With the growth of global computer networks, virtual communities have become an important new way for people to interact. People are beginning to realize that networks are not only affecting the way businesses operate, but also our everyday lives [7]. One of the simplest examples of a virtual community is online chat. Through a chat application, one can participate in diverse discussions with numerous people, many of whom are strangers.
{"title":"Virtual communities and team formation","authors":"Yanru Zhang, Michael Weiss","doi":"10.1145/973381.973386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/973381.973386","url":null,"abstract":"With the growth of global computer networks, virtual communities have become an important new way for people to interact. People are beginning to realize that networks are not only affecting the way businesses operate, but also our everyday lives [7]. One of the simplest examples of a virtual community is online chat. Through a chat application, one can participate in diverse discussions with numerous people, many of whom are strangers.","PeriodicalId":429016,"journal":{"name":"ACM Crossroads","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130420207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over the last ten years, the number of Internet hosts has grown at an accelerated rate; slowdowns and traffic jams are plaguing the information superhighway. Consequently, companies struggle to meet the rising demand for speedy quality service. Unfortunately, the control mechanisms available today are not enough to handle the congestion problem we currently face. When we talk about the causes of congestion today, we have to decompose them into two major categories: one is congestion caused by legitimate traffic, and the other is congestion caused by malicious activities. In this article, we are going to focus on congestion created by malicious activities, specifically Denial of Service (DOS) Attacks.
{"title":"Tracing the development of denial of service attacks: a corporate analogy","authors":"Yanet Manzano","doi":"10.1145/973381.973385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/973381.973385","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last ten years, the number of Internet hosts has grown at an accelerated rate; slowdowns and traffic jams are plaguing the information superhighway. Consequently, companies struggle to meet the rising demand for speedy quality service. Unfortunately, the control mechanisms available today are not enough to handle the congestion problem we currently face. When we talk about the causes of congestion today, we have to decompose them into two major categories: one is congestion caused by legitimate traffic, and the other is congestion caused by malicious activities. In this article, we are going to focus on congestion created by malicious activities, specifically Denial of Service (DOS) Attacks.","PeriodicalId":429016,"journal":{"name":"ACM Crossroads","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132909672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
What I work on: All aspects of how computers communicate with each other, and how computers and humans communicate with each other (See "Wizard without Portfolio"). How I arrived at my present job: In the 1990s, while at Stanford, I wrote the multi-player network shareware game Bolo, which was a big hit at places like Apple. I was also vocal, even back then, about the abysmal state of ease-of-use for computer networking. When the good people at Apple heard in 1997 that I was close to finishing my PhD, they called me up and asked if I'd like to go and work there to pursue my goal of networking ease-of-use. I think the lesson from that is that if you do good stuff
我从事的工作:计算机如何相互通信的所有方面，以及计算机和人类如何相互通信(参见“Wizard without Portfolio”)。如何获得现在的工作:20世纪90年代，当我还在斯坦福大学时，我编写了多人网络共享软件游戏《Bolo》，这款游戏在苹果等公司大受欢迎。即使在当时，我也曾直言不讳地说过，计算机网络的易用性糟糕透顶。1997年，当苹果公司的优秀人士听说我即将完成博士学位时，他们打电话给我，问我是否愿意去那里工作，以实现我的目标，即使网络易于使用。我认为从中得到的教训是，如果你做了好事
{"title":"A day in the life of... Stuart Cheshire","authors":"Stuart Cheshire","doi":"10.1145/973381.973383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/973381.973383","url":null,"abstract":"What I work on: All aspects of how computers communicate with each other, and how computers and humans communicate with each other (See \"Wizard without Portfolio\"). How I arrived at my present job: In the 1990s, while at Stanford, I wrote the multi-player network shareware game Bolo, which was a big hit at places like Apple. I was also vocal, even back then, about the abysmal state of ease-of-use for computer networking. When the good people at Apple heard in 1997 that I was close to finishing my PhD, they called me up and asked if I'd like to go and work there to pursue my goal of networking ease-of-use. I think the lesson from that is that if you do good stuff","PeriodicalId":429016,"journal":{"name":"ACM Crossroads","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132194954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The impact of the Internet on the mechanics and culture of education and research is only beginning to manifest itself. There are a great number of open problems and challenges in this area. This article reviews some of the current trends in classroom computing and the use of Web technology in education. The article also explores how the strengths of technology have successfully been applied to the needs of education in both academic and business environments.
{"title":"Using the web to enhance and transform education","authors":"M. Hulme, M. Locasto","doi":"10.1145/973381.973387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/973381.973387","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of the Internet on the mechanics and culture of education and research is only beginning to manifest itself. There are a great number of open problems and challenges in this area. This article reviews some of the current trends in classroom computing and the use of Web technology in education. The article also explores how the strengths of technology have successfully been applied to the needs of education in both academic and business environments.","PeriodicalId":429016,"journal":{"name":"ACM Crossroads","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115260827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Do you know what a "LAN party" is? Have you ever participated in a LAN party? If your answer is "no," you do not know how much fun you are missing. A LAN party is a formal, and sometimes informal, ad-hoc gathering of computer game aficionados, in which dozens of players compete against each other over a local area network (LAN). Gamers look forward to playing against some other human beings, instead of playing against the machine. One can do this over a residential connection (be it dialup or broadband), but there is so much more excitement when the players are actually collocated: the joy of doing well mixed with the "despair" of losing yet another round fill the same room. Players are eager to leave the solitude of their room to discover the solidarity of a LAN party. In a way, a LAN party demonstrates that computer networks enable people not only to communicate, find information, do business, and even make money, but to have fun as well.
{"title":"Networking: more fun, less hassle","authors":"K. Pentikousis","doi":"10.1145/904080.904081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/904080.904081","url":null,"abstract":"Do you know what a \"LAN party\" is? Have you ever participated in a LAN party? If your answer is \"no,\" you do not know how much fun you are missing. A LAN party is a formal, and sometimes informal, ad-hoc gathering of computer game aficionados, in which dozens of players compete against each other over a local area network (LAN). Gamers look forward to playing against some other human beings, instead of playing against the machine. One can do this over a residential connection (be it dialup or broadband), but there is so much more excitement when the players are actually collocated: the joy of doing well mixed with the \"despair\" of losing yet another round fill the same room. Players are eager to leave the solitude of their room to discover the solidarity of a LAN party. In a way, a LAN party demonstrates that computer networks enable people not only to communicate, find information, do business, and even make money, but to have fun as well.","PeriodicalId":429016,"journal":{"name":"ACM Crossroads","volume":"160 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121553037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Routing Information Protocol [RIP] is extended to include a network-wide unique interface identifier [UID] that allows the zeroconfiguration multiple router [R1, R2] network to detect subnet conflicts. Detected conflicts are automatically repaired by the respective routers assigning and advertising new subnet mappings. The extended, Zeroconfiguration Routing Information Protocol [ZRIP] employs a NORMAL/CHANGE status flag associated with each routing table entry to resolve ambiguity between normal routing advertisements and conflict notifications. Address re-mapping and name-to-address resolution is provided to support both network address translation [NAT] and virtualized address paradigms.
{"title":"Zero configuration networking","authors":"D. Stirling, Firas Al-Ali","doi":"10.1145/904080.904084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/904080.904084","url":null,"abstract":"The Routing Information Protocol [RIP] is extended to include a network-wide unique interface identifier [UID] that allows the zeroconfiguration multiple router [R1, R2] network to detect subnet conflicts. Detected conflicts are automatically repaired by the respective routers assigning and advertising new subnet mappings. The extended, Zeroconfiguration Routing Information Protocol [ZRIP] employs a NORMAL/CHANGE status flag associated with each routing table entry to resolve ambiguity between normal routing advertisements and conflict notifications. Address re-mapping and name-to-address resolution is provided to support both network address translation [NAT] and virtualized address paradigms.","PeriodicalId":429016,"journal":{"name":"ACM Crossroads","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130009840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bluetooth is a low-power, short-range wireless technology originally developed for replacing cables when connecting devices like mobile phones, headsets and computers. It has since evolved into a wireless standard for connecting electronic devices to form Personal Area Networks (PANs) as well as ad hoc networks. Not only will cables be unnecessary for connecting devices, but connections will also be done seamlessly without the need for installations and software drivers. With this technology, devices will be able to discover any other Bluetooth-enabled device, determine its capabilities and applications, and establish connections for data exchange.
{"title":"Bluetooth: a technical overview","authors":"Myra Dideles","doi":"10.1145/904080.904083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/904080.904083","url":null,"abstract":"Bluetooth is a low-power, short-range wireless technology originally developed for replacing cables when connecting devices like mobile phones, headsets and computers. It has since evolved into a wireless standard for connecting electronic devices to form Personal Area Networks (PANs) as well as ad hoc networks. Not only will cables be unnecessary for connecting devices, but connections will also be done seamlessly without the need for installations and software drivers. With this technology, devices will be able to discover any other Bluetooth-enabled device, determine its capabilities and applications, and establish connections for data exchange.","PeriodicalId":429016,"journal":{"name":"ACM Crossroads","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127583873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Distributed interactive games offer players a three dimensional virtual world experience. Within this virtual world, players interact with each other and with their environment in real-time. They experience the same events, but from different viewpoints. As interactive games have evolved, they have driven the technologies underlying them. The distinguishing feature of any distributed interactive game is the network: the medium by which information is exchanged and shared between participants. The network impacts not only the design and development of distributed interactive games, but also their potential entertainment value. In this article, four of the fundamental networking issues and their effect on the design and operation of distributed interactive games will be discussed. In addition, a description of the different communication architectures used in distributed interactive games will be provided. Finally, as an illustrative example, these issues will be related to Unreal Tournament, a popular distributed interactive game.
{"title":"Game-state fidelity across distributed interactive games","authors":"Aaron McCoy, D. Delaney, Tomas E. Ward","doi":"10.1145/1144382.1144385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1144382.1144385","url":null,"abstract":"Distributed interactive games offer players a three dimensional virtual world \u0000experience. Within this virtual world, players interact with each other and with their \u0000environment in real-time. They experience the same events, but from different \u0000viewpoints. \u0000As interactive games have evolved, they have driven the technologies underlying \u0000them. The distinguishing feature of any distributed interactive game is the network: \u0000the medium by which information is exchanged and shared between participants. The \u0000network impacts not only the design and development of distributed interactive games, \u0000but also their potential entertainment value. \u0000In this article, four of the fundamental networking issues and their effect on the design \u0000and operation of distributed interactive games will be discussed. In addition, a \u0000description of the different communication architectures used in distributed interactive \u0000games will be provided. Finally, as an illustrative example, these issues will be related \u0000to Unreal Tournament, a popular distributed interactive game.","PeriodicalId":429016,"journal":{"name":"ACM Crossroads","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126005992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The negative effects of a poorly designed transportation system affect everyone. Time wasted in traffic affects our health, our economy, and our environment. People stuck in traffic are not working, shopping or enjoying leisure time and can suffer emotional distress. Furthermore, fuel consumed by idling cars produces additional greenhouse gases that may contribute to global warming. In 1995, 26% of all emissions were found to come from transportation, and those emissions are rising [5]. Reducing automobile emissions will be an essential part of meeting the Kyoto Accord's target emission levels.
{"title":"The application of artificial intelligence to transportation system design","authors":"Ricardo M. Hoar, Joanne K. Penner","doi":"10.1145/904073.904076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/904073.904076","url":null,"abstract":"The negative effects of a poorly designed transportation system affect everyone. Time wasted in traffic affects our health, our economy, and our environment. People stuck in traffic are not working, shopping or enjoying leisure time and can suffer emotional distress. Furthermore, fuel consumed by idling cars produces additional greenhouse gases that may contribute to global warming. In 1995, 26% of all emissions were found to come from transportation, and those emissions are rising [5]. Reducing automobile emissions will be an essential part of meeting the Kyoto Accord's target emission levels.","PeriodicalId":429016,"journal":{"name":"ACM Crossroads","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128718622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A parallel algorithm for DNA alignment","authors":"Thomas E. Royce, Rance D. Necaise","doi":"10.1145/904073.904077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/904073.904077","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":429016,"journal":{"name":"ACM Crossroads","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126835384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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