Overweight and obesity have grown in children in the last decades and are now an epidemic, leading to significant public health issues in developed and underdeveloped nations. Obese children have a higher prevalence of skin lesions than normal weight children. The present study is an updated-on state of the art of studies describing the association between childhood obesity and related skin lesions. The most frequent obesity-associated dermatological complications in children are acanthosis nigricans and acrochordons, atopic dermatitis, skin infections, and endocrinological changes including hyperinsulinism and hyperandrogenism. Other common skin manifestations associated with obesity are striae distensae and plantar hyperkeratosis. Although the causes of the majority of the skin lesions associated with obesity are not known, the larger mass of adipose tissue and the secretion of peptides (cytokines, hormones, etc.) from enlarged fat cells due to obesity could lead to skin lesions. Therefore, the prevention of obesity is essential to avoid most skin-associated lesions.
{"title":"Skin and obesity in childhood: an update","authors":"V. Hirschler","doi":"10.3934/medsci.2021026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/medsci.2021026","url":null,"abstract":"Overweight and obesity have grown in children in the last decades and are now an epidemic, leading to significant public health issues in developed and underdeveloped nations. Obese children have a higher prevalence of skin lesions than normal weight children. The present study is an updated-on state of the art of studies describing the association between childhood obesity and related skin lesions. The most frequent obesity-associated dermatological complications in children are acanthosis nigricans and acrochordons, atopic dermatitis, skin infections, and endocrinological changes including hyperinsulinism and hyperandrogenism. Other common skin manifestations associated with obesity are striae distensae and plantar hyperkeratosis. Although the causes of the majority of the skin lesions associated with obesity are not known, the larger mass of adipose tissue and the secretion of peptides (cytokines, hormones, etc.) from enlarged fat cells due to obesity could lead to skin lesions. Therefore, the prevention of obesity is essential to avoid most skin-associated lesions.","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83703089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Darenskaya, E. Chugunova, S. Kolesnikov, N. Semenova, O. Nikitina, L. Kolesnikova
In various pathological conditions such as diabetes mellitus, the cellular redox balance can be disturbed and these alterations may persist even after blood glucose levels have returned to normal. Antioxidant therapies, including α-lipoic acid, are widely used to treat various systemic diseases including diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to measure the lipid metabolism parameters, as well as the activity of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense reactions, in men with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) during treatment with α-lipoic acid. Twenty-four reproductive-age T1DM males with an unsatisfactory glycemic profile were examined. Twenty-eight practically healthy men of similar age were used as the control group. Spectrophotometric, fluorometric, and enzyme-linked immunoassay methods were used. T1DM was characterized by increased values of lipid metabolism components, including total cholesterol, triacylglycerides (TG), and very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL). In the lipid peroxidation system, increased levels of the primary products (conjugated dienes), secondary products (thiobarbituric acid reactants), and final products (Schiff bases) were observed in T1DM patients compared to the control group. Retinol values were also increased. After treatment, there was a decrease in TG, VLDL, and Schiff bases levels and an increase in the retinol level compared to before treatment. These results expand our understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms of T1DM and suggest that α-LA treatment may be beneficial for type 1 diabetics.
{"title":"Lipid peroxidation processes in men with type 1 diabetes mellitus following α-lipoic acid treatment","authors":"M. Darenskaya, E. Chugunova, S. Kolesnikov, N. Semenova, O. Nikitina, L. Kolesnikova","doi":"10.3934/medsci.2021024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/medsci.2021024","url":null,"abstract":"In various pathological conditions such as diabetes mellitus, the cellular redox balance can be disturbed and these alterations may persist even after blood glucose levels have returned to normal. Antioxidant therapies, including α-lipoic acid, are widely used to treat various systemic diseases including diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to measure the lipid metabolism parameters, as well as the activity of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense reactions, in men with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) during treatment with α-lipoic acid. Twenty-four reproductive-age T1DM males with an unsatisfactory glycemic profile were examined. Twenty-eight practically healthy men of similar age were used as the control group. Spectrophotometric, fluorometric, and enzyme-linked immunoassay methods were used. T1DM was characterized by increased values of lipid metabolism components, including total cholesterol, triacylglycerides (TG), and very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL). In the lipid peroxidation system, increased levels of the primary products (conjugated dienes), secondary products (thiobarbituric acid reactants), and final products (Schiff bases) were observed in T1DM patients compared to the control group. Retinol values were also increased. After treatment, there was a decrease in TG, VLDL, and Schiff bases levels and an increase in the retinol level compared to before treatment. These results expand our understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms of T1DM and suggest that α-LA treatment may be beneficial for type 1 diabetics.","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90294011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Jamal, Training Nutrition, Houda Elfane, Imane Barakat, Khadija Sahel, M. Mziwira, A. Fassouane, R. Belahsen
Background: Diabetes is a real public health problem in children and adolescents because of its chronicity and the difficulty in the control of blood glucose levels at paediatric age. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the link of socio-demographic and anthropometric characteristics with the management and glycemic control in children with type1 diabetes (T1D). Materials and Methods: The study included a sample of 184 children with T1D of 15 years old or less. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on socio-demographic status, characteristics and complications of the disease, diabetes management, diet, physical activity and therapeutic education of participants. Weight and height were measured and body mass index calculated. Results: The mean age of the patients surveyed was 8.49 ± 4.1 years; the majority (68.5%) was of school age, female (53.2%) and was from low socioeconomic level (83.2%). Only 20.1% of the patients had a good glycemic control. The low socioeconomic status and overweight or obesity were significantly more prevalent in children with poor compared to those with good glycemic control (P ≤ 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed an association of poor glycemic control with the family history of diabetes (adjusted OR = 38.70, 95% CI: 11.61, 128.98) and the absence of therapeutic education (adjusted OR = 3.29, 95% CI: 1.006, 10.801). Conclusions: This study shows that diabetes is associated with overweight and obesity in children and that the quality of glycemic control is
{"title":"Association of socio-demographic and anthropometric characteristics with the management and glycemic control in type 1 diabetic children from the province of El Jadida (Morocco)","authors":"S. Jamal, Training Nutrition, Houda Elfane, Imane Barakat, Khadija Sahel, M. Mziwira, A. Fassouane, R. Belahsen","doi":"10.3934/MEDSCI.2021010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/MEDSCI.2021010","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetes is a real public health problem in children and adolescents because of its chronicity and the difficulty in the control of blood glucose levels at paediatric age. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the link of socio-demographic and anthropometric characteristics with the management and glycemic control in children with type1 diabetes (T1D). Materials and Methods: The study included a sample of 184 children with T1D of 15 years old or less. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on socio-demographic status, characteristics and complications of the disease, diabetes management, diet, physical activity and therapeutic education of participants. Weight and height were measured and body mass index calculated. Results: The mean age of the patients surveyed was 8.49 ± 4.1 years; the majority (68.5%) was of school age, female (53.2%) and was from low socioeconomic level (83.2%). Only 20.1% of the patients had a good glycemic control. The low socioeconomic status and overweight or obesity were significantly more prevalent in children with poor compared to those with good glycemic control (P ≤ 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed an association of poor glycemic control with the family history of diabetes (adjusted OR = 38.70, 95% CI: 11.61, 128.98) and the absence of therapeutic education (adjusted OR = 3.29, 95% CI: 1.006, 10.801). Conclusions: This study shows that diabetes is associated with overweight and obesity in children and that the quality of glycemic control is","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90066060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Taha Gökmen Ülger, M. Tayfur, F. Çakıroğlu, Çig̃dem Özcan
Endoscopic bariatric procedures including Duedenal Jejunal Bypass Liner (DJBL) have become widespread in obesity treatment in recent years. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the role of DJBL in obesity treatment. A comprehensive search of several databases, including Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Web of Science was conducted to December 2020. Twenty-four clinical studies were assessed. According to the results, it is clear that DJBL provides effective weight reduction at 6–12 months and significant improvements in parameters associated with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. This technique also has potential to reduce comedications in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Although these positive effects of DJBL are clear, its effect on liver, pancreatic functions, and inflammation markers are not clear yet. In addition, the overall and serious complication (gastrointestinal bleeds, pancreatitis, hepatic abscess, obstruction of the sleeve, biliary colic without cholecystitis and cholangitis) rate causing from the DJBL is very high. DJBL has not been approved by the Food and Drug Administration due to the frequency and severity of complications it causes. While it is certain that DJBL has significant effects on obesity and obesity related comorbidities, the safety aspect needs to be improved.
近年来，包括Duedenal空肠旁路手术(DJBL)在内的内镜下减肥手术在肥胖治疗中已得到广泛应用。本系统综述的目的是评估DJBL在肥胖治疗中的作用。到2020年12月，对包括Cochrane Library、PubMed和Web of Science在内的几个数据库进行了全面搜索。共评估了24项临床研究。根据结果，很明显，DJBL在6-12个月时有效减轻体重，并显著改善与代谢综合征和心血管疾病相关的参数。这项技术也有可能减少肥胖和2型糖尿病患者的药物治疗。虽然DJBL的这些积极作用是明确的，但其对肝脏、胰腺功能和炎症标志物的影响尚不清楚。此外，DJBL引起的全面和严重的并发症(胃肠道出血、胰腺炎、肝脓肿、套筒梗阻、无胆囊炎的胆绞痛和胆管炎)发生率很高。由于DJBL引起的并发症的频率和严重程度，它尚未获得食品和药物管理局的批准。虽然DJBL对肥胖和肥胖相关的合并症有显著的影响是肯定的，但安全性方面需要改进。
{"title":"The Role of duodenal jejunal bypass liner in obesity treatment","authors":"Taha Gökmen Ülger, M. Tayfur, F. Çakıroğlu, Çig̃dem Özcan","doi":"10.3934/medsci.2021019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/medsci.2021019","url":null,"abstract":"Endoscopic bariatric procedures including Duedenal Jejunal Bypass Liner (DJBL) have become widespread in obesity treatment in recent years. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the role of DJBL in obesity treatment. A comprehensive search of several databases, including Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Web of Science was conducted to December 2020. Twenty-four clinical studies were assessed. According to the results, it is clear that DJBL provides effective weight reduction at 6–12 months and significant improvements in parameters associated with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. This technique also has potential to reduce comedications in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Although these positive effects of DJBL are clear, its effect on liver, pancreatic functions, and inflammation markers are not clear yet. In addition, the overall and serious complication (gastrointestinal bleeds, pancreatitis, hepatic abscess, obstruction of the sleeve, biliary colic without cholecystitis and cholangitis) rate causing from the DJBL is very high. DJBL has not been approved by the Food and Drug Administration due to the frequency and severity of complications it causes. While it is certain that DJBL has significant effects on obesity and obesity related comorbidities, the safety aspect needs to be improved.","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79122838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background Onodi cells (OC) are important for rhinologists because they contain the optic canal, and are close to the optic nerve and internal carotid artery. Therefore, any pathologic processes within OCs, including infectious or inflammatory sinusitis, fungus ball, inverted papilloma, mucocele, or sino-nasal malignancy can cause devastating ophthalmologic complications. We aimed to define the different optic neuropathy conditions related to isolated OC mucoceles, determine the different symptoms of each condition and its risk factors, and explore the efficacy of the relevant diagnostic tools and treatment strategies. Methodology A comprehensive electronic search with time and language restrictions was conducted. Several known databases were included: PubMed, The Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from 1990 to 2020. We combined the search terms and limited the study to the English language. We removed duplicates, and the articles were screened based on title, abstract, and full text according to the PRISMA checklist. Results The electronic search strategy conducted in this review resulted in 409 hits. After removing duplicate studies and studies with inadequate information, 20 case studies were finally included in this analysis, 65% of which presented men (n = 13), and seven presented women (35%). The mean age reported in these studies was 54.75 with a standard deviation of 14.62 years. We found that visual disturbances that can lead to visual loss were present in most cases (75% of cases). Other symptoms included headache (35%) and eye pain (30%). The risk factors for developing optic neuropathy conditions related to OC mucoceles include being Asian and elderly with a history of either nasal or eye conditions. Our findings showed that the mean time between the onset of symptoms and intervention was 16.8 ± 21.8 days. Most patients underwent endoscopic sinus surgery to remove the OC mucocele (18/20; 90%) with a success rate of 77%. Pharmacologic intervention as a solo treatment (IV corticosteroids or /and antibiotic) was used in only six patients, with a success rate of only 33%. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most commonly used diagnostic tools, with diagnostic success rates of 40% and 82.3%, respectively. Conclusion Optic neuropathy conditions related to OC mucoceles are very rare. However, a higher incidence of these conditions was observed in elderly Asian patients with a history of nasal or optic conditions. Visual disturbances are the most common symptoms accompanying any type of eye condition. Endoscopic sinus surgery is considered an effective and safe intervention for these patients, and the period between the onset of symptoms and surgery does not affect the outcomes of the surgery. Furthermore, treatment with corticosteroids and/or antibiotics cannot replace surgery and it can also worsen the condition. Moreover, MRI is superior to CT scans for demonstrating this abnormality, and both are supe
donodi细胞(OC)对鼻医生来说很重要，因为它们包含视神经管，并且靠近视神经和颈内动脉。因此，OCs内的任何病理过程，包括感染性或炎症性鼻窦炎、真菌球、内翻性乳头状瘤、粘液囊肿或中鼻恶性肿瘤，都可能导致毁灭性的眼科并发症。我们旨在定义与孤立性OC粘液囊肿相关的不同视神经病变状况，确定每种状况的不同症状及其危险因素，并探讨相关诊断工具和治疗策略的疗效。方法采用有时间和语言限制的综合电子检索方法。包括几个已知的数据库:PubMed, Cochrane图书馆和Web of Science，从1990年到2020年。我们结合了搜索条件，并将研究限制在英语语言中。我们删除重复，并根据PRISMA检查表对文章进行标题、摘要和全文筛选。结果本综述中采用的电子检索策略共获得409条检索结果。在剔除重复研究和信息不充分的研究后，该分析最终纳入了20个案例研究，其中65%为男性(n = 13)， 7例为女性(35%)。这些研究报告的平均年龄为54.75岁，标准差为14.62岁。我们发现，大多数病例(75%的病例)存在可导致视力丧失的视觉障碍。其他症状包括头痛(35%)和眼痛(30%)。与OC黏液囊肿相关的视神经病变的危险因素包括亚洲人和有鼻部或眼部病史的老年人。我们的研究结果显示，从症状出现到干预的平均时间为16.8±21.8天。大多数患者接受内窥镜鼻窦手术切除OC粘液囊肿(18/20;90%)，成功率为77%。药物干预作为单独治疗(静脉注射皮质类固醇或/和抗生素)仅在6例患者中使用，成功率仅为33%。计算机断层扫描(CT)和磁共振成像(MRI)是最常用的诊断工具，诊断成功率分别为40%和82.3%。结论与OC黏液囊肿相关的视神经病变非常罕见。然而，在有鼻或视神经病史的亚洲老年患者中，这些疾病的发生率较高。视力障碍是伴随任何类型的眼病的最常见症状。内窥镜鼻窦手术被认为是对这些患者有效和安全的干预措施，并且症状出现和手术之间的时间不影响手术的结果。此外，皮质类固醇和/或抗生素治疗不能代替手术，而且还会使病情恶化。此外，MRI在显示这种异常方面优于CT扫描，两者都优于其他诊断工具。最后，应进一步调查东部地区这些疾病发病率低的原因。
{"title":"Optic neuropathy related to Onodi cell mucocele: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","authors":"T. Mahfoz, A. K. Alnemare","doi":"10.3934/medsci.2021018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/medsci.2021018","url":null,"abstract":"Background Onodi cells (OC) are important for rhinologists because they contain the optic canal, and are close to the optic nerve and internal carotid artery. Therefore, any pathologic processes within OCs, including infectious or inflammatory sinusitis, fungus ball, inverted papilloma, mucocele, or sino-nasal malignancy can cause devastating ophthalmologic complications. We aimed to define the different optic neuropathy conditions related to isolated OC mucoceles, determine the different symptoms of each condition and its risk factors, and explore the efficacy of the relevant diagnostic tools and treatment strategies. Methodology A comprehensive electronic search with time and language restrictions was conducted. Several known databases were included: PubMed, The Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from 1990 to 2020. We combined the search terms and limited the study to the English language. We removed duplicates, and the articles were screened based on title, abstract, and full text according to the PRISMA checklist. Results The electronic search strategy conducted in this review resulted in 409 hits. After removing duplicate studies and studies with inadequate information, 20 case studies were finally included in this analysis, 65% of which presented men (n = 13), and seven presented women (35%). The mean age reported in these studies was 54.75 with a standard deviation of 14.62 years. We found that visual disturbances that can lead to visual loss were present in most cases (75% of cases). Other symptoms included headache (35%) and eye pain (30%). The risk factors for developing optic neuropathy conditions related to OC mucoceles include being Asian and elderly with a history of either nasal or eye conditions. Our findings showed that the mean time between the onset of symptoms and intervention was 16.8 ± 21.8 days. Most patients underwent endoscopic sinus surgery to remove the OC mucocele (18/20; 90%) with a success rate of 77%. Pharmacologic intervention as a solo treatment (IV corticosteroids or /and antibiotic) was used in only six patients, with a success rate of only 33%. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most commonly used diagnostic tools, with diagnostic success rates of 40% and 82.3%, respectively. Conclusion Optic neuropathy conditions related to OC mucoceles are very rare. However, a higher incidence of these conditions was observed in elderly Asian patients with a history of nasal or optic conditions. Visual disturbances are the most common symptoms accompanying any type of eye condition. Endoscopic sinus surgery is considered an effective and safe intervention for these patients, and the period between the onset of symptoms and surgery does not affect the outcomes of the surgery. Furthermore, treatment with corticosteroids and/or antibiotics cannot replace surgery and it can also worsen the condition. Moreover, MRI is superior to CT scans for demonstrating this abnormality, and both are supe","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74483009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Halvatsiotis, A. Siatelis, P. Koulouvaris, A. Batrinou, Despina Vougiouklaki, E. Routsi, M. Papapanou, M. Trapali, Dimitra P. Houhoula
Objective
The objective of the present study was to identify the leptin gene expression and the leptin receptor polymorphisms in blood samples and to correlate gene expression values with anthropometric characteristics.
Methods
Blood from 140 Greek young volunteers was subjected to polymerase chain reaction–restricted fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP), for the genomic region of Q223R polymorphism at codon 223 in the leptin receptor gene (LEPR) coding region. RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis and Quantitative Real-Time PCR was performed for assessing the expression of the leptin gene (LEP).
Results
Leptin gene was identified in all tested specimens and the gene was expressed in 88.9% of all volunteers with BMI < 25. In addition, it was observed that gene expression is affected by various external factors, such as Body Mass Index (BMI), eating behavior, gender and age. It was also shown that as for the Q223R polymorphism (A to G) allele G occurs with a frequency of 100% in men with BMI > 30 and 75.9% in men and 88.9% in women with BMI 25–30. Volunteers with BMI 25–30 who were homozygous on the G allele were 50% and 77.8% in men and women respectively. All subjects with a BMI > 30 were homozygous on the G allele at 100%.
Conclusions
In this small-scale study, results have shown that the leptin gene expression correlates with BMI and that the allele G in Q223R polymorphism is linked to overweight individuals.
{"title":"Comparison of Q223R leptin receptor polymorphism to the leptin gene expression in Greek young volunteers","authors":"P. Halvatsiotis, A. Siatelis, P. Koulouvaris, A. Batrinou, Despina Vougiouklaki, E. Routsi, M. Papapanou, M. Trapali, Dimitra P. Houhoula","doi":"10.3934/medsci.2021025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/medsci.2021025","url":null,"abstract":"<abstract><sec> <title>Objective</title> <p>The objective of the present study was to identify the leptin gene expression and the leptin receptor polymorphisms in blood samples and to correlate gene expression values with anthropometric characteristics.</p> </sec><sec> <title>Methods</title> <p>Blood from 140 Greek young volunteers was subjected to polymerase chain reaction–restricted fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP), for the genomic region of Q223R polymorphism at codon 223 in the leptin receptor gene (<italic>LEPR</italic>) coding region. RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis and Quantitative Real-Time PCR was performed for assessing the expression of the leptin gene (<italic>LEP</italic>).</p> </sec><sec> <title>Results</title> <p>Leptin gene was identified in all tested specimens and the gene was expressed in 88.9% of all volunteers with BMI < 25. In addition, it was observed that gene expression is affected by various external factors, such as Body Mass Index (BMI), eating behavior, gender and age. It was also shown that as for the Q223R polymorphism (A to G) allele G occurs with a frequency of 100% in men with BMI > 30 and 75.9% in men and 88.9% in women with BMI 25–30. Volunteers with BMI 25–30 who were homozygous on the G allele were 50% and 77.8% in men and women respectively. All subjects with a BMI > 30 were homozygous on the G allele at 100%.</p> </sec><sec> <title>Conclusions</title> <p>In this small-scale study, results have shown that the leptin gene expression correlates with BMI and that the allele G in Q223R polymorphism is linked to overweight individuals.</p> </sec></abstract>","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80727414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phuong Anh Le Thy, Kiem Hao Tran, T. Thi, Minh Phuong Phan Thi, H. S. Nguyen
{"title":"The value of urinary soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) in children with nephrotic syndrome","authors":"Phuong Anh Le Thy, Kiem Hao Tran, T. Thi, Minh Phuong Phan Thi, H. S. Nguyen","doi":"10.3934/medsci.2021015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/medsci.2021015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81347890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
COVID-19 can be associated with varying degrees of cutaneous lesions Although these manifestations were rare, they can be considered as a specific symptom of COVID-19 Here, we present 3 patients for whom the diagnosis of COVID-19 was made by RT-PCR and a few days after the onset of systemic symptoms, papular cutaneous lesions appeared and on average after 6 days, the lesions started to disappear without any specific treatments Demographic and clinical features of the 3 patients are summarized in Table 1
{"title":"COVID-19 and papular manifestations pattern in 3 patients: a retrospective case series","authors":"Hossein Sheibani, Elham Azmoodeh, Amirhessam Kheirieh, Khadijeh Aerab Sheibani","doi":"10.3934/MEDSCI.2021004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/MEDSCI.2021004","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 can be associated with varying degrees of cutaneous lesions Although these manifestations were rare, they can be considered as a specific symptom of COVID-19 Here, we present 3 patients for whom the diagnosis of COVID-19 was made by RT-PCR and a few days after the onset of systemic symptoms, papular cutaneous lesions appeared and on average after 6 days, the lesions started to disappear without any specific treatments Demographic and clinical features of the 3 patients are summarized in Table 1","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78498558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paula Barrett-Brown, D. McGrowder, D. Ragoobirsingh
Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among Caribbean populations. Ideal glycemic control can be attained when patients adhere to self-management behaviors such as consistent monitoring of blood glucose (BG) levels, staying physically active, taking medications, and eating a healthy diet. Aim The present study has the following aims: (1) to assess knowledge of self-care and the initiative of type 2 diabetic patients in medication compliance, making suitable food choices, regular physical exercise and BG monitoring, (2) to evaluate diabetic patient self-management by adhering to instructions of healthcare provider in attaining outcomes such as medication adherence, appropriate food choices, prescribed physical exercise, and self-monitoring of BG levels and determination of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels at clinic visits and (3) to determine whether there are associations between BG control (glucose and HbA1 levels) and sociodemographic factors (i.e., age, education, employment status) as well as knowledge of self-care and the number of years persons had type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Method The study is a cross-sectional study that utilized a quantitative methodology. The study population consisted of 101 T2DM patients. The researchers used a 12-point interviewer administered questionnaire to solicit information on socio-demographics, knowledge of self-care, and self-management of T2DM, including physical activity and selecting appropriate food choices, and evidence of glycemic control, such as HbA1c and random blood glucose (RBG) levels. Researchers analyzed the data using SPSS version 17.0 and Microsoft Excel 2007. Authors applied an analytical statistical analysis with a 95% confidence level. Results The findings revealed that 90.1% of respondents indicated that they knew how to take their medications. Results also indicated that there was no association of knowledge of self-care with the number of years persons had T2DM. Among the total respondents, 53.5% had poor compliance to prescribed medication, and women were 1.2 times more likely not to comply with medication. In addition, 65.3% of respondents reported poor compliance with physical exercise and 81.2% of respondents indicated poor compliance in self-monitoring BG. Conclusion The findings from this study reveal that the majority of patients with T2DM knew how to take their medications. However, compliance with physical exercise and self-monitoring BG were less than satisfactory. Didactic interventions focusing on the acquisition of knowledge and information will empower patients and improve their self-care and management.
{"title":"Diabetes education—Cornerstone in management of diabetes mellitus in Jamaica","authors":"Paula Barrett-Brown, D. McGrowder, D. Ragoobirsingh","doi":"10.3934/medsci.2021017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/medsci.2021017","url":null,"abstract":"Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among Caribbean populations. Ideal glycemic control can be attained when patients adhere to self-management behaviors such as consistent monitoring of blood glucose (BG) levels, staying physically active, taking medications, and eating a healthy diet. Aim The present study has the following aims: (1) to assess knowledge of self-care and the initiative of type 2 diabetic patients in medication compliance, making suitable food choices, regular physical exercise and BG monitoring, (2) to evaluate diabetic patient self-management by adhering to instructions of healthcare provider in attaining outcomes such as medication adherence, appropriate food choices, prescribed physical exercise, and self-monitoring of BG levels and determination of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels at clinic visits and (3) to determine whether there are associations between BG control (glucose and HbA1 levels) and sociodemographic factors (i.e., age, education, employment status) as well as knowledge of self-care and the number of years persons had type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Method The study is a cross-sectional study that utilized a quantitative methodology. The study population consisted of 101 T2DM patients. The researchers used a 12-point interviewer administered questionnaire to solicit information on socio-demographics, knowledge of self-care, and self-management of T2DM, including physical activity and selecting appropriate food choices, and evidence of glycemic control, such as HbA1c and random blood glucose (RBG) levels. Researchers analyzed the data using SPSS version 17.0 and Microsoft Excel 2007. Authors applied an analytical statistical analysis with a 95% confidence level. Results The findings revealed that 90.1% of respondents indicated that they knew how to take their medications. Results also indicated that there was no association of knowledge of self-care with the number of years persons had T2DM. Among the total respondents, 53.5% had poor compliance to prescribed medication, and women were 1.2 times more likely not to comply with medication. In addition, 65.3% of respondents reported poor compliance with physical exercise and 81.2% of respondents indicated poor compliance in self-monitoring BG. Conclusion The findings from this study reveal that the majority of patients with T2DM knew how to take their medications. However, compliance with physical exercise and self-monitoring BG were less than satisfactory. Didactic interventions focusing on the acquisition of knowledge and information will empower patients and improve their self-care and management.","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73353542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Houda Elfane, Training Nutrition, Sanaa El-Jamal, M. Mziwira, Imane Barakat, Mohammed Elayachi, R. Belahsen
Background
Maternal malnutrition is a global concern whose consequences for newborns are intrauterine growth retardation, fetal hypotrophy and exposure to risks of pathologies in adulthood.
Objective
The aim of this study was to assess and compare the diet quality and nutritional status of pregnant women at the time of childbirth while assessing their newborn's weight at birth.
Materials and methods
The study involved 400 parturient, divided into two groups of 200 each, the controls who have just given birth to newborns of normal weight and the cases who have just given birth to babies of low birth weight (LBW). Information on food intakes and dietary habits were collected using questionnaires and anthropometric parameters were measured.
Results
The mean body mass index (BMI) of the cases was 25.93 ± 2.64 kg/m2 vs. 28.25 ± 2.75 kg/m2 in the controls. The dietary diversity and variety scores were higher in the controls than in the cases. Indeed means were 6.87 ± 1.30 vs. 8.88 ± 1.35 food groups for the diversity scores and 11.77 ± 1.57 vs. 15.90 ± 2.09 food items for the variety scores in the cases and the controls respectively. The average daily intakes of folates, calcium, iron and zinc were lower than the Recommended Daily Allowances (RDA) for both groups. The daily calcium intake represents only 1/5th of the RDI for the cases and 1/3 for the controls. Average dietary iron intake was insufficient at only 49% of the daily requirement for cases vs. 66.88% for controls while folates accounts for 64.33% of the RDA for the cases.
Conclusion
Data from this study shows that the diets of women who have given birth to low birth weight infants are poorly diversified, poorly varied, and poor in certain nutrients essential for a successful pregnancy and childbirth.
{"title":"Nutritional status of Moroccan pregnant women and the birth weight of their newborn: a case-control study in the province of El Jadida","authors":"Houda Elfane, Training Nutrition, Sanaa El-Jamal, M. Mziwira, Imane Barakat, Mohammed Elayachi, R. Belahsen","doi":"10.3934/medsci.2021020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/medsci.2021020","url":null,"abstract":"<abstract><sec> <title>Background</title> <p>Maternal malnutrition is a global concern whose consequences for newborns are intrauterine growth retardation, fetal hypotrophy and exposure to risks of pathologies in adulthood.</p> </sec><sec> <title>Objective</title> <p>The aim of this study was to assess and compare the diet quality and nutritional status of pregnant women at the time of childbirth while assessing their newborn's weight at birth.</p> </sec><sec> <title>Materials and methods</title> <p>The study involved 400 parturient, divided into two groups of 200 each, the controls who have just given birth to newborns of normal weight and the cases who have just given birth to babies of low birth weight (LBW). Information on food intakes and dietary habits were collected using questionnaires and anthropometric parameters were measured.</p> </sec><sec> <title>Results</title> <p>The mean body mass index (BMI) of the cases was 25.93 ± 2.64 kg/m<sup>2</sup> vs. 28.25 ± 2.75 kg/m<sup>2</sup> in the controls. The dietary diversity and variety scores were higher in the controls than in the cases. Indeed means were 6.87 ± 1.30 vs. 8.88 ± 1.35 food groups for the diversity scores and 11.77 ± 1.57 vs. 15.90 ± 2.09 food items for the variety scores in the cases and the controls respectively. The average daily intakes of folates, calcium, iron and zinc were lower than the Recommended Daily Allowances (RDA) for both groups. The daily calcium intake represents only 1/5th of the RDI for the cases and 1/3 for the controls. Average dietary iron intake was insufficient at only 49% of the daily requirement for cases vs. 66.88% for controls while folates accounts for 64.33% of the RDA for the cases.</p> </sec><sec> <title>Conclusion</title> <p>Data from this study shows that the diets of women who have given birth to low birth weight infants are poorly diversified, poorly varied, and poor in certain nutrients essential for a successful pregnancy and childbirth.</p> </sec></abstract>","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78482243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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