Pub Date : 2023-04-28DOI: 10.15407/knit2023.02.032
W. M. Mahmoud, D. Elfiky, S. Robaa, M. Elnawawy, S. M. Yousef
The article presents a retrospective review of atomic oxygen (AO) research in low Earth orbit (LEO).The space environment of LEO is a barrier to all satellites passing through it. Several of its constituent parts pose a great danger to satellite materials and subsystems. Such orbits are convenient for remote sensing and experimental satellites. In order to maintain the operational level of spacecraft, it is necessary to carry out thorough studies of the LEO environment and its components. AO, which is a hyperactive state of oxygen, is considered one of the most dangerous components of the LEO environment. It can react with many materials and thereby change the physical, optical and mechanical properties that affect the functionality of the satellite. To maintain the satellite in its orbit with a certain margin of reliability, it is necessary to reduce the aggressive influence on it of the environmental components of LEO. Predicting the impact of AO on materials that will be used in space ensures their correct selection. The work provides some recommendations for the creation of AO facilities for testing materials exposed to the aggressive influence of the space environment.
{"title":"ATOMIC OXYGEN IN LOW EARTH ORBITS, A RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW STUDY","authors":"W. M. Mahmoud, D. Elfiky, S. Robaa, M. Elnawawy, S. M. Yousef","doi":"10.15407/knit2023.02.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/knit2023.02.032","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents a retrospective review of atomic oxygen (AO) research in low Earth orbit (LEO).The space environment of LEO is a barrier to all satellites passing through it. Several of its constituent parts pose a great danger to satellite materials and subsystems. Such orbits are convenient for remote sensing and experimental satellites. In order to maintain the operational level of spacecraft, it is necessary to carry out thorough studies of the LEO environment and its components. AO, which is a hyperactive state of oxygen, is considered one of the most dangerous components of the LEO environment. It can react with many materials and thereby change the physical, optical and mechanical properties that affect the functionality of the satellite. To maintain the satellite in its orbit with a certain margin of reliability, it is necessary to reduce the aggressive influence on it of the environmental components of LEO. Predicting the impact of AO on materials that will be used in space ensures their correct selection. The work provides some recommendations for the creation of AO facilities for testing materials exposed to the aggressive influence of the space environment.","PeriodicalId":42936,"journal":{"name":"Space Science and Technology-Kosmicna Nauka i Tehnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67117551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-28DOI: 10.15407/knit2023.02.054
L. Chernogor
The Tonga volcano explosion has already been considered in many papers, which investigate the effects of tsunamis, explosiveatmospheric waves, traveling ionospheric disturbances, the perturbations of the equatorial anomaly, rearrangement of the ionospheric currents and of the atmospheric wind pattern, disturbances in the geomagnetic field, etc. It is reliably established that the explosion of the Tonga volcano caused a number of processes on a global scale. However, the mo deling of these processes is absent in the literature. The volcano is able to launch a whole complex of physical processes in all geophysical fields of the Earth (lithosphere, tectonosphere, ocean) – atmosphere – ionosphere – magnetosphere (EAIM) system. Analysis of the entire set of processes in the system caused by a unique explosion and volcanic eruption is a pressing scientific issue. The scientific objective of this study is to perform a comprehensive analysis and modeling of the main physical processes within the EAIM system, which accompanied the powerful explosion of the Tonga volcano on January 15, 2022. The article attempts to model or estimate the magnitude of the main effects caused by the explosion and eruption of the Tonga volcano. A comprehensive analysis and modeling of the main physical processes in the EAIM system, which accompanied the powerful explosi on and eruption of the Tonga volcano on January 15, 2022, has been performed. The energetics of the volcano and the explosive atmospheric wave has been estimated. The thermal energy of the volcano attained ~ 3.9×1018 J, while the mean thermal power has been estimated to be 9.1×1013 W. The energy of the explosive atmospheric wave was about 16–17 Mt TNT. The volcanic flow with an initial pressure of tens of atmospheres was determined to reach a few kilometers height, while the volcanic plume attained the peak altitude of 50–58 k m and moved 15 Mm we stward. The main parameters of the plume have been estimated. The plume’s mean power was 7.5 TW, and its heat flux was 15 MW/m2. With such a flux, one should have expected the appearance of a fire tornado with an ~0.17 s–1 angular frequency or a 37 s tornado rotation period. An analytical relation has been derived for estimating the maximum altitude of the plume rise. The main contribution to the magnitude of this altitude makes the volumetric discharge rate. The volcano explosion was accompanied by the generation of seismic and explosive atmospheric waves, tsunamis, Lamb waves, atmospheric gravity waves, infrasound, and sound, which propagated on a global scale. It is important to note that the powerful explosiveatmospheric wave could launch a secondary seismic wave and a secondary tsunami, which was one of the manifestations of subsystem couplings in the EAIM system. The propagation of powerful waves was accompanied by non-linear distortions of the wave profiles and non-linear attenuation as a result of the self-action of the waves. The electric processes in the tro
{"title":"PHYSICAL EFFECTS OF THE POWERFUL TONGA VOLCANO EXPLOSION IN THE EARTH – ATMOSPHERE – IONOSPHERE – MAGNETOSPHERE SYSTEM ON JANUARY 15, 2022","authors":"L. Chernogor","doi":"10.15407/knit2023.02.054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/knit2023.02.054","url":null,"abstract":"The Tonga volcano explosion has already been considered in many papers, which investigate the effects of tsunamis, explosiveatmospheric waves, traveling ionospheric disturbances, the perturbations of the equatorial anomaly, rearrangement of the ionospheric currents and of the atmospheric wind pattern, disturbances in the geomagnetic field, etc. It is reliably established that the explosion of the Tonga volcano caused a number of processes on a global scale. However, the mo deling of these processes is absent in the literature. The volcano is able to launch a whole complex of physical processes in all geophysical fields of the Earth (lithosphere, tectonosphere, ocean) – atmosphere – ionosphere – magnetosphere (EAIM) system. Analysis of the entire set of processes in the system caused by a unique explosion and volcanic eruption is a pressing scientific issue. The scientific objective of this study is to perform a comprehensive analysis and modeling of the main physical processes within the EAIM system, which accompanied the powerful explosion of the Tonga volcano on January 15, 2022. The article attempts to model or estimate the magnitude of the main effects caused by the explosion and eruption of the Tonga volcano. A comprehensive analysis and modeling of the main physical processes in the EAIM system, which accompanied the powerful explosi on and eruption of the Tonga volcano on January 15, 2022, has been performed. The energetics of the volcano and the explosive atmospheric wave has been estimated. The thermal energy of the volcano attained ~ 3.9×1018 J, while the mean thermal power has been estimated to be 9.1×1013 W. The energy of the explosive atmospheric wave was about 16–17 Mt TNT. The volcanic flow with an initial pressure of tens of atmospheres was determined to reach a few kilometers height, while the volcanic plume attained the peak altitude of 50–58 k m and moved 15 Mm we stward. The main parameters of the plume have been estimated. The plume’s mean power was 7.5 TW, and its heat flux was 15 MW/m2. With such a flux, one should have expected the appearance of a fire tornado with an ~0.17 s–1 angular frequency or a 37 s tornado rotation period. An analytical relation has been derived for estimating the maximum altitude of the plume rise. The main contribution to the magnitude of this altitude makes the volumetric discharge rate. The volcano explosion was accompanied by the generation of seismic and explosive atmospheric waves, tsunamis, Lamb waves, atmospheric gravity waves, infrasound, and sound, which propagated on a global scale. It is important to note that the powerful explosiveatmospheric wave could launch a secondary seismic wave and a secondary tsunami, which was one of the manifestations of subsystem couplings in the EAIM system. The propagation of powerful waves was accompanied by non-linear distortions of the wave profiles and non-linear attenuation as a result of the self-action of the waves. The electric processes in the tro","PeriodicalId":42936,"journal":{"name":"Space Science and Technology-Kosmicna Nauka i Tehnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67117638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-28DOI: 10.15407/knit2023.02.078
M. Fys, A. Brydun, A. Sohor, V..A. Lozynskyy
One of the possible ways for representing the external gravitational field of the planet by the potentials of flat discs, based on the classical potential theory, is proposed. At the same time, the potentials of a single- and double-layer are used for the description with the placement of the integration regions in the equatorial plane. The coefficients of the series expansion of these functions are linear combinations of the Stokes constants of the gravitational field and are uniquely expressed in terms of them. Series terms are single- or double-layer potentials. This makes it possible to calculate these terms using the results of the ellipsoid potential theory. The convergence of such a series, in contrast to the traditional one for spherical functions, is much wider and practically covers the effect of the external potential excluding the region of integration, including in the superficial parts of the surface. Since there is no problem with the convergence of the obtained expansions, we can interpret the obtained results more fully. The construction of flat density distributions for the potentials of a single and double layer is an additional tool in the study of the internal structure of the celestial body, as it is essentially a projection of the volume density of the planet’s interior onto the equatorial plane. Therefore, the extrema of these functions combine the features of the three-dimensional distribution function of the planet’s interior
{"title":"PRESENTATION OF THE GRAVITY FIELD OF CELESTIAL BODIES USING THE POTENTIALS OF FLAT ELLIPSOIDAL DISCS","authors":"M. Fys, A. Brydun, A. Sohor, V..A. Lozynskyy","doi":"10.15407/knit2023.02.078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/knit2023.02.078","url":null,"abstract":"One of the possible ways for representing the external gravitational field of the planet by the potentials of flat discs, based on the classical potential theory, is proposed. At the same time, the potentials of a single- and double-layer are used for the description with the placement of the integration regions in the equatorial plane. The coefficients of the series expansion of these functions are linear combinations of the Stokes constants of the gravitational field and are uniquely expressed in terms of them. Series terms are single- or double-layer potentials. This makes it possible to calculate these terms using the results of the ellipsoid potential theory. The convergence of such a series, in contrast to the traditional one for spherical functions, is much wider and practically covers the effect of the external potential excluding the region of integration, including in the superficial parts of the surface. Since there is no problem with the convergence of the obtained expansions, we can interpret the obtained results more fully. The construction of flat density distributions for the potentials of a single and double layer is an additional tool in the study of the internal structure of the celestial body, as it is essentially a projection of the volume density of the planet’s interior onto the equatorial plane. Therefore, the extrema of these functions combine the features of the three-dimensional distribution function of the planet’s interior","PeriodicalId":42936,"journal":{"name":"Space Science and Technology-Kosmicna Nauka i Tehnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67117701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-28DOI: 10.15407/knit2023.02.086
V. Epishev, І.I. Motrunich, V. Perig, I. Neubauer, P. Guranich, A.I. Susla, M. Koshkin
On August 17, 2011, a Dnipro vehicle launched the Sich-2 satellite into Earth’s orbit from the Yasny launch base. Ukrainian optical observation stations immediately began recording the satellite’s photometric light curves. In mid-2012, it was established that the Sich-2 spacecraft had a certain period of self-rotation and may have failed. This was confirmed later by official sources. Based on long-term observations of the Sich-2 artificial satellite of the Earth from Uzhgorod and Odesa, its behavior in orbit from the moment of launch until 2022 was investigated. The paper reveals the possibilities of the photometric method in combination with positional data from the research on the dynamics of the rotation of space vehicles with three degrees of freedom and complex design features of surfaces. In the article, the authors determined that the axis of self-rotation of the Sich-2 spacecraft coincides with its vertical axis, which precesses around the direction “the center of the satellite — the center of the Earth”. It was found that a pair of opposite PSBs are placed perpendicular to each other. The calculated value of the orbital period of the satellite was Porb = 99.5 min. and the average value of the precession period Ppr ~ 90.5 sec. The change in the period of selfrotation of the Sich-2 spacecraft was analyzed, which has changed at an interval of 9 years after destabilization in the range of Po = 11.95…3.63…5.06 sec. It was also established that the precession period during the same time varied within Рpr = 71.0…234.0 …226.0 sec. The angle of the precession of the axis of rotation relative to the direction from the center of the satellite to the center of the Earth is within 38°…28°.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF PHOTOMETRY OF THE SICH-2 SATELLITE ON A MULTI-YEAR OBSERVATION INTERVALS","authors":"V. Epishev, І.I. Motrunich, V. Perig, I. Neubauer, P. Guranich, A.I. Susla, M. Koshkin","doi":"10.15407/knit2023.02.086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/knit2023.02.086","url":null,"abstract":"On August 17, 2011, a Dnipro vehicle launched the Sich-2 satellite into Earth’s orbit from the Yasny launch base. Ukrainian optical observation stations immediately began recording the satellite’s photometric light curves. In mid-2012, it was established that the Sich-2 spacecraft had a certain period of self-rotation and may have failed. This was confirmed later by official sources. Based on long-term observations of the Sich-2 artificial satellite of the Earth from Uzhgorod and Odesa, its behavior in orbit from the moment of launch until 2022 was investigated. The paper reveals the possibilities of the photometric method in combination with positional data from the research on the dynamics of the rotation of space vehicles with three degrees of freedom and complex design features of surfaces. In the article, the authors determined that the axis of self-rotation of the Sich-2 spacecraft coincides with its vertical axis, which precesses around the direction “the center of the satellite — the center of the Earth”. It was found that a pair of opposite PSBs are placed perpendicular to each other. The calculated value of the orbital period of the satellite was Porb = 99.5 min. and the average value of the precession period Ppr ~ 90.5 sec. The change in the period of selfrotation of the Sich-2 spacecraft was analyzed, which has changed at an interval of 9 years after destabilization in the range of Po = 11.95…3.63…5.06 sec. It was also established that the precession period during the same time varied within Рpr = 71.0…234.0 …226.0 sec. The angle of the precession of the axis of rotation relative to the direction from the center of the satellite to the center of the Earth is within 38°…28°.","PeriodicalId":42936,"journal":{"name":"Space Science and Technology-Kosmicna Nauka i Tehnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67117715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-14DOI: 10.15407/knit2023.01.065
O. Shevchenko, A. I. Itsenko, M. Bondarenko
The article presents the advantages of the atomic force microscopy (AFM) method as one of the most versatile and promising methods for studying the surfaces of space engineering materials. A comparison of the results of the study of such materials using the example of aluminum nitride (AlN) by the methods of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and AFM was carried out. As a result of the comparison, it was established that, despite the higher resolution of the SEM method, its main disadvantages are the impossibility of vertical scanning of surfaces and the lack of an opportunity to study their physical and mechanical properties. The main features of the process of studying the topography of surfaces using the AFM method have been established. They are the possibility of high-precision positioning of the measuring instrument (with the accuracy of determining a given area — up to 40 nm), elimination of distortion of the obtained image of the studied area, and automatic correction of the research speed. The arithmetic mean values of the micro-roughnesses of the aluminum nitride surfaces obtained by the AFM method were determined both for samples that were not exposed to extreme environmental conditions (Ra = 147 nm; Rq = 163 nm) and samples that were exposed to extreme environmental conditions for a long time (120...140 hours), which simulates space conditions (temperature 550 °С, pressure 6.8...7.2 μbar) (Ra = 381 nm; Rq = 422 nm). The maximum porosity in the surface layer (up to 1.5 μm) of aluminum nitride samples was also determined in the range of 3...5.2%.
{"title":"PECULIARITIES AND ADVANTAGES OF STUDYING THE SURFACES OF SPACE TECHNIQUE MATERIALS BY ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY","authors":"O. Shevchenko, A. I. Itsenko, M. Bondarenko","doi":"10.15407/knit2023.01.065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/knit2023.01.065","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the advantages of the atomic force microscopy (AFM) method as one of the most versatile and promising methods for studying the surfaces of space engineering materials. A comparison of the results of the study of such materials using the example of aluminum nitride (AlN) by the methods of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and AFM was carried out. As a result of the comparison, it was established that, despite the higher resolution of the SEM method, its main disadvantages are the impossibility of vertical scanning of surfaces and the lack of an opportunity to study their physical and mechanical properties. The main features of the process of studying the topography of surfaces using the AFM method have been established. They are the possibility of high-precision positioning of the measuring instrument (with the accuracy of determining a given area — up to 40 nm), elimination of distortion of the obtained image of the studied area, and automatic correction of the research speed. The arithmetic mean values of the micro-roughnesses of the aluminum nitride surfaces obtained by the AFM method were determined both for samples that were not exposed to extreme environmental conditions (Ra = 147 nm; Rq = 163 nm) and samples that were exposed to extreme environmental conditions for a long time (120...140 hours), which simulates space conditions (temperature 550 °С, pressure 6.8...7.2 μbar) (Ra = 381 nm; Rq = 422 nm). The maximum porosity in the surface layer (up to 1.5 μm) of aluminum nitride samples was also determined in the range of 3...5.2%.","PeriodicalId":42936,"journal":{"name":"Space Science and Technology-Kosmicna Nauka i Tehnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47153368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-14DOI: 10.15407/knit2023.01.015
V. V. Kolodyazhny, M. Lyashenko, L. Emelyanov, D. Dzyubanov
We have performed the modelling of spatiotemporal variations of parameters of dynamic and thermal processes in ionospheric plasma at the phases of the minimum of the 24-th cycle of solar activity according to the Kharkiv radar of incoherent scattering. The diurnal dependences of parameters of the processes in the ionospheric plasma at altitudes from 210 to 450 km are constructed for typical geophysical periods (vernal and autumn equinoxes, summer and winter solstices). In the paper, the analysis of spatial and temporal variations of parameters of dynamic and thermal processes in the ionosphere is presented. We determined the value of the plasma transfer velocity due to ambipolar diffusion, the density of the full plasma flux, and the flux of charged particles due to ambipolar diffusion, the value of the energy supplied to the electron gas, the density of the heat flux transferred by electrons from the plasmasphere to the ionosphere, as well as the velocity of the equivalent neutral wind, and the meridional component of the neutral wind velocity. We found that weak variations in space weather do not lead to significant changes in spatiotemporal variations of the parameters of dynamic and thermal processes in the ionosphere for most of the studied periods. Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of most of these parameters and their diurnal variations were typical for the considered seasons. On the contrary, the velocity of the equivalent neutral wind changed significantly (up to 2—2.5 times) even with a weak increase in geomagnetic activity. The reasons for such changes may be the strengthening of horizontal thermospheric winds and the penetration of zonal magnetospheric electric fields into midlatitudes during the equinoxes. The obtained results of calculations can be used in basic studies of solar-terrestrial relations and geospace, for the solution of applied problems related to the ability to predict the state of space weather, as well as for further development of the regional ionosphere model CERIM IION. The object of research: physical processes in the ionospheric plasma. The subject of research: spatiotemporal dependences of the main parameters of ionospheric plasma, which were obtained using incoherent scattering radar. Research methods — terrestrial radiophysical method of incoherent scatter of radio waves, statistical analysis of observation results, semi-empirical modelling of parameters of dynamic and thermal processes.
{"title":"MODELING OF SPATIAL-TEMPORAL VARIATIONS OF DYNAMIC AND THERMAL PROCESS PARAMETERS IN GEOSPACE OVER UKRAINE DURING THE MINIMUM OF 24-TH CYCLE OF SOLAR ACTIVITY (2009, 2019)","authors":"V. V. Kolodyazhny, M. Lyashenko, L. Emelyanov, D. Dzyubanov","doi":"10.15407/knit2023.01.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/knit2023.01.015","url":null,"abstract":"We have performed the modelling of spatiotemporal variations of parameters of dynamic and thermal processes in ionospheric plasma at the phases of the minimum of the 24-th cycle of solar activity according to the Kharkiv radar of incoherent scattering. The diurnal dependences of parameters of the processes in the ionospheric plasma at altitudes from 210 to 450 km are constructed for typical geophysical periods (vernal and autumn equinoxes, summer and winter solstices). In the paper, the analysis of spatial and temporal variations of parameters of dynamic and thermal processes in the ionosphere is presented. We determined the value of the plasma transfer velocity due to ambipolar diffusion, the density of the full plasma flux, and the flux of charged particles due to ambipolar diffusion, the value of the energy supplied to the electron gas, the density of the heat flux transferred by electrons from the plasmasphere to the ionosphere, as well as the velocity of the equivalent neutral wind, and the meridional component of the neutral wind velocity. We found that weak variations in space weather do not lead to significant changes in spatiotemporal variations of the parameters of dynamic and thermal processes in the ionosphere for most of the studied periods. Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of most of these parameters and their diurnal variations were typical for the considered seasons. On the contrary, the velocity of the equivalent neutral wind changed significantly (up to 2—2.5 times) even with a weak increase in geomagnetic activity. The reasons for such changes may be the strengthening of horizontal thermospheric winds and the penetration of zonal magnetospheric electric fields into midlatitudes during the equinoxes. The obtained results of calculations can be used in basic studies of solar-terrestrial relations and geospace, for the solution of applied problems related to the ability to predict the state of space weather, as well as for further development of the regional ionosphere model CERIM IION. The object of research: physical processes in the ionospheric plasma. The subject of research: spatiotemporal dependences of the main parameters of ionospheric plasma, which were obtained using incoherent scattering radar. Research methods — terrestrial radiophysical method of incoherent scatter of radio waves, statistical analysis of observation results, semi-empirical modelling of parameters of dynamic and thermal processes.","PeriodicalId":42936,"journal":{"name":"Space Science and Technology-Kosmicna Nauka i Tehnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48212546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-14DOI: 10.15407/knit2023.01.003
Yarema I. Zyelyk, S. V. Chornyy, O. P. Fedorov, L. Pidgorodetska, L. Kolos
The methodology has been developed for enhancing the spatial resolution of the land surface thermal field satellite imagery based on the following steps: coupling images in the visible, thermal, and radar ranges into the single multispectral data product; constructing regression models of the images’ relationship; performing the linear regression of the pseudo-thermal product with enhanced spatial resolution from the visible and radar ranges data. The methodology is implemented on the Google Earth Engine open cloud platform using the Earth Engine API and the software scripts created in the JavaScript language with the processing of multispectral image collections of various space systems at specified time intervals. The possibility of practical synthesis of the pseudo-thermal image with an enhanced spatial resolution of 10 m based on the thermal image with the resolution of 100 m and the multispectral composite with the layers’ resolution of 10 m and 30 m is shown. The technology has been developed for synthesis and calibration of the land surface temperature product with enhanced spatial resolution and daily data providing rate based on the brightness temperature product in the B10 band of Landsat 8 and linear regression on the MODIS, ASTER, and Sentinel 1 products with daily to moderate data providing rates. The software in JavaScript has been developed, and technology has been implemented in the interactive web service form with open access on the Google Earth Engine Apps cloud platform. The final data product provides the satisfactory relative root mean square error of the brightness temperature recovery of not more than 6 % according to the reference cross-calibration data of the B10 Landsat 8 band in the moderate thermal field (up to 100° C). The relative root mean square errors of the synthesized data according to the reference data on high-temperature sites (fire, hot lava) up to 28 % are due to the fact that the synthesized product contains information from high-temperature spectral bands (B07-B09 from ASTER), while the reference product (B10 from Landsat 8) does not contain such information. Technology implementation examples show that cross-calibration of the synthesized product can be performed during the year from March to October according to reference thermal images of natural or artificial objects. Objects selected for calibration must have stable thermal characteristics at the time of the satellite flight during the data acquisition period. Keywords: land surface temperature, brightness temperature, space resolution of imagery, multiply linear regression, heterogeneous multispectral data coupling, data providing rate, product cross-calibration, Google Earth Engine.
{"title":"Spatial resolution enhancement of the land surface thermal field imagery based on multiple regression models on multispectral data from various space systems","authors":"Yarema I. Zyelyk, S. V. Chornyy, O. P. Fedorov, L. Pidgorodetska, L. Kolos","doi":"10.15407/knit2023.01.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/knit2023.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"The methodology has been developed for enhancing the spatial resolution of the land surface thermal field satellite imagery based on the following steps: coupling images in the visible, thermal, and radar ranges into the single multispectral data product; constructing regression models of the images’ relationship; performing the linear regression of the pseudo-thermal product with enhanced spatial resolution from the visible and radar ranges data. The methodology is implemented on the Google Earth Engine open cloud platform using the Earth Engine API and the software scripts created in the JavaScript language with the processing of multispectral image collections of various space systems at specified time intervals. The possibility of practical synthesis of the pseudo-thermal image with an enhanced spatial resolution of 10 m based on the thermal image with the resolution of 100 m and the multispectral composite with the layers’ resolution of 10 m and 30 m is shown. The technology has been developed for synthesis and calibration of the land surface temperature product with enhanced spatial resolution and daily data providing rate based on the brightness temperature product in the B10 band of Landsat 8 and linear regression on the MODIS, ASTER, and Sentinel 1 products with daily to moderate data providing rates. The software in JavaScript has been developed, and technology has been implemented in the interactive web service form with open access on the Google Earth Engine Apps cloud platform. The final data product provides the satisfactory relative root mean square error of the brightness temperature recovery of not more than 6 % according to the reference cross-calibration data of the B10 Landsat 8 band in the moderate thermal field (up to 100° C). The relative root mean square errors of the synthesized data according to the reference data on high-temperature sites (fire, hot lava) up to 28 % are due to the fact that the synthesized product contains information from high-temperature spectral bands (B07-B09 from ASTER), while the reference product (B10 from Landsat 8) does not contain such information. Technology implementation examples show that cross-calibration of the synthesized product can be performed during the year from March to October according to reference thermal images of natural or artificial objects. Objects selected for calibration must have stable thermal characteristics at the time of the satellite flight during the data acquisition period. Keywords: land surface temperature, brightness temperature, space resolution of imagery, multiply linear regression, heterogeneous multispectral data coupling, data providing rate, product cross-calibration, Google Earth Engine.","PeriodicalId":42936,"journal":{"name":"Space Science and Technology-Kosmicna Nauka i Tehnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67117730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-14DOI: 10.15407/knit2023.01.052
K. Avramov, B. Uspensky, I. I. Derevyanko, M.O Degtyaryov, O. Polishchuk, M. Chernobryvko
Nanocomposite and sandwich plates with a honeycomb core are characterized by a high strength-to-mass ratio. Thus, such a solution is very promising for the aerospace and aircraft industry. This paper represents a mathematical model for a nanocomposite functionally gradient cylindrical shell interacting with a supersonic gas flow. To obtain such a model, the predetermined form method is used. An ordinary nonlinear differential equations system is obtained to describe the self-sustained vibrations of the shell. The structure model is developed using nonlinear strain-displacement relationships to analyze self-sustained vibrations. A model describing self-sustained vibrations of a sandwich conical shell interacting with a supersonic gas flow is obtained. The core layer of the shell is an FDM-manufactured honeycomb. The stress state of the structure is analyzed using the highorder shear deformations theory. Each layer’s stress state is described by five coordinates which are the three displacements of the midsurface and two angles of rotation of the normal to the midsurface. At the layers’ junctions, the border conditions of displacements’ continuity are used. To analyze self-sustained vibrations, the nonlinear strain-displacement relationships are utilized. Using the normal modes technique allows us to obtain a nonlinear autonomous dynamic system. Results of numerical simulations of self-sustained vibrations are provided. They are obtained by solving a nonlinear boundary value problem for the ordinary differential equations system using shooting and continuation techniques. Experimental investigation of sandwich plates’ fatigue with honeycomb core is considered. A method of fatigue testing of sandwich plates is described. The testing results are presented using S-N diagrams.
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Pub Date : 2023-03-14DOI: 10.15407/knit2023.01.036
E. Kordyum
We present a brief overview of the results of the implementation of biological projects conducted in frame of theTarget program of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine for scientific space research (2018—2022) and their contribution to the current fields of world space biology: astrobiology, cellular and molecular biology, plant biology, animal biology, and gravitational biology.
{"title":"SPACE BIOLOGY PROJECTS IN UKRAINE: NOWADAYS TRENDS","authors":"E. Kordyum","doi":"10.15407/knit2023.01.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/knit2023.01.036","url":null,"abstract":"We present a brief overview of the results of the implementation of biological projects conducted in frame of theTarget program of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine for scientific space research (2018—2022) and their contribution to the current fields of world space biology: astrobiology, cellular and molecular biology, plant biology, animal biology, and gravitational biology.","PeriodicalId":42936,"journal":{"name":"Space Science and Technology-Kosmicna Nauka i Tehnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49406900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-14DOI: 10.15407/knit2023.01.074
Y. Mitikov, S. Bilogurov
On October 27, 1961, the first world’s space launch vehicle (not completed and tested well ballistic missile) 11K63 (63S1) with a satellite was launched. The main goal of the new space complex “Veselka” (“Rainbow”) (K11K63) was to define potential branches for the effective usage of space technologies. The weight of the first Ukrainian satellite DS-1 (Dnipropetrovsk satellite) was 310 lbs. The practical usage of new space complex was the launch of artificial satellites weighing up to 990 lbs into low Earth orbit. For comparison, the weight of the first American satellite was 30 lbs. with the 4th stage of the rocket, without the possibility to detach the last stage. The satellite DS-1 passed all tests necessary for that time. It was completely ready for work in the conditions of outer space. But … the first Ukrainian satellite to go into space was DS-2, launched on March 16, 1962, in the 3rd launch attempt. For the first time, an attempt was made to analyze the phenomenon of creating the world’s first space complex and launching serial satellites of the Earth (hereinafter – the well-known series “Cosmos”) against the historical background. The scientific, technical, and military-applied aspects of the development of the space complex were analyzed. The role of the powerful industrial cooperation from the very beginning planned by Academies of Sciences, branch institutes, and scientists of Eastern Europe, France, Sweden, and India (the “Intercosmos” program) for the development of the complex was described. The issues of staff training for the rocket and space industry are particularly underlined as a key factor of success in space. Some inaccuracies regarding the history of Ukrainian satellites were noted and fixed, which are often found in some publications on this topic.
{"title":"SCIENTIFIC-TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF THE WORLD’S FIRST UKRAINIAN SPACE COMPLEX «VESELKA»","authors":"Y. Mitikov, S. Bilogurov","doi":"10.15407/knit2023.01.074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/knit2023.01.074","url":null,"abstract":"On October 27, 1961, the first world’s space launch vehicle (not completed and tested well ballistic missile) 11K63 (63S1) with a satellite was launched. The main goal of the new space complex “Veselka” (“Rainbow”) (K11K63) was to define potential branches for the effective usage of space technologies. The weight of the first Ukrainian satellite DS-1 (Dnipropetrovsk satellite) was 310 lbs. The practical usage of new space complex was the launch of artificial satellites weighing up to 990 lbs into low Earth orbit. For comparison, the weight of the first American satellite was 30 lbs. with the 4th stage of the rocket, without the possibility to detach the last stage. The satellite DS-1 passed all tests necessary for that time. It was completely ready for work in the conditions of outer space. But … the first Ukrainian satellite to go into space was DS-2, launched on March 16, 1962, in the 3rd launch attempt. For the first time, an attempt was made to analyze the phenomenon of creating the world’s first space complex and launching serial satellites of the Earth (hereinafter – the well-known series “Cosmos”) against the historical background. The scientific, technical, and military-applied aspects of the development of the space complex were analyzed. The role of the powerful industrial cooperation from the very beginning planned by Academies of Sciences, branch institutes, and scientists of Eastern Europe, France, Sweden, and India (the “Intercosmos” program) for the development of the complex was described. The issues of staff training for the rocket and space industry are particularly underlined as a key factor of success in space. Some inaccuracies regarding the history of Ukrainian satellites were noted and fixed, which are often found in some publications on this topic.","PeriodicalId":42936,"journal":{"name":"Space Science and Technology-Kosmicna Nauka i Tehnologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67117816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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