V. Vasilenko, Y. V. Natalenko, Leisure Daughters-sons
The study involved 117 people from 43 families of Saint-Petersburg. Among them there were 31 triads “mother – father -child” and 12 dyads “mother - child”, i.e. 43 children (20 boys and 23 girls), 43 mothers and 31 fathers. The age of children differed from 10 months to 2 years. The sample was divided into 2 age groups: from 10 months to 1 year 6 months; and from 1 year 7 months to 2 years. The methods we used were the following: “Manifestations of the crisis of the first year” questionnaire by V. Vasilenko, “Child and parent emotional interaction” questionnaire by E. Zakharova, Maternal postnatal attachment scale by J. Condon, Parental Attitude Research Instrument (РARI) by E.S. Schaefer & R.Q. Bell, Test of marriage satisfaction by Y.E. Aleshina, L.Y. Gozman, E.M. Dubovskaya. The study revealed that constructive formations of the crisis prevail over negativistic manifestations; the main formation is autonomous child speech. The postcritical phase has not been identified. The data in general show the well-being in the child and parent emotional interaction, the high maternal attachment to children, and prevalence of attitudes towards optimal emotional contact with the child and the high level of marriage satisfaction. At the same time we revealed reduced indicators of ability to perceive the child's state (29% mothers and 48% fathers), understand what causes the child’s state (26% mothers and 39% fathers), influence to the child's state (29% mothers and 26% fathers). Constructive formations of the crisis are positively correlated with the sensitivity of the mother, the maturity of her behavioral manifestations in interaction and negatively correlated with positive feelings in interaction and emotional acceptance from fathers, as well as with the maternal attitudes to excessive concentration on the child. Negativistic manifestations of the crisis are less pronounced in the case of mother’s ability to influence to the child’s state, to support him, the child’s emotional acceptance and mother’s marriage satisfaction, and more pronounced in the case of maternal attitudes to the excessive emotional distance with the child, severity and, at the same time, to partnership with the child. Thus, the mother’s sensitivity, maturity of her behavioral manifestations in interaction and parental attitudes combined with some "conditional love" from fathers can be regarded as resources for the successful flowing of the crisis of the first year. Parents need to move from strengthening their previous parenting methods to searching for new forms of interaction.
{"title":"Crisis of the First Year and Its Manifestations Due to Family Interaction","authors":"V. Vasilenko, Y. V. Natalenko, Leisure Daughters-sons","doi":"10.17223/17267080/80/9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/17267080/80/9","url":null,"abstract":"The study involved 117 people from 43 families of Saint-Petersburg. Among them there were 31 triads “mother – father -child” and 12 dyads “mother - child”, i.e. 43 children (20 boys and 23 girls), 43 mothers and 31 fathers. The age of children differed from 10 months to 2 years. The sample was divided into 2 age groups: from 10 months to 1 year 6 months; and from 1 year 7 months to 2 years. The methods we used were the following: “Manifestations of the crisis of the first year” questionnaire by V. Vasilenko, “Child and parent emotional interaction” questionnaire by E. Zakharova, Maternal postnatal attachment scale by J. Condon, Parental Attitude Research Instrument (РARI) by E.S. Schaefer & R.Q. Bell, Test of marriage satisfaction by Y.E. Aleshina, L.Y. Gozman, E.M. Dubovskaya. The study revealed that constructive formations of the crisis prevail over negativistic manifestations; the main formation is autonomous child speech. The postcritical phase has not been identified. The data in general show the well-being in the child and parent emotional interaction, the high maternal attachment to children, and prevalence of attitudes towards optimal emotional contact with the child and the high level of marriage satisfaction. At the same time we revealed reduced indicators of ability to perceive the child's state (29% mothers and 48% fathers), understand what causes the child’s state (26% mothers and 39% fathers), influence to the child's state (29% mothers and 26% fathers). Constructive formations of the crisis are positively correlated with the sensitivity of the mother, the maturity of her behavioral manifestations in interaction and negatively correlated with positive feelings in interaction and emotional acceptance from fathers, as well as with the maternal attitudes to excessive concentration on the child. Negativistic manifestations of the crisis are less pronounced in the case of mother’s ability to influence to the child’s state, to support him, the child’s emotional acceptance and mother’s marriage satisfaction, and more pronounced in the case of maternal attitudes to the excessive emotional distance with the child, severity and, at the same time, to partnership with the child. Thus, the mother’s sensitivity, maturity of her behavioral manifestations in interaction and parental attitudes combined with some \"conditional love\" from fathers can be regarded as resources for the successful flowing of the crisis of the first year. Parents need to move from strengthening their previous parenting methods to searching for new forms of interaction.","PeriodicalId":42898,"journal":{"name":"Sibirskiy Psikhologicheskiy Zhurnal-Siberian Journal of Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67571045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. V. Bredun, E. Shcheglova, Evgeniya V. Smeshko, Tamara A. Shmer
The paper presents a variant of the methodological technique to express diagnostics of peculiarities of temporal perception and person's attitude to time. The article presents the approbation results of “Temporal modality of life fulfillment questionnaire”, which allow to define ones' relation to time, time direction, time expansion, saturation by events, differentiation, and structure systems. The questionnaire consists of statements with closed type answers. The scales are based on the following characteristics: past, present, future, positive relationship, negative relationship, real representation of time, emotional (seeming) representation of time. We present the results of psychometric testing of our method. The paper discusses the results of a pilot study using the developed questionnaire. The participants of the research are first year students of bachelor, specialist and master programs. The study was conducted on TSU students in 2021. The sample size is 145 students (25 males, 120 females). We evaluated the questionnaire scales structure with exploratory factor analysis. Three factors were found. Factor 1 is the “Emotional fixation on events” scale. Scale scores demonstrate emotional relation to a time, devotion to illusory time perception. Factor 2 is the “Time of life-fulfilment realization” scale. Scale scores demonstrate time realization. It includes plans structuring, activity effectiveness estimation, experience accounting, realistic time perception. Factor 3 is the “Modal estimates balance” scale. Scale scores demonstrate present time perception wholeness. Time satisfaction allows to estimate ones subjective successfulness in time. Construct validity, conducted by correlation analysis with F. Zimbardo's questionnaire (ZTPI), shows convergence between time constructs, which allow concluding that author's questionnaire could be used for temporal time perception studies. Based on the results we argue the verification of “Temporal modality of life fulfillment” questionnaire and further studies of its reliability.
{"title":"Diagnostic Capabilities of \"Temporal Modality of Life Fulfilment\" Questionnaire","authors":"E. V. Bredun, E. Shcheglova, Evgeniya V. Smeshko, Tamara A. Shmer","doi":"10.17223/17267080/82/10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/17267080/82/10","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents a variant of the methodological technique to express diagnostics of peculiarities of temporal perception and person's attitude to time. The article presents the approbation results of “Temporal modality of life fulfillment questionnaire”, which allow to define ones' relation to time, time direction, time expansion, saturation by events, differentiation, and structure systems. The questionnaire consists of statements with closed type answers. The scales are based on the following characteristics: past, present, future, positive relationship, negative relationship, real representation of time, emotional (seeming) representation of time. We present the results of psychometric testing of our method. The paper discusses the results of a pilot study using the developed questionnaire. The participants of the research are first year students of bachelor, specialist and master programs. The study was conducted on TSU students in 2021. The sample size is 145 students (25 males, 120 females). We evaluated the questionnaire scales structure with exploratory factor analysis. Three factors were found. Factor 1 is the “Emotional fixation on events” scale. Scale scores demonstrate emotional relation to a time, devotion to illusory time perception. Factor 2 is the “Time of life-fulfilment realization” scale. Scale scores demonstrate time realization. It includes plans structuring, activity effectiveness estimation, experience accounting, realistic time perception. Factor 3 is the “Modal estimates balance” scale. Scale scores demonstrate present time perception wholeness. Time satisfaction allows to estimate ones subjective successfulness in time. Construct validity, conducted by correlation analysis with F. Zimbardo's questionnaire (ZTPI), shows convergence between time constructs, which allow concluding that author's questionnaire could be used for temporal time perception studies. Based on the results we argue the verification of “Temporal modality of life fulfillment” questionnaire and further studies of its reliability.","PeriodicalId":42898,"journal":{"name":"Sibirskiy Psikhologicheskiy Zhurnal-Siberian Journal of Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67571107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article presents an analytical review of studies in the field of extrafoveal perception. The region of extrafoveal vision combines the parafovea and periphery of the retina, so extrafoveal perception is the perception of objects which projections are outside of the fovea. For a long time, it has been believed that extrafoveal vision, in contrast to foveal, has a lower acuity and resolution and is used mainly for preliminary analysis of the visual field and selection of relevant objects for their more thorough analysis in fovea. However, the literature shows that extrafoveal perception is much more interesting and autonomous process as it has been previously considered. The paper analyzes a number of works showing that it is possible to identify both specific features of simple stimuli and rather complex objects, such as faces or whole scenes, up to the possibility of their semantic analysis, even in extrafoveal vision. The review considers the history of studies on extrafoveal perception, from the earliest works (Hueck, 1840; Aubert, Foerster, 1857) to the most recent ones of the last 5 years. These works have analyzed the main factors influencing the effectiveness of extrafoveal vision, for example, cortical magnification factor, which reflects differences in the number of neurons in the visual cortex responsible for processing stimuli depending on the region of the retina: the closer the object is to the fovea, the more neurons are involved in its processing, and vice versa. Other factors determining the efficacy of extrafoveal perception include the following: crowding effect when the target object on the periphery surrounded by distractors is identified worse than a separately located stimulus; specific characteristics of a target and distractors (for example, contexts evoking pop-out effect). Crowding effect is also related to the question of correlating two forms of processing extrafoveal information: preattentive processing (parallel “bottom up” processing) and covert attention (moving the point of deeper analysis along the visual field without eye movements) which can be controlled up to some degree. The other factors influencing the effectiveness of extrafoveal perception concern the context of a task (categorical search in laboratory conditions, analysis of the real world scenes, reactions to extrafoveal stimuli during definite activity) and individual differences. Additionally, we have analyzed the works on the possibilities of training extrafoveal perception, which can affect both higher-level processes, for example, identification of the context of complex scenes, perception of emotions and categorical visual search, and lower-level visual functions, such as identification of spatial orientation, contrast perception and reduction of crowding effect.
{"title":"Possibilities and Limitations of Extrafoveal Perception: an Analytical Review","authors":"A. Dreneva, A. Krichevets","doi":"10.17223/17267081/81/4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/17267081/81/4","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents an analytical review of studies in the field of extrafoveal perception. The region of extrafoveal vision combines the parafovea and periphery of the retina, so extrafoveal perception is the perception of objects which projections are outside of the fovea. For a long time, it has been believed that extrafoveal vision, in contrast to foveal, has a lower acuity and resolution and is used mainly for preliminary analysis of the visual field and selection of relevant objects for their more thorough analysis in fovea. However, the literature shows that extrafoveal perception is much more interesting and autonomous process as it has been previously considered. The paper analyzes a number of works showing that it is possible to identify both specific features of simple stimuli and rather complex objects, such as faces or whole scenes, up to the possibility of their semantic analysis, even in extrafoveal vision. The review considers the history of studies on extrafoveal perception, from the earliest works (Hueck, 1840; Aubert, Foerster, 1857) to the most recent ones of the last 5 years. These works have analyzed the main factors influencing the effectiveness of extrafoveal vision, for example, cortical magnification factor, which reflects differences in the number of neurons in the visual cortex responsible for processing stimuli depending on the region of the retina: the closer the object is to the fovea, the more neurons are involved in its processing, and vice versa. Other factors determining the efficacy of extrafoveal perception include the following: crowding effect when the target object on the periphery surrounded by distractors is identified worse than a separately located stimulus; specific characteristics of a target and distractors (for example, contexts evoking pop-out effect). Crowding effect is also related to the question of correlating two forms of processing extrafoveal information: preattentive processing (parallel “bottom up” processing) and covert attention (moving the point of deeper analysis along the visual field without eye movements) which can be controlled up to some degree. The other factors influencing the effectiveness of extrafoveal perception concern the context of a task (categorical search in laboratory conditions, analysis of the real world scenes, reactions to extrafoveal stimuli during definite activity) and individual differences. Additionally, we have analyzed the works on the possibilities of training extrafoveal perception, which can affect both higher-level processes, for example, identification of the context of complex scenes, perception of emotions and categorical visual search, and lower-level visual functions, such as identification of spatial orientation, contrast perception and reduction of crowding effect.","PeriodicalId":42898,"journal":{"name":"Sibirskiy Psikhologicheskiy Zhurnal-Siberian Journal of Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67572535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the holistic dynamic approach to the issues of noetic-cognitive development, the conceptual historical cycle initiated by Anaxagoras becomes particularly important. The milestones from his insight are: Nous (Anaxagoras) → Eidos (Plato) → Archetype (C.G. Jung) → Metanoia (J. White). This approach with this concept leads us to a revision of the consciousness ideals as the ultimate holistic and noetic reality. With shifts in peak experiences (based on their ultimate universes of time, space, information and energy) of noetic states of consciousness being measured today. We now can have a better non-reductive look at the transboundary qualities of the holistic realities such as trans-temporality, translocality, transinformativeness, and transergicity. The most authentic levels of holarchy are related to these ultimate universes: emergence with trans-temporality; attractiveness with translocality; fractality with trans-informativeness; and quantumness with transergicity. These levels of holarchy are manifested in the context of a person’s cognitive-noetic development as psychosemantic units of varying complexity such as values, concepts, constructs and symbols. The practical implementation of multilevel holonoetic development is possible in the context of a relevant educational system, which generates new meaning for a person and, as a result, readies them for self-realization. Harmony and synchronicity of holonoetic processes arises and is realized in creative communications, i.e. in transcommunications, which is fundamentally different from mechanical control, which inevitably forces the deprivation of degrees of freedom from the controlled object. Therefore, existential freedom in cognitive-noetic transcommunication is an important condition for creative sense formation. The objective is that the optimal “figure” of a multilevel holarchy of educational environment and a separate module of an individual educational environment will be the shape of a cone or triangle with its apex downward (a metaphor opposite to traditional education). The emergent value-semantic cycle hence would set the largest transdisciplinary scale. Further, the educational cycle would be concretized and deepened through conceptualization, constructiveness and sharp design solutions. The model of psychosemantics of a person’s noetic-cognitive development becomes effective in understanding the mutual conjugation of dynamic and structural psychosemantic modalities. They form an integral structural-dynamic matrix model. Its columns are motivation, sensitive-perception, imagination and emotional vectors. The rows of the matrix are formed by multilevel psychosemantic units: symbolic, constructive, conceptual and valuesemantic. Thus, all psychosemantic modalities form differentiated and structured semantic fields. They can be translated into systems of categories and analytical counting units of content analysis. This allows building analytical and prognostic profiles of both th
{"title":"A Holistic Model for Individual Noetic-Cognitive Development","authors":"V. I. Kabrin","doi":"10.17223/17267081/81/1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/17267081/81/1","url":null,"abstract":"With the holistic dynamic approach to the issues of noetic-cognitive development, the conceptual historical cycle initiated by Anaxagoras becomes particularly important. The milestones from his insight are: Nous (Anaxagoras) → Eidos (Plato) → Archetype (C.G. Jung) → Metanoia (J. White). This approach with this concept leads us to a revision of the consciousness ideals as the ultimate holistic and noetic reality. With shifts in peak experiences (based on their ultimate universes of time, space, information and energy) of noetic states of consciousness being measured today. We now can have a better non-reductive look at the transboundary qualities of the holistic realities such as trans-temporality, translocality, transinformativeness, and transergicity. The most authentic levels of holarchy are related to these ultimate universes: emergence with trans-temporality; attractiveness with translocality; fractality with trans-informativeness; and quantumness with transergicity. These levels of holarchy are manifested in the context of a person’s cognitive-noetic development as psychosemantic units of varying complexity such as values, concepts, constructs and symbols. The practical implementation of multilevel holonoetic development is possible in the context of a relevant educational system, which generates new meaning for a person and, as a result, readies them for self-realization. Harmony and synchronicity of holonoetic processes arises and is realized in creative communications, i.e. in transcommunications, which is fundamentally different from mechanical control, which inevitably forces the deprivation of degrees of freedom from the controlled object. Therefore, existential freedom in cognitive-noetic transcommunication is an important condition for creative sense formation. The objective is that the optimal “figure” of a multilevel holarchy of educational environment and a separate module of an individual educational environment will be the shape of a cone or triangle with its apex downward (a metaphor opposite to traditional education). The emergent value-semantic cycle hence would set the largest transdisciplinary scale. Further, the educational cycle would be concretized and deepened through conceptualization, constructiveness and sharp design solutions. The model of psychosemantics of a person’s noetic-cognitive development becomes effective in understanding the mutual conjugation of dynamic and structural psychosemantic modalities. They form an integral structural-dynamic matrix model. Its columns are motivation, sensitive-perception, imagination and emotional vectors. The rows of the matrix are formed by multilevel psychosemantic units: symbolic, constructive, conceptual and valuesemantic. Thus, all psychosemantic modalities form differentiated and structured semantic fields. They can be translated into systems of categories and analytical counting units of content analysis. This allows building analytical and prognostic profiles of both th","PeriodicalId":42898,"journal":{"name":"Sibirskiy Psikhologicheskiy Zhurnal-Siberian Journal of Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67572274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article deals with the problem of student engagement in the modern educational space. Based on the analysis of the works of Russian and foreign authors, it is shown that engagement is considered as a process, as condition, as a mechanism, as a situation, as an investment of time and energy in the performed activity. There are also various approaches to understanding the structure of engagement, its types, forms, levels, indicators and diagnostic criteria. The most studied is the behavioral side of engagement, the least studied are the mechanisms of the formation of involvement and its management. The authors proposed a systemic anthropological psychology as a methodological basis for the study of student engagement, the foundations of which were laid in the works of Tomsk scientists (V.E. Klochko, E.V. Galazhinsky, O.M. Krasnoryadtseva, O.V. Lukyanov). In this vein, the concordance between the person and the environment is considered as the main mechanism for the formation of engagement. The measure of compliance is the “resource of engagement” of a person, which includes instrumental and value and meaning characteristics. The instrumental component includes various aspects of self-regulation of activity in a changing environment, the value and meaning component is the value and meaning dimension of the objective conditions of activity. The resource of engagement determines the fundamental possibility of including a person in an environment with specific characteristics. The authors conducted an empirical study of the "resource of engagement" of students of two large universities in the Russian Far East; the sample consisted of 498 people. As a result of the factor analysis of the data, the dimensions of the concordance between the student and the educational environment were identified. These are subjective disorganization of activity (impossibility of performing activities in an environment with the specific parameters); flexibility and readiness for change (orientation towards activities in a changing environment); willingness to take responsibility (focus on own forces and resources); result orientation (experience of pleasure in achieving specific results); willingness to work in conditions of uncertainty; selfishness (self-dependence and focus on gaining benefits); focus on the labor process (without taking into account its goals and working conditions). For each option, the directions of psychological assistance aimed at increasing the academic and social involvement of students in the educational space are determined.
{"title":"Resource of Involvement as a Psychological Characteristic of the Correspondence Degree between a Person and the Educational Environment","authors":"E. Pavlova, O. M. Krasnoryadtseva","doi":"10.17223/17267081/81/3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/17267081/81/3","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the problem of student engagement in the modern educational space. Based on the analysis of the works of Russian and foreign authors, it is shown that engagement is considered as a process, as condition, as a mechanism, as a situation, as an investment of time and energy in the performed activity. There are also various approaches to understanding the structure of engagement, its types, forms, levels, indicators and diagnostic criteria. The most studied is the behavioral side of engagement, the least studied are the mechanisms of the formation of involvement and its management. The authors proposed a systemic anthropological psychology as a methodological basis for the study of student engagement, the foundations of which were laid in the works of Tomsk scientists (V.E. Klochko, E.V. Galazhinsky, O.M. Krasnoryadtseva, O.V. Lukyanov). In this vein, the concordance between the person and the environment is considered as the main mechanism for the formation of engagement. The measure of compliance is the “resource of engagement” of a person, which includes instrumental and value and meaning characteristics. The instrumental component includes various aspects of self-regulation of activity in a changing environment, the value and meaning component is the value and meaning dimension of the objective conditions of activity. The resource of engagement determines the fundamental possibility of including a person in an environment with specific characteristics. The authors conducted an empirical study of the \"resource of engagement\" of students of two large universities in the Russian Far East; the sample consisted of 498 people. As a result of the factor analysis of the data, the dimensions of the concordance between the student and the educational environment were identified. These are subjective disorganization of activity (impossibility of performing activities in an environment with the specific parameters); flexibility and readiness for change (orientation towards activities in a changing environment); willingness to take responsibility (focus on own forces and resources); result orientation (experience of pleasure in achieving specific results); willingness to work in conditions of uncertainty; selfishness (self-dependence and focus on gaining benefits); focus on the labor process (without taking into account its goals and working conditions). For each option, the directions of psychological assistance aimed at increasing the academic and social involvement of students in the educational space are determined.","PeriodicalId":42898,"journal":{"name":"Sibirskiy Psikhologicheskiy Zhurnal-Siberian Journal of Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67572466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the framework of the existential-narrative approach developed by the authors, the ideas about the family as a special microcultural system are defined. Family microculture is con-sidered as a psychosemantic reality built up during the family formation, reproducing itself in history and generating a figurative and cognitive model of self-perception, behavior and lifespan for each of the family members. This is a form of family subjectivity, which appears as a result of the particular psychological way of life that has developed over the course of cooperative existence of several family generations and provides for intrafamily psychologi-cal similarity. Family microculture transmits an assimilated and concentrated in texts experi-ence to a growing subject. This experience is generally suitable for a number of situations that the family considers significant and that can potentially occur on a person’s life path. The subject interiorizes this experience not so much as a role model and reproduction, but as a general modus, as the logic of behavior, hidden in everyday life and approved by the micro-social environment. The presented analysis of the content of family microculture allows us to understand it as a special precedential psychosemantic reality. Intra-family psychosemantics often appears in the consciousness of a developing person as a “pre-life-experienced” sample, which subsequently determines the choice and perception of other images, units, texts, espe-cially when a person has no individual experience with the realities which they describe. The authors propose a structure and content model of family microculture, in which four clusters are distinguished: “Family rituals and traditions” (contributes to the establishment of basic patterns and models of human interaction with the surrounding reality and corresponds to the behavioral part of the developing “Self-concept”), “Family and genealogical connections” (determines the formation of figurative and cognitive self-representations in the context of other family members existence and the family as a whole, experiences of intrafamily affinity and psychological similarity), “Spatial and material milieu of a family” (identifies relation-ships between family members through artefacts and the organization of home space, builds semantic-symbolic connections of a man and his family genealogy, influencing his emotional sphere and value orientations) and “Family Narratives” (concentrated on the value-semantic and motivational components of the “Self-concept”, facilitating individuation and promoting the subject’s adaptation to reality). Each of the clusters is presented in four dimensions: 1) its specific function in the family microculture; 2) its psychosemantic content; 3) action and/or material “carriers” of this content; 4) “points of application” - socializing potentials that fix certain semantics in the personal autobiographical memory.
{"title":"Psychosemantic Aspects of Family Microculture","authors":"E. Sapogova, M. A. Gorelkina","doi":"10.17223/17267080/80/4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/17267080/80/4","url":null,"abstract":"In the framework of the existential-narrative approach developed by the authors, the ideas about the family as a special microcultural system are defined. Family microculture is con-sidered as a psychosemantic reality built up during the family formation, reproducing itself in history and generating a figurative and cognitive model of self-perception, behavior and lifespan for each of the family members. This is a form of family subjectivity, which appears as a result of the particular psychological way of life that has developed over the course of cooperative existence of several family generations and provides for intrafamily psychologi-cal similarity. Family microculture transmits an assimilated and concentrated in texts experi-ence to a growing subject. This experience is generally suitable for a number of situations that the family considers significant and that can potentially occur on a person’s life path. The subject interiorizes this experience not so much as a role model and reproduction, but as a general modus, as the logic of behavior, hidden in everyday life and approved by the micro-social environment. The presented analysis of the content of family microculture allows us to understand it as a special precedential psychosemantic reality. Intra-family psychosemantics often appears in the consciousness of a developing person as a “pre-life-experienced” sample, which subsequently determines the choice and perception of other images, units, texts, espe-cially when a person has no individual experience with the realities which they describe. The authors propose a structure and content model of family microculture, in which four clusters are distinguished: “Family rituals and traditions” (contributes to the establishment of basic patterns and models of human interaction with the surrounding reality and corresponds to the behavioral part of the developing “Self-concept”), “Family and genealogical connections” (determines the formation of figurative and cognitive self-representations in the context of other family members existence and the family as a whole, experiences of intrafamily affinity and psychological similarity), “Spatial and material milieu of a family” (identifies relation-ships between family members through artefacts and the organization of home space, builds semantic-symbolic connections of a man and his family genealogy, influencing his emotional sphere and value orientations) and “Family Narratives” (concentrated on the value-semantic and motivational components of the “Self-concept”, facilitating individuation and promoting the subject’s adaptation to reality). Each of the clusters is presented in four dimensions: 1) its specific function in the family microculture; 2) its psychosemantic content; 3) action and/or material “carriers” of this content; 4) “points of application” - socializing potentials that fix certain semantics in the personal autobiographical memory.","PeriodicalId":42898,"journal":{"name":"Sibirskiy Psikhologicheskiy Zhurnal-Siberian Journal of Psychology","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67570559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article is a review of the book "Sources of the meaning of life: a new method of personality psychodiagnostics" by the Belarusian psychologist K.V. Karpinskij. It is argued that the meaning of life became the subject of special psychological research only in the 20th century. In recent years, there have been many breakthroughs in this area, and undoubted progress is visible. There was a transition to the interpretation of the meaning of life as a systemic, that means, in other words, multicomponent and multilevel mental education. In his previous works K.V. Karpinskij subjected the problem of the psychology of the meaning of life to a comprehensive analysis. This book has no analogues among the observable thematic literature and contains new theoretical ideas, original methodological solutions and rich factual material, which together form a new look at the key methodological issues of the psychology of the meaning of life. First of all, this is a question about the subject and method of research. Despite the fact that the study of the psychology of the meaning of life is largely represented in foreign psychology, the author of the monograph consistently adheres to the methodology of Russian psychology. The book offers the author's methodology "Sources of the meaning of life", which was created with a full understanding of the advantages and disadvantages, opportunities and limitations of existing foreign analogues. Being a diagnostic complex in its composition, this technique has incorporated proven diagnostic techniques, as well as completely new techniques for studying the meaning of life. The methodology clearly surpasses the existing tools in its diagnostic (research) capabilities.
{"title":"What is the Sense of Life, and How Can We Study It? Review of the monograph: Sources of the sense of life. A new method of personality psychodiagnostics, by K.V Karpinskij","authors":"V. Mazilov","doi":"10.17223/17267081/81/12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/17267081/81/12","url":null,"abstract":"The article is a review of the book \"Sources of the meaning of life: a new method of personality psychodiagnostics\" by the Belarusian psychologist K.V. Karpinskij. It is argued that the meaning of life became the subject of special psychological research only in the 20th century. In recent years, there have been many breakthroughs in this area, and undoubted progress is visible. There was a transition to the interpretation of the meaning of life as a systemic, that means, in other words, multicomponent and multilevel mental education. In his previous works K.V. Karpinskij subjected the problem of the psychology of the meaning of life to a comprehensive analysis. This book has no analogues among the observable thematic literature and contains new theoretical ideas, original methodological solutions and rich factual material, which together form a new look at the key methodological issues of the psychology of the meaning of life. First of all, this is a question about the subject and method of research. Despite the fact that the study of the psychology of the meaning of life is largely represented in foreign psychology, the author of the monograph consistently adheres to the methodology of Russian psychology. The book offers the author's methodology \"Sources of the meaning of life\", which was created with a full understanding of the advantages and disadvantages, opportunities and limitations of existing foreign analogues. Being a diagnostic complex in its composition, this technique has incorporated proven diagnostic techniques, as well as completely new techniques for studying the meaning of life. The methodology clearly surpasses the existing tools in its diagnostic (research) capabilities.","PeriodicalId":42898,"journal":{"name":"Sibirskiy Psikhologicheskiy Zhurnal-Siberian Journal of Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67572387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The research is devoted to finding the attributes that would allow detailing the factors breaking Fitts's law. Fitts's law ties together the distance to a target area with the accuracy and movement time. Frequency analysis of two time rows that depict, respectively, the accuracy and time needed to solve the task, is used. To analyze the results we used the periodogram method. It allows us to evaluate how the period of time, given to a person under test, appears in his solutions of the task. The features of periodicity suppression are interpreted as specific characteristics of people under test. The research deals with the data received from 1023 test takers, each of those solved 120 tasks. It is not only the fact of interrupting the given periodicity revealed in the results, but also a set of typical cases of such interruption is demonstrated from the points of view of two traditionally used variables - accuracy and time - and a new, third, variable, that is the accurate and fast solution mindset. This mindset is given as a special kind of instruction during the test. As a result, the authors revealed that Fitts's law manifestation on the level of periods that subordinate distance changes is distinctive for the majority of test takers. However, the character of periodicity changes easily. For example, it was found out that about a half of examinees demonstrate the periodicity consisting of 30 tasks, this periodicity appears stable both from the points of speed and accuracy, and on the level of dependent variables. At the same time, the periodicity of 10 tasks depends a lot on the speed. A small amount of results characterized by the local absence of periodicity was also found. The authors remark successful application of the attribute construction method, it allows us to describe in detail the character of individual differences manifestation, being short and compact in giving new descriptive attributes at the same time. The ways of improving and perfecting the methods of interactive spatial choice task solving are planned in the long view.
{"title":"Attribute Construction of Individual Differences in the “Speed - Accuracy Compromise” Task Using the Periodograms","authors":"D. Y. Balanev, I. A. Kulikov","doi":"10.17223/17267080/82/5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/17267080/82/5","url":null,"abstract":"The research is devoted to finding the attributes that would allow detailing the factors breaking Fitts's law. Fitts's law ties together the distance to a target area with the accuracy and movement time. Frequency analysis of two time rows that depict, respectively, the accuracy and time needed to solve the task, is used. To analyze the results we used the periodogram method. It allows us to evaluate how the period of time, given to a person under test, appears in his solutions of the task. The features of periodicity suppression are interpreted as specific characteristics of people under test. The research deals with the data received from 1023 test takers, each of those solved 120 tasks. It is not only the fact of interrupting the given periodicity revealed in the results, but also a set of typical cases of such interruption is demonstrated from the points of view of two traditionally used variables - accuracy and time - and a new, third, variable, that is the accurate and fast solution mindset. This mindset is given as a special kind of instruction during the test. As a result, the authors revealed that Fitts's law manifestation on the level of periods that subordinate distance changes is distinctive for the majority of test takers. However, the character of periodicity changes easily. For example, it was found out that about a half of examinees demonstrate the periodicity consisting of 30 tasks, this periodicity appears stable both from the points of speed and accuracy, and on the level of dependent variables. At the same time, the periodicity of 10 tasks depends a lot on the speed. A small amount of results characterized by the local absence of periodicity was also found. The authors remark successful application of the attribute construction method, it allows us to describe in detail the character of individual differences manifestation, being short and compact in giving new descriptive attributes at the same time. The ways of improving and perfecting the methods of interactive spatial choice task solving are planned in the long view.","PeriodicalId":42898,"journal":{"name":"Sibirskiy Psikhologicheskiy Zhurnal-Siberian Journal of Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67570795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Today Russian schools face the need of involving the upbringing process as controlled socialization in their educational program, in order to both increase psychological well-being of students and invest in building a prosocial model of future adults' behavior. This article examines the possibilities of practical application for the concepts of positive psychology as a tool for controlled socialization of school-age children. The problem field of challenges is viewed in general, as educational process in school and within the framework of direct educational communication between teacher and student. The main goal of the article is to outline the challenges related with socialization during educational process of school-aged children in Russia and show the efficiency of positive psychology approach and tools. We managed to perform a brief review of positive psychological interventions (PPI), in form of educational programs implemented all over the world with empirically proven effectiveness, such as “The Penn Resiliency Program” (PRP), “The SPARK Resiliency Program”, “Bounce Back!”, “Going for the goal”, “Personal Synthesis Program” (PSP), etc. Furthermore, we try to outline main strategic concepts of implementing positive psychology as a tool for controlled socialization of school-age children in Russia, as well as state the efficiency of using PPI in schools, matching their outcome effects with the challenges of socialization process of students in schools. We suppose that practical implementation of PPI will effectively influence not only psychological well-being and social skills of students, but professional skills of teachers too. We call scientists working in a field of education and psychology in Russia to put more attention on developing PPI methodological materials for schools. Keeping in mind, that the form of these practical materials should be done in a way, which will allow teacher, even with no special expertise in psychology, to be able to perform positive psychological intervention in a classroom. Moreover, we do believe that well-constructed PPI presented in a form of methodological materials for teachers and school administration will have the positive multiplication effect on every significant aspect, which we outline as main strategic concepts of implementing positive psychology as a tool for controlled socialization of school-age children.
{"title":"Positive Psychology as a Tool for Moderating the Socialization Process of School-Age Children","authors":"A. Rean, Alexey A. Stavtsev, A. V. Egorova","doi":"10.17223/17267080/82/11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/17267080/82/11","url":null,"abstract":"Today Russian schools face the need of involving the upbringing process as controlled socialization in their educational program, in order to both increase psychological well-being of students and invest in building a prosocial model of future adults' behavior. This article examines the possibilities of practical application for the concepts of positive psychology as a tool for controlled socialization of school-age children. The problem field of challenges is viewed in general, as educational process in school and within the framework of direct educational communication between teacher and student. The main goal of the article is to outline the challenges related with socialization during educational process of school-aged children in Russia and show the efficiency of positive psychology approach and tools. We managed to perform a brief review of positive psychological interventions (PPI), in form of educational programs implemented all over the world with empirically proven effectiveness, such as “The Penn Resiliency Program” (PRP), “The SPARK Resiliency Program”, “Bounce Back!”, “Going for the goal”, “Personal Synthesis Program” (PSP), etc. Furthermore, we try to outline main strategic concepts of implementing positive psychology as a tool for controlled socialization of school-age children in Russia, as well as state the efficiency of using PPI in schools, matching their outcome effects with the challenges of socialization process of students in schools. We suppose that practical implementation of PPI will effectively influence not only psychological well-being and social skills of students, but professional skills of teachers too. We call scientists working in a field of education and psychology in Russia to put more attention on developing PPI methodological materials for schools. Keeping in mind, that the form of these practical materials should be done in a way, which will allow teacher, even with no special expertise in psychology, to be able to perform positive psychological intervention in a classroom. Moreover, we do believe that well-constructed PPI presented in a form of methodological materials for teachers and school administration will have the positive multiplication effect on every significant aspect, which we outline as main strategic concepts of implementing positive psychology as a tool for controlled socialization of school-age children.","PeriodicalId":42898,"journal":{"name":"Sibirskiy Psikhologicheskiy Zhurnal-Siberian Journal of Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67571160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. S. Yanitskiy, A. Seryy, O. A. Braun, R. O. Balabashchuk, O. Maslova, A. Miklyaeva, V. Tereshchenko, I. A. Filenko, R. Sanzhaeva, S. Dagbaeva, Y. Y. Neyaskina, R. Kadyrov
The image of the world is considered as a psychological system that includes spatial-temporal and value-semantic dimensions. The theoretical analysis of the research problem allows us to state as follows. There is a contradiction between the significance of objective natural and geographical factors in the formation of a human's lifestyle, and the lack of knowledge of their influence on the formation of his subjective image of the world. The pur-pose of this article is to study the determination of subjective chronotopic characteristics of the human world image by objective environmental factors. The study involved 450 residents of 10 Russian cities that differ significantly in their natural and geographical features. The following characteristics of the respondents’ place of residence were evaluated: geographical latitude; the degree of discrepancy between the offi-cial time zone and the actual time set by geographical longitude; the average annual tempera-ture; the number of sunshine hours per year. The complex of psychodiagnostic methods included the author’s questionnaire of structure identity; the graphic test "Circles"; the scale of polychronous values; the scale of time value as an economic resource; the semantic differen-tial of time; the author’s methodology of studying value preferences; the test of life-meaning orientations. Natural and geographical features of the life environment determine significant diffe-rences in the spatial-temporal and value-semantic characteristics of the subjective image of the world. Representatives of the northern territories have a significant belonging to the modern generation, the semantic connectedness of the time perspective, and the subjective value of time. They see their present and future as about anxious and tense; they focus on the values of adaptation, as well as internality. Residents of warm regions have a more signi-ficant gender and family identity, semantic connectedness of the time perspective, anxiety of their present, orientation to the values of adaptation. If the officially set time goes ahead over the actual longitudinal time, it is correlated with the disturbing image of the present, the idea of saturation, brightness and iridescence of past and future, focus on the value of sociali-zation. The environmental characteristics of residence have a significant impact on the subjective image of reality. The greatest value among the considered determinants is the geographical latitude of the place of residence. The influence of environmental determinants on the subjec-tive parameters of the image of the world is indirectly related to the intermediate links such as economic and cultural type or psychophysiological characteristics of life activity in the corresponding natural conditions.
{"title":"The Image of the World as a Psychological System and Its Environmental Determinantsy","authors":"M. S. Yanitskiy, A. Seryy, O. A. Braun, R. O. Balabashchuk, O. Maslova, A. Miklyaeva, V. Tereshchenko, I. A. Filenko, R. Sanzhaeva, S. Dagbaeva, Y. Y. Neyaskina, R. Kadyrov","doi":"10.17223/17267080/80/1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/17267080/80/1","url":null,"abstract":"The image of the world is considered as a psychological system that includes spatial-temporal and value-semantic dimensions. The theoretical analysis of the research problem allows us to state as follows. There is a contradiction between the significance of objective natural and geographical factors in the formation of a human's lifestyle, and the lack of knowledge of their influence on the formation of his subjective image of the world. The pur-pose of this article is to study the determination of subjective chronotopic characteristics of the human world image by objective environmental factors. The study involved 450 residents of 10 Russian cities that differ significantly in their natural and geographical features. The following characteristics of the respondents’ place of residence were evaluated: geographical latitude; the degree of discrepancy between the offi-cial time zone and the actual time set by geographical longitude; the average annual tempera-ture; the number of sunshine hours per year. The complex of psychodiagnostic methods included the author’s questionnaire of structure identity; the graphic test \"Circles\"; the scale of polychronous values; the scale of time value as an economic resource; the semantic differen-tial of time; the author’s methodology of studying value preferences; the test of life-meaning orientations. Natural and geographical features of the life environment determine significant diffe-rences in the spatial-temporal and value-semantic characteristics of the subjective image of the world. Representatives of the northern territories have a significant belonging to the modern generation, the semantic connectedness of the time perspective, and the subjective value of time. They see their present and future as about anxious and tense; they focus on the values of adaptation, as well as internality. Residents of warm regions have a more signi-ficant gender and family identity, semantic connectedness of the time perspective, anxiety of their present, orientation to the values of adaptation. If the officially set time goes ahead over the actual longitudinal time, it is correlated with the disturbing image of the present, the idea of saturation, brightness and iridescence of past and future, focus on the value of sociali-zation. The environmental characteristics of residence have a significant impact on the subjective image of reality. The greatest value among the considered determinants is the geographical latitude of the place of residence. The influence of environmental determinants on the subjec-tive parameters of the image of the world is indirectly related to the intermediate links such as economic and cultural type or psychophysiological characteristics of life activity in the corresponding natural conditions.","PeriodicalId":42898,"journal":{"name":"Sibirskiy Psikhologicheskiy Zhurnal-Siberian Journal of Psychology","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67570379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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