E. Popkov
The spread of virtual reality technologies raises the question of the formation of new practices of digital sociality, including encountering destructive communication. The article is devoted to an experimental study of the behavioral reactions of adolescents acting as bystanders of cyberaggression situation in an immersive virtual environment, including depending on the differences in the expression of social responsibility and moral attitudes. Adolescents (N=50) were asked to complete a task to search for an object in the VRChat virtual environment, in which they faced a real-time cyberaggression situation. The participants of the experiment were divided into control and experimental groups, the members of the latter were additionally instructed to observe and maintain the rules of communication in the virtual environment. Two types of behavior were identified: “passive bystanders” (58%), who chose an avoidance strategy or engaged in communication only to solve the task and “active defenders” (42%), who were divided into aggressive and non-aggressive. It is shown that the choice of behavioral strategies aimed at helping the “victim” in a cyberaggression situation in virtual space is determined to a greater extent by such personal characteristics as the severity of social responsibility and the level of moral development, which make more important contribution to the regulation of social behavior, than by the instruction received “at the entrance to the situation” on the need to comply with the rules of positive culture communication. The social responsibility as a personal characteristic, as opposed to the phenomenon of diffusion of responsibility, revealed within the framework of the bystander effect, turns out to be more characteristic of the defenders of the “victim” and their prosocial role compared to passive observers.
{"title":"Aggression in an Immersive Virtual Environment: Behavioral Strategies of Adolescents and the Bystander Effect","authors":"G.U. Soldatova, S. Chigarkova, E. Nikonova, Dmitriy A. Vinitskij, Artem E. Popkov","doi":"10.17223/17267080/86/2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/17267080/86/2","url":null,"abstract":"The spread of virtual reality technologies raises the question of the formation of new practices of digital sociality, including encountering destructive communication. The article is devoted to an experimental study of the behavioral reactions of adolescents acting as bystanders of cyberaggression situation in an immersive virtual environment, including depending on the differences in the expression of social responsibility and moral attitudes. Adolescents (N=50) were asked to complete a task to search for an object in the VRChat virtual environment, in which they faced a real-time cyberaggression situation. The participants of the experiment were divided into control and experimental groups, the members of the latter were additionally instructed to observe and maintain the rules of communication in the virtual environment. Two types of behavior were identified: “passive bystanders” (58%), who chose an avoidance strategy or engaged in communication only to solve the task and “active defenders” (42%), who were divided into aggressive and non-aggressive. It is shown that the choice of behavioral strategies aimed at helping the “victim” in a cyberaggression situation in virtual space is determined to a greater extent by such personal characteristics as the severity of social responsibility and the level of moral development, which make more important contribution to the regulation of social behavior, than by the instruction received “at the entrance to the situation” on the need to comply with the rules of positive culture communication. The social responsibility as a personal characteristic, as opposed to the phenomenon of diffusion of responsibility, revealed within the framework of the bystander effect, turns out to be more characteristic of the defenders of the “victim” and their prosocial role compared to passive observers.","PeriodicalId":42898,"journal":{"name":"Sibirskiy Psikhologicheskiy Zhurnal-Siberian Journal of Psychology","volume":"11 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67572179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The turbulent state of modern society puts forward high demands on a person's ability to constructively resolve stressful situations. The choice and implementation of coping strategies depends on the measure of hierarchy of the Stress concept. The measure of the hierarchy of the Stress concept determines the ability of the subject to highlight the essence of the problem, taking into account significant relationships between the signs of a stressful situation. The results discussed, were an analysis with a ratio to the hierarchial measurement of the concept of Stress and coping strategies among students of different ethno-cultural groups. The verbal hierarchy of the Stress concept was evaluated by the modified version of the “Problem Formulation technique” (Kholodnaya, 2019); the nonverbal hierarchy of the Stress was assessed by pictographic technique. The criteria for assessing the verbal and nonverbal hierarchy of the Stress concept are defined. Coping strategies were measured by the Adolescent Coping Scale (Frydenberg, Lewis, 1993). The sample is represented by 712 first-year students of large universities aged fron 19.2 ± 2.0 years old from five collectivistic cultures. It was revealed that students display in visual images mainly external and internal manifestations of a stressful state, but verbalize stressful situations through partial concrete signs. It is shown that the higher is the measure of hierarchy of the Stress concept, the greater is the demand for subjective copings and the less is recourse to non-subjective ones (GLM, p = 0.000). The data obtained show that the verbal hierarchy of the concept Stress is significantly associated with the student's ethno-cultural affiliation: Russian students are characterized by a high verbal hierarchy of the Stress concept; Turkish and Chinese students are of average verbal hierarchy, students from Armenia and Tatarstan are of low verbal hierarchy. Significant data in favor of the conjugation of the non-verbal hierarchy of the Stress concept with the student's ethnocultural affiliation was not found. The development of the subject's ability to integrate diverse information about a stressful situation into a holistic image provides an increase in the constructiveness of coping behavior.
现代社会的动荡状态对一个人建设性地解决压力状况的能力提出了很高的要求。应对策略的选择和实施取决于压力概念层次的测度。压力概念层次的测量决定了受试者突出问题本质的能力，同时考虑到压力情况的迹象之间的重要关系。讨论的结果是对不同民族文化群体学生的压力概念和应对策略的层次测量的比率进行分析。采用改进版的“问题制定技术”(Kholodnaya, 2019)评估压力概念的言语层次;用象形文字技术对压力的非语言层次进行评价。定义了评估压力概念的言语和非言语层次的标准。应对策略采用青少年应对量表(Frydenberg, Lewis, 1993)进行测量。样本由712名来自五种集体主义文化的大型大学一年级学生组成，年龄在19.2±2.0岁之间。结果表明，学生主要通过视觉图像来表现压力状态的外在和内在表现，但通过部分具体的符号来表达压力情境。结果表明，压力概念的层次度越高，对主观应对的需求越大，对非主观应对的需求越少(GLM, p = 0.000)。结果表明，压力概念的言语层次与学生的民族文化隶属关系显著相关:俄罗斯学生的压力概念具有较高的言语层次;土耳其和中国学生的语言层次一般，亚美尼亚和鞑靼斯坦学生的语言层次较低。没有发现支持强调概念的非语言层次与学生的民族文化隶属关系结合的重要数据。受试者将有关压力情境的各种信息整合成一个整体形象的能力的发展，增加了应对行为的建设性。
{"title":"The Measure of Hierarchy of the Concept Stress and Copings in freshmen of Different Cultures","authors":"E. Volkova, I. O. Kuvaeva","doi":"10.17223/17267080/86/3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/17267080/86/3","url":null,"abstract":"The turbulent state of modern society puts forward high demands on a person's ability to constructively resolve stressful situations. The choice and implementation of coping strategies depends on the measure of hierarchy of the Stress concept. The measure of the hierarchy of the Stress concept determines the ability of the subject to highlight the essence of the problem, taking into account significant relationships between the signs of a stressful situation. The results discussed, were an analysis with a ratio to the hierarchial measurement of the concept of Stress and coping strategies among students of different ethno-cultural groups. The verbal hierarchy of the Stress concept was evaluated by the modified version of the “Problem Formulation technique” (Kholodnaya, 2019); the nonverbal hierarchy of the Stress was assessed by pictographic technique. The criteria for assessing the verbal and nonverbal hierarchy of the Stress concept are defined. Coping strategies were measured by the Adolescent Coping Scale (Frydenberg, Lewis, 1993). The sample is represented by 712 first-year students of large universities aged fron 19.2 ± 2.0 years old from five collectivistic cultures. It was revealed that students display in visual images mainly external and internal manifestations of a stressful state, but verbalize stressful situations through partial concrete signs. It is shown that the higher is the measure of hierarchy of the Stress concept, the greater is the demand for subjective copings and the less is recourse to non-subjective ones (GLM, p = 0.000). The data obtained show that the verbal hierarchy of the concept Stress is significantly associated with the student's ethno-cultural affiliation: Russian students are characterized by a high verbal hierarchy of the Stress concept; Turkish and Chinese students are of average verbal hierarchy, students from Armenia and Tatarstan are of low verbal hierarchy. Significant data in favor of the conjugation of the non-verbal hierarchy of the Stress concept with the student's ethnocultural affiliation was not found. The development of the subject's ability to integrate diverse information about a stressful situation into a holistic image provides an increase in the constructiveness of coping behavior.","PeriodicalId":42898,"journal":{"name":"Sibirskiy Psikhologicheskiy Zhurnal-Siberian Journal of Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67572245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article discusses the sociopsychological determinants of the use of luxury loanwords in Russian, in particular the ethnic identity of the individual, the content and focus of heterostereotypes, and the frequency of excessive loanwords in speech practices recorded in the national corpus of the Russian language. The study involved 22 translation and translation studies final year students aged 20-21. The ethnic identity of a person is investigated by comparing auto- and heterostereotypes of three stimuli objects, “a typical representative of Russian, English nationality” and “American people” with the self-image. Next, a comparative analysis of the use of excessive loanwords when translating the text from English into Russian is performed. The discrepancy between declared and actual ethnic identity was revealed for the majority of informants. Three groups of respondents were distinguished: the first group identified with Russian nationality, the second with English, and the third group's self-image corresponded to none of the presented stimulus objects. Judgments about the “typical representative of English and American nationality” are more consistent compared to the representation of the “typical representative of Russian nationality”. According to the research data, informants with uncertain ethnic identity and representatives of English national identity have a positive image of “a representative of English nationality”. Those with Russian national identity have a shift towards positive social desirability in their perceptions of “a typical representative of the American people”. The use of luxury loanwords is equally characteristic of all respondents. Thus, the use of foreign words and word combinations in speech is associated with a shift in perceptions of native speakers (English or American) towards positive social desirability, as well as identification with native speakers of the language from which the vocabulary is borrowed. The author concludes that social psychological factors should be taken into account when developing measures to protect the mother tongue from excessive borrowing.
{"title":"Socio-psychological determinants of the use of luxury loanwords in the Russian language","authors":"N. N. Pomuran","doi":"10.17223/17267080/88/4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/17267080/88/4","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the sociopsychological determinants of the use of luxury loanwords in Russian, in particular the ethnic identity of the individual, the content and focus of heterostereotypes, and the frequency of excessive loanwords in speech practices recorded in the national corpus of the Russian language. The study involved 22 translation and translation studies final year students aged 20-21. The ethnic identity of a person is investigated by comparing auto- and heterostereotypes of three stimuli objects, “a typical representative of Russian, English nationality” and “American people” with the self-image. Next, a comparative analysis of the use of excessive loanwords when translating the text from English into Russian is performed. The discrepancy between declared and actual ethnic identity was revealed for the majority of informants. Three groups of respondents were distinguished: the first group identified with Russian nationality, the second with English, and the third group's self-image corresponded to none of the presented stimulus objects. Judgments about the “typical representative of English and American nationality” are more consistent compared to the representation of the “typical representative of Russian nationality”. According to the research data, informants with uncertain ethnic identity and representatives of English national identity have a positive image of “a representative of English nationality”. Those with Russian national identity have a shift towards positive social desirability in their perceptions of “a typical representative of the American people”. The use of luxury loanwords is equally characteristic of all respondents. Thus, the use of foreign words and word combinations in speech is associated with a shift in perceptions of native speakers (English or American) towards positive social desirability, as well as identification with native speakers of the language from which the vocabulary is borrowed. The author concludes that social psychological factors should be taken into account when developing measures to protect the mother tongue from excessive borrowing.","PeriodicalId":42898,"journal":{"name":"Sibirskiy Psikhologicheskiy Zhurnal-Siberian Journal of Psychology","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67572571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Currently, the problem of finding ways of positive/optimal functioning of the personality is becoming highly relevant. This is particularly significant in late ontogenesis. The paper deals with the results of an empirical research, the purpose of which was to study the features of subjective well-being and health-related quality of life of people aged 49-93 who permanently reside (more than 1 year) in a geriatric center. A total sample (N = 155) is analyzed in subgroups depending on gender, age (49-64 years; 65-74 years; 75-93 years) and objective health status (disability group or its absence). The following methods were used: SF-36 Health Status Survey, Subjective Happiness Scale by S. Lyubomirsky, Satisfaction with Life Scale by E. Diener. The health self-esteem is shown to be rather low and is characterized by heterogeneity, while the level of subjective well-being corresponds to the average interval. Health-related quality of life, satisfaction with life, and subjective happiness are correlated. Men rate their health higher than women on all indicators. With increasing age, health-related quality of life decreases (except for the indicator “Physical functioning” (PF)). At the same time, there are gender differences in dynamics. Health self-esteem has no connection with the objective state of somatic health, except for the indicator “Physical functioning” (PF). Satisfaction with life and subjective happiness have no correlations with chronological age, as well as they have no differences in groups of people of different ages and genders. The objective state of health does not affect satisfaction with life but affects subjective happiness. The presence of deficit aspects (high chronological age and the 1st disability group) manifests itself an increasing number of correlations between subjective well-being and health-related quality of life. In general, it can be noted that people with different objective and subjective health assessments feel happy and satisfied with their lives. This, in our opinion, is provided by relying on intrapersonal resources. The research contributes to the formation of the idea of the aging as a period of development and the subjective resources of successful aging as well.
{"title":"The study of subjective life quality and subjective well-being in late ontogenesis","authors":"N. Pavlova","doi":"10.17223/17267080/86/5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/17267080/86/5","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, the problem of finding ways of positive/optimal functioning of the personality is becoming highly relevant. This is particularly significant in late ontogenesis. The paper deals with the results of an empirical research, the purpose of which was to study the features of subjective well-being and health-related quality of life of people aged 49-93 who permanently reside (more than 1 year) in a geriatric center. A total sample (N = 155) is analyzed in subgroups depending on gender, age (49-64 years; 65-74 years; 75-93 years) and objective health status (disability group or its absence). The following methods were used: SF-36 Health Status Survey, Subjective Happiness Scale by S. Lyubomirsky, Satisfaction with Life Scale by E. Diener. The health self-esteem is shown to be rather low and is characterized by heterogeneity, while the level of subjective well-being corresponds to the average interval. Health-related quality of life, satisfaction with life, and subjective happiness are correlated. Men rate their health higher than women on all indicators. With increasing age, health-related quality of life decreases (except for the indicator “Physical functioning” (PF)). At the same time, there are gender differences in dynamics. Health self-esteem has no connection with the objective state of somatic health, except for the indicator “Physical functioning” (PF). Satisfaction with life and subjective happiness have no correlations with chronological age, as well as they have no differences in groups of people of different ages and genders. The objective state of health does not affect satisfaction with life but affects subjective happiness. The presence of deficit aspects (high chronological age and the 1st disability group) manifests itself an increasing number of correlations between subjective well-being and health-related quality of life. In general, it can be noted that people with different objective and subjective health assessments feel happy and satisfied with their lives. This, in our opinion, is provided by relying on intrapersonal resources. The research contributes to the formation of the idea of the aging as a period of development and the subjective resources of successful aging as well.","PeriodicalId":42898,"journal":{"name":"Sibirskiy Psikhologicheskiy Zhurnal-Siberian Journal of Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67571899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Events are not only a part of a subject’s personal professional plans but they can be applied as items of professional path analysis. Although events play an important role in constructing a subject’s professional plans, due attention hasn’t been given to this issue in psychology. The aim of the investigation is to reveal event-related determinants of professional path planning and in readiness to scientific activity of students and postgraduates of Russian universities. 1026 students and postgraduates from 10 Russian universities, operating in 7 Russian regions, took part in the research. A questionnaire, in which the respondents specified the events that influenced their professional plans and key characteristics of those events, was used. Data processing was carried out by means of content-analysis, descriptive statistics, Pearson criterion c2 . In this investigation an event of professional path is considered as a phenomenon that is taking place in time and space and is impact forming the trajectory and process of a subject’s professional path for a relatively long period. The events of a professional path are classified on quantitative and qualitative grounds. For planning the professional path of students and post-graduates both subjective and objective events are important. The key role in planning the professional path by students and postgraduates of Russian universities are subjective events which are connected with their principal activity that is studying at school or university. The late and current events that touch upon various spheres of life and scientific and technological inventions are among objective determinants of professional path. Subjective and objective events (excluding scientific and technological), which respondents experienced in the last decade, are determinants of students’ and postgraduates' professional plans. The average time period of planned scientific and technological events, influencing respondents’ professional plans, cover over forty years. The students and post-graduates who are ready to devote their lives to science, singled out the group of scientific and technological event-related as determinants for their professional plans more often, than those who don’t strive to have a science as their only career.
{"title":"Event-related determinants of Russian students’ and post-graduates’ professional planning and their readiness to scientific activity","authors":"Tim Nestik, M. V. Prokhorova, A. V. Savicheva","doi":"10.17223/17267080/88/7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/17267080/88/7","url":null,"abstract":"Events are not only a part of a subject’s personal professional plans but they can be applied as items of professional path analysis. Although events play an important role in constructing a subject’s professional plans, due attention hasn’t been given to this issue in psychology. The aim of the investigation is to reveal event-related determinants of professional path planning and in readiness to scientific activity of students and postgraduates of Russian universities. 1026 students and postgraduates from 10 Russian universities, operating in 7 Russian regions, took part in the research. A questionnaire, in which the respondents specified the events that influenced their professional plans and key characteristics of those events, was used. Data processing was carried out by means of content-analysis, descriptive statistics, Pearson criterion c2 . In this investigation an event of professional path is considered as a phenomenon that is taking place in time and space and is impact forming the trajectory and process of a subject’s professional path for a relatively long period. The events of a professional path are classified on quantitative and qualitative grounds. For planning the professional path of students and post-graduates both subjective and objective events are important. The key role in planning the professional path by students and postgraduates of Russian universities are subjective events which are connected with their principal activity that is studying at school or university. The late and current events that touch upon various spheres of life and scientific and technological inventions are among objective determinants of professional path. Subjective and objective events (excluding scientific and technological), which respondents experienced in the last decade, are determinants of students’ and postgraduates' professional plans. The average time period of planned scientific and technological events, influencing respondents’ professional plans, cover over forty years. The students and post-graduates who are ready to devote their lives to science, singled out the group of scientific and technological event-related as determinants for their professional plans more often, than those who don’t strive to have a science as their only career.","PeriodicalId":42898,"journal":{"name":"Sibirskiy Psikhologicheskiy Zhurnal-Siberian Journal of Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67572694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. The specific situation of the disease at certain stages, for example, at the stage of remission and the fourth stage, may contribute to the manifestation of certain psychological characteristics in cancer patients, which can be considered as personal resources for the adaptation of women with breast cancer to the disease situation. It is assumed that the complex of psychological characteristics studied in the study makes it possible to fully reflect the adaptive potential of a person in overcoming a difficult life situation, including one associated with a life-threatening disease. Objective. To study the psychological characteristics of women diagnosed with breast cancer at the stage of remission and the fourth stage. Materials and methods. The study involved 140 women aged 26 to 80 years. The study included patients with stage 4 (N=42) and women with remission from 6 months (N=98). Survey methods were used as research methods: the scale of basic beliefs (adaptation by M. A. Padun, A.V. Kotelnikova); the test of life orientations (adaptation by D.A. Tsiring, K.Yu. Evnina); the test of resilience (adaptation by D. Leontiev); questionnaire of subjective control (adaptation by E.F. Bazhin, S.A. Golynkin, A.M. Etkind); questionnaire of personal helplessness (D.A. Tsiring, A.V. Stepanenko); questionnaire "Subjective age of a person" (adaptation by E.A. Sergienko); subjective assessment of quality of life (questionnaire SF-36). Methods of mathematical processing: primary descriptive statistics, comparative analysis (U-Mann-Whitney criterion). Results. Psychological features of women with breast cancer at stage 4 were found, distinguishing them from women with breast cancer at the stage of remission in terms of the picture of the world, indicators of quality of life, personal helplessness-independence, subjective control, resilience. Conclusion. The data obtained indicate the presence of a special complex of psychological characteristics that occurs at a certain stage of the disease, and reflects the adaptive potential of women with breast cancer in overcoming a difficult life situation associated with a lifethreatening disease.
{"title":"Psychological characteristics of women with breast cancer in remission and the fourth stage","authors":"D. Tsiring, E. A. Evstafeeva., I. Ponomareva","doi":"10.17223/17267080/88/9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/17267080/88/9","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. The specific situation of the disease at certain stages, for example, at the stage of remission and the fourth stage, may contribute to the manifestation of certain psychological characteristics in cancer patients, which can be considered as personal resources for the adaptation of women with breast cancer to the disease situation. It is assumed that the complex of psychological characteristics studied in the study makes it possible to fully reflect the adaptive potential of a person in overcoming a difficult life situation, including one associated with a life-threatening disease. Objective. To study the psychological characteristics of women diagnosed with breast cancer at the stage of remission and the fourth stage. Materials and methods. The study involved 140 women aged 26 to 80 years. The study included patients with stage 4 (N=42) and women with remission from 6 months (N=98). Survey methods were used as research methods: the scale of basic beliefs (adaptation by M. A. Padun, A.V. Kotelnikova); the test of life orientations (adaptation by D.A. Tsiring, K.Yu. Evnina); the test of resilience (adaptation by D. Leontiev); questionnaire of subjective control (adaptation by E.F. Bazhin, S.A. Golynkin, A.M. Etkind); questionnaire of personal helplessness (D.A. Tsiring, A.V. Stepanenko); questionnaire \"Subjective age of a person\" (adaptation by E.A. Sergienko); subjective assessment of quality of life (questionnaire SF-36). Methods of mathematical processing: primary descriptive statistics, comparative analysis (U-Mann-Whitney criterion). Results. Psychological features of women with breast cancer at stage 4 were found, distinguishing them from women with breast cancer at the stage of remission in terms of the picture of the world, indicators of quality of life, personal helplessness-independence, subjective control, resilience. Conclusion. The data obtained indicate the presence of a special complex of psychological characteristics that occurs at a certain stage of the disease, and reflects the adaptive potential of women with breast cancer in overcoming a difficult life situation associated with a lifethreatening disease.","PeriodicalId":42898,"journal":{"name":"Sibirskiy Psikhologicheskiy Zhurnal-Siberian Journal of Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67572736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. A. Filenko, S. A. Bogomaz, E. Galazhinsky, N. A. Buravleva, T. E. Levitskaya, A.A. Chalimova
The aim of the study is to study the psychological health of modern youth in order to identify subgroups that significantly differ in this characteristic, as well as the features of psychological resources that support its optimal functioning. The study was conducted in September-October 2022. The study sample included 340 students from Tomsk, ages from 17 to 26 (the mean age was 20.7±2.07 years) and men were 50% of the sample. Research methods: The Mental Health Continuum questionnaire, MHC-SF (C.L.M. Keyes, adapted by E.N. Osin); World Assumption Scale, WAS (R. Janoff-Bulman, adapted by O. Kravtsova); Intellectual Risk Assessment questionnaire (G. Craparo, P. Magnano, A. Paolillo et al., adapted by T.V. Kornilova, E. M. Pavlova); Hardiness Test (S.R. Maddi, D.M. Khoshaba, adapted by D.A. Leontiev, E.I. Rasskazova, short version by E.N. Osin); Personal Readiness for Activity questionnaire (S.A. Bogomaz). Factor and cluster analyses were applied. As a result of the use of factor analysis two factors were revealed: 1) resources for psychological well-being (including indicators of Psychological well-being, Self-worth, Risktaking, Self-efficacy, Goal setting) and 2) resources Social well-being (including indicators of Social well-being, Justice of the world, Benevolence of people) of young people. A comparative analysis of the measured characteristics of male and female revealed statistically significant differences in Self-efficacy (3.35-male and 3.2-female), Goal setting (3.72 and 3.5, respectively), and Benevolence of people (3.71 and 4.1, respectively). The use of cluster analysis made it possible to identify 6 clusters in groups of male and female, whose representatives differed in the average values of the studied variables at a statistically significant level. Based on the analysis of the psychological characteristics of respondents belonging to specific clusters, risk groups which characterized low levels of development of structural components of Psychological and Social well-being resources (45 male and 46 female) were identified.
本研究的目的是研究现代青年的心理健康状况，以确定在这一特征上存在显著差异的亚群体，以及支持其最佳功能的心理资源的特征。该研究于2022年9月至10月进行。研究样本包括来自托木斯克的340名学生，年龄从17岁到26岁(平均年龄20.7±2.07岁)，男性占样本的50%。研究方法:心理健康连续问卷，MHC-SF (C.L.M. Keyes, E.N. Osin改编);世界假设量表，WAS (R. Janoff-Bulman, O. Kravtsova改编);智力风险评估问卷(G. Craparo, P. Magnano, A. Paolillo等，改编自T.V. Kornilova, e.m. Pavlova);《抗寒性测试》(S.R. madi, D.M. Khoshaba, d.a Leontiev, E.I. Rasskazova改编，E.N. Osin短版);个人活动准备问卷(S.A. Bogomaz)。采用因子分析和聚类分析。因子分析揭示了青少年心理幸福感资源(包括心理幸福感指标、自我价值感指标、冒险性指标、自我效能感指标、目标设定指标)和社会幸福感资源(包括社会幸福感指标、世界公正性指标、人的仁爱性指标)。对比分析男性和女性的测量特征，发现自我效能感(男性3.35分，女性3.2分)、目标设定(男性3.72分，女性3.5分)和仁爱(男性3.71分，女性4.1分)的差异有统计学意义。使用聚类分析可以在男性和女性组中确定6个聚类，其代表在研究变量的平均值上存在统计学显著水平的差异。在分析被调查者心理特征的基础上，确定了心理和社会福利资源结构成分发展水平较低的风险群体(男性45人，女性46人)。
{"title":"Features of Psychological Health of Students from the Perspective of Personal Resources Development: Basic Beliefs, Resilience, and Personal Regulatory Characteristics","authors":"I. A. Filenko, S. A. Bogomaz, E. Galazhinsky, N. A. Buravleva, T. E. Levitskaya, A.A. Chalimova","doi":"10.17223/17267080/88/3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/17267080/88/3","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study is to study the psychological health of modern youth in order to identify subgroups that significantly differ in this characteristic, as well as the features of psychological resources that support its optimal functioning. The study was conducted in September-October 2022. The study sample included 340 students from Tomsk, ages from 17 to 26 (the mean age was 20.7±2.07 years) and men were 50% of the sample. Research methods: The Mental Health Continuum questionnaire, MHC-SF (C.L.M. Keyes, adapted by E.N. Osin); World Assumption Scale, WAS (R. Janoff-Bulman, adapted by O. Kravtsova); Intellectual Risk Assessment questionnaire (G. Craparo, P. Magnano, A. Paolillo et al., adapted by T.V. Kornilova, E. M. Pavlova); Hardiness Test (S.R. Maddi, D.M. Khoshaba, adapted by D.A. Leontiev, E.I. Rasskazova, short version by E.N. Osin); Personal Readiness for Activity questionnaire (S.A. Bogomaz). Factor and cluster analyses were applied. As a result of the use of factor analysis two factors were revealed: 1) resources for psychological well-being (including indicators of Psychological well-being, Self-worth, Risktaking, Self-efficacy, Goal setting) and 2) resources Social well-being (including indicators of Social well-being, Justice of the world, Benevolence of people) of young people. A comparative analysis of the measured characteristics of male and female revealed statistically significant differences in Self-efficacy (3.35-male and 3.2-female), Goal setting (3.72 and 3.5, respectively), and Benevolence of people (3.71 and 4.1, respectively). The use of cluster analysis made it possible to identify 6 clusters in groups of male and female, whose representatives differed in the average values of the studied variables at a statistically significant level. Based on the analysis of the psychological characteristics of respondents belonging to specific clusters, risk groups which characterized low levels of development of structural components of Psychological and Social well-being resources (45 male and 46 female) were identified.","PeriodicalId":42898,"journal":{"name":"Sibirskiy Psikhologicheskiy Zhurnal-Siberian Journal of Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67572521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：