Alexandra M. Shishkov, V. Bocharov, Yuliya S. Chernaya
Introduction. The process of raising a child can be associated with a significant number of chronic stressors that lead to the depletion of parents' mental resources. Parents of a child with disabilities, in addition to the usual stressors associated with the upbringing process, often bear an additional stress load due to the need to implement specialized measures aimed at maintaining the child's health and ensuring normal socialization. This dramatically increases the risk of parental burnout. At the moment, there is an acute shortage of specialized methods for assessing burnout for this contingent. Aims and objectives. The purpose of this study was to assess the psychometric characteristics of this technique “Level of Parental Emotional Burnout” (LPEB/PV), designed with reference to the family relationship context. Materials and Methods. The study involved 138 parents (mean age 36.5; SD = 7.01) of chronically ill children. The assessment of convergent and divergent validity of LPEB/PV was carried out using the methodology for diagnosing attitudes towards a child's illness, a questionnaire of symptomatic complaints (SCL-90-R), a family environment scale (FSS), and the Scale of basic beliefs in adaptation by M.A. Padun and A.V. Kotelnikova. Results. The conducted research showed that the scales of the LPEB/PV methodology corresponded to the developed theoretical construct, that is, it confirmed the construct validity of the methodology. The presented results demonstrate good psychometric characteristics of the LPEB/PV methodology in all studied parameters: re-test reliability and reliability of content samples, internal construct, convergent and divergent cross-validity. It is apparent for the necessity of additional study of the phenomenon from the highly personal engagement of the fight against the child's illness by parents. The scales reflecting this phenomenon found a correlation between the scales diagnosing manifestations of distress in parents with the situation of a child's chronic illness. Conclusion. Based on the results of the primary psychometric test, it can be said that the LPEB/PV method can be used to study emotional burnout in parents of chronically ill children, both in specialized counseling centers and in healthcare facilities where children with disabilities are treated.
{"title":"Evaluation of Psychometric Properties of “Level of Parental Emotional Burnout”","authors":"Alexandra M. Shishkov, V. Bocharov, Yuliya S. Chernaya","doi":"10.17223/17267080/83/8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/17267080/83/8","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The process of raising a child can be associated with a significant number of chronic stressors that lead to the depletion of parents' mental resources. Parents of a child with disabilities, in addition to the usual stressors associated with the upbringing process, often bear an additional stress load due to the need to implement specialized measures aimed at maintaining the child's health and ensuring normal socialization. This dramatically increases the risk of parental burnout. At the moment, there is an acute shortage of specialized methods for assessing burnout for this contingent. Aims and objectives. The purpose of this study was to assess the psychometric characteristics of this technique “Level of Parental Emotional Burnout” (LPEB/PV), designed with reference to the family relationship context. Materials and Methods. The study involved 138 parents (mean age 36.5; SD = 7.01) of chronically ill children. The assessment of convergent and divergent validity of LPEB/PV was carried out using the methodology for diagnosing attitudes towards a child's illness, a questionnaire of symptomatic complaints (SCL-90-R), a family environment scale (FSS), and the Scale of basic beliefs in adaptation by M.A. Padun and A.V. Kotelnikova. Results. The conducted research showed that the scales of the LPEB/PV methodology corresponded to the developed theoretical construct, that is, it confirmed the construct validity of the methodology. The presented results demonstrate good psychometric characteristics of the LPEB/PV methodology in all studied parameters: re-test reliability and reliability of content samples, internal construct, convergent and divergent cross-validity. It is apparent for the necessity of additional study of the phenomenon from the highly personal engagement of the fight against the child's illness by parents. The scales reflecting this phenomenon found a correlation between the scales diagnosing manifestations of distress in parents with the situation of a child's chronic illness. Conclusion. Based on the results of the primary psychometric test, it can be said that the LPEB/PV method can be used to study emotional burnout in parents of chronically ill children, both in specialized counseling centers and in healthcare facilities where children with disabilities are treated.","PeriodicalId":42898,"journal":{"name":"Sibirskiy Psikhologicheskiy Zhurnal-Siberian Journal of Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67570954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Tsiring, E. A. Sergeenko, I. Ponomareva, Y. Pakhomova, M. N. Mironchenko
Introduction. One of the most common localizations where there is a connection between early diagnosis, timely treatment and a successful outcome of a disease is breast cancer. The behavior of a woman is associated with whether she is seeking medical help earlier or later, this now is for the first time determined, among other things, by a number of psychological characteristics of her personality. These can be cognitive beliefs included in her picture of the world, locus of control, resilience, and life orientation. The aim of this study is to identify a set of psychological predictive markers that determine the moment of initial medical treatment (early or late stages of the disease) of women with primary luminal breast cancer. Materials and methods. Survey methods were used as research methods: World assumptions scale R. Janoff-Bulman (by M.A. Padun, A.V. Kotelnikova), locus of control scale J.B. Rotter (by E.F. Bazhin, E.A. Golynkina, L.M. Etkind), Life Orientation Test M.F. Scheier, C.S. Carver (by Tsiring D.A., Evnina K.Yu.), Hardiness Survey S. Maddi (by D. Leontiev), methods of mathematical statistics: methods of descriptive statistics, univariate analysis of variance, discriminant analysis. The study involved 138 women with breast cancer in the I-III stages of the disease, who for the first time sought professional medical help. Results. The study of the psychological characteristics of women with breast cancer who first consulted a doctor at various stages of the disease revealed a set of predictive markers that contribute to seeking medical help earlier or later. Women who were diagnosed with cancer at stage I of the disease (early treatment) were characterized by: in comparison with the others, low assessment of their own significance and value, low indicators of life orientation (dispositional pessimism). Whereas in women who applied at stage III of the disease (late treatment), to a lesser extent compared to others, their belief of control in general manifested, however, in situations of achievement and professional relations, the locus of control of these women is internal. Also, for women who applied at The study was funded by Russian Science Foundation, project number 19-18-00426. the third stage of the disease, the indicators of engagement and resilience are lower than for women who applied at the early stages. Analysis of the psychological variables that differentiate women according to the stages of primary treatment showed that resilience, internality in the field of their achievement and life orientation affect the behavior of women associated with the initial visit to the doctor.
{"title":"Psychological Predictors of Early Access for a Doctor among Women with Primary Luminal Breast Cancer","authors":"D. Tsiring, E. A. Sergeenko, I. Ponomareva, Y. Pakhomova, M. N. Mironchenko","doi":"10.17223/17267080/84/7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/17267080/84/7","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. One of the most common localizations where there is a connection between early diagnosis, timely treatment and a successful outcome of a disease is breast cancer. The behavior of a woman is associated with whether she is seeking medical help earlier or later, this now is for the first time determined, among other things, by a number of psychological characteristics of her personality. These can be cognitive beliefs included in her picture of the world, locus of control, resilience, and life orientation. The aim of this study is to identify a set of psychological predictive markers that determine the moment of initial medical treatment (early or late stages of the disease) of women with primary luminal breast cancer. Materials and methods. Survey methods were used as research methods: World assumptions scale R. Janoff-Bulman (by M.A. Padun, A.V. Kotelnikova), locus of control scale J.B. Rotter (by E.F. Bazhin, E.A. Golynkina, L.M. Etkind), Life Orientation Test M.F. Scheier, C.S. Carver (by Tsiring D.A., Evnina K.Yu.), Hardiness Survey S. Maddi (by D. Leontiev), methods of mathematical statistics: methods of descriptive statistics, univariate analysis of variance, discriminant analysis. The study involved 138 women with breast cancer in the I-III stages of the disease, who for the first time sought professional medical help. Results. The study of the psychological characteristics of women with breast cancer who first consulted a doctor at various stages of the disease revealed a set of predictive markers that contribute to seeking medical help earlier or later. Women who were diagnosed with cancer at stage I of the disease (early treatment) were characterized by: in comparison with the others, low assessment of their own significance and value, low indicators of life orientation (dispositional pessimism). Whereas in women who applied at stage III of the disease (late treatment), to a lesser extent compared to others, their belief of control in general manifested, however, in situations of achievement and professional relations, the locus of control of these women is internal. Also, for women who applied at The study was funded by Russian Science Foundation, project number 19-18-00426. the third stage of the disease, the indicators of engagement and resilience are lower than for women who applied at the early stages. Analysis of the psychological variables that differentiate women according to the stages of primary treatment showed that resilience, internality in the field of their achievement and life orientation affect the behavior of women associated with the initial visit to the doctor.","PeriodicalId":42898,"journal":{"name":"Sibirskiy Psikhologicheskiy Zhurnal-Siberian Journal of Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67571353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Y. Balanev, Evgeniya V. Smeshko, Dmitry A. Koch
The aim of the study is experimental modeling of the individual process of organizing cognitive space by the subjects in a situation of real problem solving. The relevance of the problem of studying the influence of motor activity on the process of solving cognitive problems is determined by the fact that the phenomenon of motor activity in terms of its psychological content remains one of the central categories of research in foreign and domestic psychology. The article discusses the results of a laboratory experiment obtained using analysis tools based on fixing a motion track. The sample of the experimental group consisted of 30 people ages 18-24 years (19 males and 11 females), students of Tomsk State University. The classical task "Tower of Hanoi" was chosen as a method for studying human motor activity in solving a cognitive task. For the data analysis, a qualitative method using computer technology was used - the R-project program with a graphical user interface RStudio. The results presented in this study used three different conditions for presenting the "Tower of Hanoi" task and showed that various changes in visual representation affect the motor activity of subjects in different ways. An analysis of the dynamics of motor activity in the process of solving a cognitive task made it possible to identify the main markers of motor activity and repetitive patterns that arose as a result of visual feedback reconstruction. Five types of cognitive solving tasks were identified, differing from each other in different dynamics of movement and speed characteristics. Motor patterns of solving a cognitive task in various conditions were noted. We found, from the results of the study, a variant of the developed simulator of cognitive skills for controlling the visual correction of the subject's motor activity in the process of solving a cognitive task. The proposed version of the cognitive simulator opens up new possibilities for evaluating the variety of actions of a user who chooses certain cognitive strategies.
{"title":"Diagnostic Capabilities of the Software-Hardware Complex “Motor Components of Cognitive Problem Solving”","authors":"D. Y. Balanev, Evgeniya V. Smeshko, Dmitry A. Koch","doi":"10.17223/17267080/85/5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/17267080/85/5","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study is experimental modeling of the individual process of organizing cognitive space by the subjects in a situation of real problem solving. The relevance of the problem of studying the influence of motor activity on the process of solving cognitive problems is determined by the fact that the phenomenon of motor activity in terms of its psychological content remains one of the central categories of research in foreign and domestic psychology. The article discusses the results of a laboratory experiment obtained using analysis tools based on fixing a motion track. The sample of the experimental group consisted of 30 people ages 18-24 years (19 males and 11 females), students of Tomsk State University. The classical task \"Tower of Hanoi\" was chosen as a method for studying human motor activity in solving a cognitive task. For the data analysis, a qualitative method using computer technology was used - the R-project program with a graphical user interface RStudio. The results presented in this study used three different conditions for presenting the \"Tower of Hanoi\" task and showed that various changes in visual representation affect the motor activity of subjects in different ways. An analysis of the dynamics of motor activity in the process of solving a cognitive task made it possible to identify the main markers of motor activity and repetitive patterns that arose as a result of visual feedback reconstruction. Five types of cognitive solving tasks were identified, differing from each other in different dynamics of movement and speed characteristics. Motor patterns of solving a cognitive task in various conditions were noted. We found, from the results of the study, a variant of the developed simulator of cognitive skills for controlling the visual correction of the subject's motor activity in the process of solving a cognitive task. The proposed version of the cognitive simulator opens up new possibilities for evaluating the variety of actions of a user who chooses certain cognitive strategies.","PeriodicalId":42898,"journal":{"name":"Sibirskiy Psikhologicheskiy Zhurnal-Siberian Journal of Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67571846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article is devoted to the discussion of the problem of abilities that are relevant for psychological science. The abilities we consider are in the context of modern theoretical and methodological problems of domestic psychology: the conceptual space of psychology, the definition of the subject and method, and the organization of psychological research. It has been debated for some time (beginning in the 1960s) in Russian psychology, the important methodological significance of abilities in explaining numerous aspects of a person's mental life. During which time, a holistic psychological theory of abilities in domestic psychology was not created. The purpose of this article is a theoretical substantiation of the role and place of concepts of abilities in the construction of modern psychological research. The study used the communicative methodology of psychology, allowing us to better consider the process of psychological research as a transformation of the initial abstraction by the researchers in the direction of choosing: the main idea of the study, the base category and modeling representation. Research methods: are the analysis of the role and place of concept of abilities in the design of modern psychological research from material of empirical and experimental data published in leading peer-reviewed journals of 2010 to 2022. As a result, it was found that domestic psychologists use the concept of ability actively in different ways; this defined the main idea of the study. We used, both subjective (from self-awareness), and objective (from behavior), and complex variants of the correlation of the subject and method of studying abilities. This allows us to assert that the concept of ability has an important methodological significance in terms of constructing modern empirical and experimental research. In addition, it showed that the concept of ability performs an important explanatory function in solving the problems of differentiating subjects according to individual psychological characteristics, as well as in explaining the success of performing different types and types of activities.
{"title":"Abilities as explanatory concept in modern psychology","authors":"V. Mazilov, Yurii N. Slepko","doi":"10.17223/17267080/85/2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/17267080/85/2","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the discussion of the problem of abilities that are relevant for psychological science. The abilities we consider are in the context of modern theoretical and methodological problems of domestic psychology: the conceptual space of psychology, the definition of the subject and method, and the organization of psychological research. It has been debated for some time (beginning in the 1960s) in Russian psychology, the important methodological significance of abilities in explaining numerous aspects of a person's mental life. During which time, a holistic psychological theory of abilities in domestic psychology was not created. The purpose of this article is a theoretical substantiation of the role and place of concepts of abilities in the construction of modern psychological research. The study used the communicative methodology of psychology, allowing us to better consider the process of psychological research as a transformation of the initial abstraction by the researchers in the direction of choosing: the main idea of the study, the base category and modeling representation. Research methods: are the analysis of the role and place of concept of abilities in the design of modern psychological research from material of empirical and experimental data published in leading peer-reviewed journals of 2010 to 2022. As a result, it was found that domestic psychologists use the concept of ability actively in different ways; this defined the main idea of the study. We used, both subjective (from self-awareness), and objective (from behavior), and complex variants of the correlation of the subject and method of studying abilities. This allows us to assert that the concept of ability has an important methodological significance in terms of constructing modern empirical and experimental research. In addition, it showed that the concept of ability performs an important explanatory function in solving the problems of differentiating subjects according to individual psychological characteristics, as well as in explaining the success of performing different types and types of activities.","PeriodicalId":42898,"journal":{"name":"Sibirskiy Psikhologicheskiy Zhurnal-Siberian Journal of Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67572082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. A. Velikanov, Yulia L. Levashkevich, A. A. Stoljarova, E. Demchenko
In patients with cardiovascular diseases, including CHD, the prevalence of anxiety and depression is considerable. Cognitive behavioral therapy is believed to be an effective tool for treating anxiety and depression. In the theory underlying cognitive behavioral psychotherapy, cognitive distortions play an important role. Cognitive distortions are misperception and misprocessing of information. Cognitive distortions are not a sign of mental disorders, however, their presence when assessing any situations (for example, while waiting for cardiac surgery) can lead to a range of psychological problems, in particular, to the development of anxiety and depression. Thus, the study of cognitive distortions in patients with cardiovascular diseases is of great importance in the view of the possibility of their negative impact on the mental state. Besides, according to the theoretical foundations of cognitive behavioral therapy, the presence of cognitive distortions also affects the interpersonal interaction (distorted perception of information, incorrect interpretation of behavior in the process of communication, etc.). Accordingly, the presence of cognitive distortions can also negatively affect patientdoctor interaction and adherence to treatment. The research aims to study the cognitive distortions and psychological characteristics of patients with CHD before CABG taking into consideration sex and age. The present study involved 60 patients with CHD, including 32 men (53%) and 28 women (47%). The average age of patients was 63 ± 8 years. Two groups of subjects were identified by age criterion: up to 65 years old and over 65 years old. To study cognitive distortions, the interview, and psychological testing (SCL-90-R and BIG 5 questionnaires) were carried out. All patients had different types of cognitive distortions. Men were more likely to spontaneous conclusions (37.5%), women were more likely to have overgeneralization (35%). In patients of the older age group (65<), the prevalence of dichotomous thinking was more frequent (25.92%). According to the results of the SCL-90-R questionnaire, women before CABG have higher indices of somatization, interpersonal sensitivity, and anxiety; men have higher indices of hostility. Patients over 65 years old have a higher level of somatization and depression. According to the results of the BIG 5 test, the majority of patients demonstrated a "below average" level in terms of "conscientiousness", "agreeableness", "openness to experience". For men, in terms of extraversion, the "above average" level was more common, while for women it was "level below average". When planning psychological testing and psychotherapy before CABG and during the rehabilitation, the identified psychological characteristics of patients and the specificity of cognitive distortions should be taken into account.
{"title":"Age and sex determined differences in cognitive distortions and psychological traits in patients with coronary heart disease before coronary artery bypass surgery","authors":"A. A. Velikanov, Yulia L. Levashkevich, A. A. Stoljarova, E. Demchenko","doi":"10.17223/17267080/83/10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/17267080/83/10","url":null,"abstract":"In patients with cardiovascular diseases, including CHD, the prevalence of anxiety and depression is considerable. Cognitive behavioral therapy is believed to be an effective tool for treating anxiety and depression. In the theory underlying cognitive behavioral psychotherapy, cognitive distortions play an important role. Cognitive distortions are misperception and misprocessing of information. Cognitive distortions are not a sign of mental disorders, however, their presence when assessing any situations (for example, while waiting for cardiac surgery) can lead to a range of psychological problems, in particular, to the development of anxiety and depression. Thus, the study of cognitive distortions in patients with cardiovascular diseases is of great importance in the view of the possibility of their negative impact on the mental state. Besides, according to the theoretical foundations of cognitive behavioral therapy, the presence of cognitive distortions also affects the interpersonal interaction (distorted perception of information, incorrect interpretation of behavior in the process of communication, etc.). Accordingly, the presence of cognitive distortions can also negatively affect patientdoctor interaction and adherence to treatment. The research aims to study the cognitive distortions and psychological characteristics of patients with CHD before CABG taking into consideration sex and age. The present study involved 60 patients with CHD, including 32 men (53%) and 28 women (47%). The average age of patients was 63 ± 8 years. Two groups of subjects were identified by age criterion: up to 65 years old and over 65 years old. To study cognitive distortions, the interview, and psychological testing (SCL-90-R and BIG 5 questionnaires) were carried out. All patients had different types of cognitive distortions. Men were more likely to spontaneous conclusions (37.5%), women were more likely to have overgeneralization (35%). In patients of the older age group (65<), the prevalence of dichotomous thinking was more frequent (25.92%). According to the results of the SCL-90-R questionnaire, women before CABG have higher indices of somatization, interpersonal sensitivity, and anxiety; men have higher indices of hostility. Patients over 65 years old have a higher level of somatization and depression. According to the results of the BIG 5 test, the majority of patients demonstrated a \"below average\" level in terms of \"conscientiousness\", \"agreeableness\", \"openness to experience\". For men, in terms of extraversion, the \"above average\" level was more common, while for women it was \"level below average\". When planning psychological testing and psychotherapy before CABG and during the rehabilitation, the identified psychological characteristics of patients and the specificity of cognitive distortions should be taken into account.","PeriodicalId":42898,"journal":{"name":"Sibirskiy Psikhologicheskiy Zhurnal-Siberian Journal of Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67571001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Nasledov, S. Miroshnikov, O. Zashchirinskaia, Lyubov' О. Tkacheva, Natalia N. Kompanets
In this study, we continued the development of diagnostic tools for the rapid identification (screening) of the risk of developing autism (ASD) in children ages 3 and 4. In 2020, we conducted a study on a sample population of 324 children ages 3 and 4, including 116 children with ASD. As a result, an Autism Scale was developed and standardized, consisting of 40 points (symptoms of autism) predicting the child's tendency to ASD within an accuracy of 86.73 - 89.9%. The scale forms into 4 factors (subscales) giving degrees in which children with ASD differ from children without ASD. The objectives of this study were: to test the validity and effectiveness of the developed Autism Scale on a wider sample; study of errors in diagnosing the risk of ASD and the possibility of improving the developed methodology; development of a full-fledged diagnostic technique suitable for practical use. The issues studied in this article cover such aspects of ASD as: the synchronism of the manifestation of ASD symptoms; homogeneity/heterogeneity of the sample for these symptoms; differences between ASD, DD and Normal, and what points allow you to identify these differences. The sample of this study included 178 children with ASD, 124 children with mental retardation, and 203 children with normal development, that is without a clinical diagnosis (Normal). Via an online survey, data was collected on the children with pre-diagnosed symptoms by using a specially designed questionnaire given to 32 specialists (psychologists, defectolo-gists) who worked with these children. The expanded sampling resulted in confirmation of validity, reliability and effectiveness of the developed autism scale, which includes 4 subscales: "Emotional disorders", "Sensory disorders", "Communication disorders" and "Disinhibition". The accuracy of the scale is 88.91% (sensitivity 92.1%, specificity 87.2%). Instructions, stimulus material and test norms for the practical application of the scale were created. Using a 2-stage cluster analysis, 4 groups (clusters) of children with ASD were identified, with significantly different symptom profiles. At the same time, one of these groups (26% of the ASD sample) in terms of symptom profile is the closest to the DD group, and it accounts for 90% of the errors when predicting the risk of ASD. For the remaining clusters, the prediction accuracy of ASD risk is 98.6%. It was found that the main source of errors in predicting the risk of ASD is that in 28.5% of cases children with DD are attributed with ASD symptoms. Our further prospective research is clarification of the typology of ASD symptoms.
{"title":"Autism Scale Application for Identifying the Risk of Mental Development Disorders among Children Ages 3 And 4","authors":"A. Nasledov, S. Miroshnikov, O. Zashchirinskaia, Lyubov' О. Tkacheva, Natalia N. Kompanets","doi":"10.17223/17267080/83/9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/17267080/83/9","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we continued the development of diagnostic tools for the rapid identification (screening) of the risk of developing autism (ASD) in children ages 3 and 4. In 2020, we conducted a study on a sample population of 324 children ages 3 and 4, including 116 children with ASD. As a result, an Autism Scale was developed and standardized, consisting of 40 points (symptoms of autism) predicting the child's tendency to ASD within an accuracy of 86.73 - 89.9%. The scale forms into 4 factors (subscales) giving degrees in which children with ASD differ from children without ASD. The objectives of this study were: to test the validity and effectiveness of the developed Autism Scale on a wider sample; study of errors in diagnosing the risk of ASD and the possibility of improving the developed methodology; development of a full-fledged diagnostic technique suitable for practical use. The issues studied in this article cover such aspects of ASD as: the synchronism of the manifestation of ASD symptoms; homogeneity/heterogeneity of the sample for these symptoms; differences between ASD, DD and Normal, and what points allow you to identify these differences. The sample of this study included 178 children with ASD, 124 children with mental retardation, and 203 children with normal development, that is without a clinical diagnosis (Normal). Via an online survey, data was collected on the children with pre-diagnosed symptoms by using a specially designed questionnaire given to 32 specialists (psychologists, defectolo-gists) who worked with these children. The expanded sampling resulted in confirmation of validity, reliability and effectiveness of the developed autism scale, which includes 4 subscales: \"Emotional disorders\", \"Sensory disorders\", \"Communication disorders\" and \"Disinhibition\". The accuracy of the scale is 88.91% (sensitivity 92.1%, specificity 87.2%). Instructions, stimulus material and test norms for the practical application of the scale were created. Using a 2-stage cluster analysis, 4 groups (clusters) of children with ASD were identified, with significantly different symptom profiles. At the same time, one of these groups (26% of the ASD sample) in terms of symptom profile is the closest to the DD group, and it accounts for 90% of the errors when predicting the risk of ASD. For the remaining clusters, the prediction accuracy of ASD risk is 98.6%. It was found that the main source of errors in predicting the risk of ASD is that in 28.5% of cases children with DD are attributed with ASD symptoms. Our further prospective research is clarification of the typology of ASD symptoms.","PeriodicalId":42898,"journal":{"name":"Sibirskiy Psikhologicheskiy Zhurnal-Siberian Journal of Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67571085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Solodukhin, S. Pomeshkina, I. N. Lyapina, M. Yanitskiy
To increase the availability of cardiac rehabilitation and prevent psycho-emotional disorders after heart surgery, specialists from the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases (CPSSZ) developed the program “Remote Rehabilitation of Patients After Heart Surgery”. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between indicators of the attitude of the disease and the frequency of using the remote rehabilitation program. The program included 46 patients who underwent cardiac surgery at the Research Institute of CPSSZ. The TOBOL test method was used to determine preoperative psychological parameters. On the 2nd-3rd day after undergoing heart surgery, the patient installed on their smartphone an application for remote rehabilitation, which consisted of 5 sections: Precribed walking, Therapeutic exercises, Diet, Psychology and Chat. Within 4 months after inclusion in the program, using a telephone survey, an analysis was made of the patient's adherence to this program and an assessment of its relationship with indicators of the internal picture of the disease. From the results of the study, it was confirmed that the main reason for refusing to participate in remote rehabilitation was the insufficient psychological attitude of patients to work together with medical specialists. Namely, “maladaptive” shock of melancholic and dysphoric variants of the internal picture of the disease on adherence to remote rehabilitation, which requires additional psycho-corrective work.
{"title":"Adherence to Participation in a Remote Rehabilitation Program in Patients that Have Undergone Open-Heart Surgery, Depending on the Characteristics of their Attitude to the Disease","authors":"A. Solodukhin, S. Pomeshkina, I. N. Lyapina, M. Yanitskiy","doi":"10.17223/17267080/84/8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/17267080/84/8","url":null,"abstract":"To increase the availability of cardiac rehabilitation and prevent psycho-emotional disorders after heart surgery, specialists from the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases (CPSSZ) developed the program “Remote Rehabilitation of Patients After Heart Surgery”. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between indicators of the attitude of the disease and the frequency of using the remote rehabilitation program. The program included 46 patients who underwent cardiac surgery at the Research Institute of CPSSZ. The TOBOL test method was used to determine preoperative psychological parameters. On the 2nd-3rd day after undergoing heart surgery, the patient installed on their smartphone an application for remote rehabilitation, which consisted of 5 sections: Precribed walking, Therapeutic exercises, Diet, Psychology and Chat. Within 4 months after inclusion in the program, using a telephone survey, an analysis was made of the patient's adherence to this program and an assessment of its relationship with indicators of the internal picture of the disease. From the results of the study, it was confirmed that the main reason for refusing to participate in remote rehabilitation was the insufficient psychological attitude of patients to work together with medical specialists. Namely, “maladaptive” shock of melancholic and dysphoric variants of the internal picture of the disease on adherence to remote rehabilitation, which requires additional psycho-corrective work.","PeriodicalId":42898,"journal":{"name":"Sibirskiy Psikhologicheskiy Zhurnal-Siberian Journal of Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67571404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
According to data from scientific literature, children who experience living in child institutions (or baby homes) with social and emotional deprivation are significantly behind their peers in development, but after moving to a foster family (FF), this gap can lessen. Further published information shows, there is evidence that age of a child and time characteristics in the form of length of stay in an institution or in family play a significant role in “catching up”. The aim of this research was to study the relationship of the age of children, as well as length of stay in the baby home (BH) and in a FF with indicators of caregiver-child interaction at both stages (1) in the BH before transfer to post-institutional care and (2) after transfer to FF. The study involved 21 children with experience of institutionalization (the average age of children at the assessment in the BH was 21.6 ± 12.7 months; at the foster families stage was 49.8 ± 16.7 months) and their caregivers (personnel of BH and substitute parents in FF). The quality of caregiver-child interaction was studied using the PCERA (The Parent - Child Early Relational Assessment) method based on analysis of video recordings of caregiver-child free play. The results obtained in the BH before transfer to post-institutional care indicate the presence of a positive relationship between individual caregiver and child indicators of interaction, as well as the overall total indicator of interaction with the age of children at the time of assessment. The indicator of interaction on the part of children "Positive emotions, eye contact" is associated with the age at which children entered the BH. After the transition of children to FF, most of the indicators on the part of children are associated with the age at which they entered the BH, while “Emotional stability, absence of negative affect, compliance” shown by the children is associated with the age of transition to FF. The data obtained in the work are discussed from the point of view of the influence of the social and emotional experience of children on the indicators of their interaction with the caregivers.
{"title":"Relationship of Indicators of Caregiver-Child Interaction with the Child's Age and Length of Stay in a Baby Home and Foster Families","authors":"Ekaterina V. Shabalina, R. Muhamedrahimov","doi":"10.17223/17267080/84/9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/17267080/84/9","url":null,"abstract":"According to data from scientific literature, children who experience living in child institutions (or baby homes) with social and emotional deprivation are significantly behind their peers in development, but after moving to a foster family (FF), this gap can lessen. Further published information shows, there is evidence that age of a child and time characteristics in the form of length of stay in an institution or in family play a significant role in “catching up”. The aim of this research was to study the relationship of the age of children, as well as length of stay in the baby home (BH) and in a FF with indicators of caregiver-child interaction at both stages (1) in the BH before transfer to post-institutional care and (2) after transfer to FF. The study involved 21 children with experience of institutionalization (the average age of children at the assessment in the BH was 21.6 ± 12.7 months; at the foster families stage was 49.8 ± 16.7 months) and their caregivers (personnel of BH and substitute parents in FF). The quality of caregiver-child interaction was studied using the PCERA (The Parent - Child Early Relational Assessment) method based on analysis of video recordings of caregiver-child free play. The results obtained in the BH before transfer to post-institutional care indicate the presence of a positive relationship between individual caregiver and child indicators of interaction, as well as the overall total indicator of interaction with the age of children at the time of assessment. The indicator of interaction on the part of children \"Positive emotions, eye contact\" is associated with the age at which children entered the BH. After the transition of children to FF, most of the indicators on the part of children are associated with the age at which they entered the BH, while “Emotional stability, absence of negative affect, compliance” shown by the children is associated with the age of transition to FF. The data obtained in the work are discussed from the point of view of the influence of the social and emotional experience of children on the indicators of their interaction with the caregivers.","PeriodicalId":42898,"journal":{"name":"Sibirskiy Psikhologicheskiy Zhurnal-Siberian Journal of Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67571479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the study is to develop and test an express diagnostic method for determining psychosemantic markers of self-regulation components deficiency in clients during an online counseling situation. The article describes the specifics of the population's appeals to psychological services from universities for psychological help since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. It shows that people's requests have a different focus: problems with behavior, problems with cognitive functions, problems with emotions, will, motivation, etc. However, a common component in all requests is a pronounced lack of self-regulatory resources in solving problems that arise in situations of increasing uncertainty. The study results of psychosemantic markers of components deficiency in human selfregulation during situations of increasing uncertainty are presented. The relevance of the results of the components deficiency in human self-regulation is determined by the fact that self-regulation is an important resource of an individual, which contributes to successful adaptation to various life difficulties and situations, including situations of forced increasing uncertainty such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Using the analysis of various theoretical works and empirical studies, 4 main groups of deficits (deficiencies) of self-regulation, characteristic of people in a situation of increasing uncertainty, were identified: deficiency of the operational component of self-regulation, deficiency of the emotional-volitional component of selfregulation, deficiency of the motivational component of self-regulation and deficiency in the individual-personal component of self-regulation. This empirical study of psychosemantic markers of deficiency in self-regulation components was carried out using the method of content analysis of requests from people who applied for help to the TSU psychological service during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was noted that the number of deficiencies in different people are both minimal (only 1 type of deficiency occurs) and maximum (all 4 identified types of deficiency occur). Thus, the predominant type of deficiency among people who applied for help to the psychological service of TSU was the deficit of the emotional-volitional component of self-regulation, namely, problems with the regulation of fear, anxiety and aggression. This fact indicates that the situation of uncertainty to a greater extent affected the emotional component of the psyche. In addition, it is the selfregulation of emotions that is one of the most complex types of self-regulation, and this is probably why there are more related requests to it. The deficit of the operational component of self-regulation was the least common. The novelty of the study is the indications psycho-semantic tools, which allows collecting diagnostic information in the course of working with a client on an online consultative platform.
{"title":"Psychosemantic Markers of Deficiency in Self-Regulation Components during Situations of Increasing Uncertainty","authors":"O. M. Krasnoryadtseva, Azamat B. Najman","doi":"10.17223/17267080/85/10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/17267080/85/10","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study is to develop and test an express diagnostic method for determining psychosemantic markers of self-regulation components deficiency in clients during an online counseling situation. The article describes the specifics of the population's appeals to psychological services from universities for psychological help since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. It shows that people's requests have a different focus: problems with behavior, problems with cognitive functions, problems with emotions, will, motivation, etc. However, a common component in all requests is a pronounced lack of self-regulatory resources in solving problems that arise in situations of increasing uncertainty. The study results of psychosemantic markers of components deficiency in human selfregulation during situations of increasing uncertainty are presented. The relevance of the results of the components deficiency in human self-regulation is determined by the fact that self-regulation is an important resource of an individual, which contributes to successful adaptation to various life difficulties and situations, including situations of forced increasing uncertainty such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Using the analysis of various theoretical works and empirical studies, 4 main groups of deficits (deficiencies) of self-regulation, characteristic of people in a situation of increasing uncertainty, were identified: deficiency of the operational component of self-regulation, deficiency of the emotional-volitional component of selfregulation, deficiency of the motivational component of self-regulation and deficiency in the individual-personal component of self-regulation. This empirical study of psychosemantic markers of deficiency in self-regulation components was carried out using the method of content analysis of requests from people who applied for help to the TSU psychological service during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was noted that the number of deficiencies in different people are both minimal (only 1 type of deficiency occurs) and maximum (all 4 identified types of deficiency occur). Thus, the predominant type of deficiency among people who applied for help to the psychological service of TSU was the deficit of the emotional-volitional component of self-regulation, namely, problems with the regulation of fear, anxiety and aggression. This fact indicates that the situation of uncertainty to a greater extent affected the emotional component of the psyche. In addition, it is the selfregulation of emotions that is one of the most complex types of self-regulation, and this is probably why there are more related requests to it. The deficit of the operational component of self-regulation was the least common. The novelty of the study is the indications psycho-semantic tools, which allows collecting diagnostic information in the course of working with a client on an online consultative platform.","PeriodicalId":42898,"journal":{"name":"Sibirskiy Psikhologicheskiy Zhurnal-Siberian Journal of Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67572065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article considers the meaningful understanding of the category "subjective well-being of Russian schoolchildren" and determines the methodological rationale for developing an assessment system for it. The subjective well-being of Russian students' families is studied through the level of positive/negative emotions and the realization of personal potential, i.e. as satisfaction with such areas of life as family and education. The aim is to describe the methodology for developing an assessment system for subjective well-being of Russian schoolchildren at different stages of education, based on the theoretical analysis of existing meaningful interpretations of the "subjective well-being" category and methods for identifying its level. The task of developing the assessment system for subjective well-being is being solved by identifying and justifying social and psychological factors of family and school environment. Significant factors that affect the children's well-being can include family relationships, spiritual unity, material security, relations with classmates, learning achievements, educational environment. To develop the assessment system we used methods of system analysis, methods of induction and deduction, methods of mathematical analysis, the method of factor analysis and others. The methodology for determining the subjective well-being of Russian schoolchildren includes a criterial framework and assessment tools. Taking into account the identified social and psychological factors of family and school environment, the subjective well-being is studied in criteria of satisfaction/dissatisfaction (positive/negative emotions) and realization of a child's personality potential. The assessment system presents the criteria for identifying the subjective well-being of Russian schoolchildren at different levels of education as two blocks: family and educational well-being. The methodological structuring of the criteria allowed us to develop mathematical formulas which can be used to obtain numerical expressions of both the level of subjective well-being itself and the levels of family and educational well-being.
{"title":"Assessment System for Subjective Well-being of Russian Schoolchildren: a Theoretical and Methodological Rationale","authors":"N. B. Avalueva, A. Alekseeva, Evelina F. Alieva","doi":"10.17223/17267080/83/6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/17267080/83/6","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers the meaningful understanding of the category \"subjective well-being of Russian schoolchildren\" and determines the methodological rationale for developing an assessment system for it. The subjective well-being of Russian students' families is studied through the level of positive/negative emotions and the realization of personal potential, i.e. as satisfaction with such areas of life as family and education. The aim is to describe the methodology for developing an assessment system for subjective well-being of Russian schoolchildren at different stages of education, based on the theoretical analysis of existing meaningful interpretations of the \"subjective well-being\" category and methods for identifying its level. The task of developing the assessment system for subjective well-being is being solved by identifying and justifying social and psychological factors of family and school environment. Significant factors that affect the children's well-being can include family relationships, spiritual unity, material security, relations with classmates, learning achievements, educational environment. To develop the assessment system we used methods of system analysis, methods of induction and deduction, methods of mathematical analysis, the method of factor analysis and others. The methodology for determining the subjective well-being of Russian schoolchildren includes a criterial framework and assessment tools. Taking into account the identified social and psychological factors of family and school environment, the subjective well-being is studied in criteria of satisfaction/dissatisfaction (positive/negative emotions) and realization of a child's personality potential. The assessment system presents the criteria for identifying the subjective well-being of Russian schoolchildren at different levels of education as two blocks: family and educational well-being. The methodological structuring of the criteria allowed us to develop mathematical formulas which can be used to obtain numerical expressions of both the level of subjective well-being itself and the levels of family and educational well-being.","PeriodicalId":42898,"journal":{"name":"Sibirskiy Psikhologicheskiy Zhurnal-Siberian Journal of Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67570814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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