S. Rasras, Nour Mohammad Mamizadeh, H. Safari, A. Kiani, Z. Rahimi
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the oral Tranexamic acid (TXA) effect on the bleeding during spine surgery amounts. Patients and Methods: In this randomized double-blind placebo clinical trial, patients with lumbar spinal cord and back pain disease, those who needed fusion or were candidates for bilateral or more or equal to two levels surgeries, and those who referred to the Neurosurgery Department, were included and randomly divided into two equal groups. TXA was orally administered at 25 mg/kg dosages four times a day before surgery and 500 mg in the morning of surgery. The bleeding amount during the operation was calculated based on the number of sterile pads used during the operation and the amount of bleeding collected in the suction device (suction) in milliliters. Each sterile pad soaked in blood is equal to 50 ml of bleeding. The suction blood content at the end of the operation (in milliliters), was also collected by bleeding in sterile pads and reported in milliliters . The difference in hemoglobin level 24 after surgery was compared to before surgery. The follow-up period was until discharge from the hospital. Results: No significant difference was seen in the demographic data between the two groups (p < 0.05). Oral TXA had a positive effect on the intraoperative and postoperative bleeding amounts, and hospitalization duration, and it significantly reduced bleeding in the mentioned cases (p < 0.05 in all cases). Moreover, no significant differences were observed in coagulation factors, including PT, INR, and coagulation tests between the two groups, even PTT was increased. Oral TXA increased nausea and vomiting experienced by patients in the intervention group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Overall, oral TXA significantly reduced the intraoperative and postoperative bleeding, as well as the hospitalization duration in patients undergoing spinal surgery in comparison with the placebo group. Because of its anti-fibrinolytic properties, TXA effectively controlled bleeding. Thus, the intraoperative bleeding amount was decreased with the TXA administration.
{"title":"Oral tranexamic acid for bleeding during spinal surgery: A randomized double-blind placebo clinical trialRunning title: Oral tranexamic acid for spinal surgery","authors":"S. Rasras, Nour Mohammad Mamizadeh, H. Safari, A. Kiani, Z. Rahimi","doi":"10.3934/medsci.2020005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/medsci.2020005","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the oral Tranexamic acid (TXA) effect on the bleeding during spine surgery amounts. Patients and Methods: In this randomized double-blind placebo clinical trial, patients with lumbar spinal cord and back pain disease, those who needed fusion or were candidates for bilateral or more or equal to two levels surgeries, and those who referred to the Neurosurgery Department, were included and randomly divided into two equal groups. TXA was orally administered at 25 mg/kg dosages four times a day before surgery and 500 mg in the morning of surgery. The bleeding amount during the operation was calculated based on the number of sterile pads used during the operation and the amount of bleeding collected in the suction device (suction) in milliliters. Each sterile pad soaked in blood is equal to 50 ml of bleeding. The suction blood content at the end of the operation (in milliliters), was also collected by bleeding in sterile pads and reported in milliliters . The difference in hemoglobin level 24 after surgery was compared to before surgery. The follow-up period was until discharge from the hospital. Results: No significant difference was seen in the demographic data between the two groups (p < 0.05). Oral TXA had a positive effect on the intraoperative and postoperative bleeding amounts, and hospitalization duration, and it significantly reduced bleeding in the mentioned cases (p < 0.05 in all cases). Moreover, no significant differences were observed in coagulation factors, including PT, INR, and coagulation tests between the two groups, even PTT was increased. Oral TXA increased nausea and vomiting experienced by patients in the intervention group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Overall, oral TXA significantly reduced the intraoperative and postoperative bleeding, as well as the hospitalization duration in patients undergoing spinal surgery in comparison with the placebo group. Because of its anti-fibrinolytic properties, TXA effectively controlled bleeding. Thus, the intraoperative bleeding amount was decreased with the TXA administration.","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86702206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Older adults (≥ 60 years old) report prolonged periods of sedentary behavior. Sedentary behavior is a potential health hazard for this priority population. Therefore, we systematically reviewed the published literature to document the relationships among sedentary behaviors and twelve health outcomes ranging from mental health to mortality. Methods: Major databases were searched from 2013 to 2019; 27 relevant articles were found and evaluated. In addition, we compared our findings to a previously published review. Results: Higher levels of sedentary behavior were related to an increased risk of all-cause mortality and adversely associated with metabolic syndrome, triglycerides/high density lipoprotein cholesterol/blood glucose, HBA1C/glucose intolerance, waist circumference, and obesity/overweight when compared to those with lower levels of sedentary behavior. Findings for blood pressure, cancer, and mental health (e.g., dementia, mild cognitive impairment, psychological well-being) were insufficient to draw conclusions or had inconsistent results. Because some sedentary behaviors were protective for mental health, we recommend a taxonomy of sedentary behaviors for older adults to provide insights into these seemingly discrepant findings. Some of our findings were similar to a prior review while other findings were different. Conclusion: This systematic review identified the health outcomes that were sufficiently, insufficiently, or not affected by sedentary behavior. To advance the field, we recommend better methodological quality. To improve the overall health and wellbeing of older adults, future studies should evaluate interventions to decrease health-compromising and increase health-promoting sedentary behaviors among older adults.
{"title":"Sedentary behavior and health outcomes in older adults: A systematic review","authors":"W. Taylor, K. Rix, A. Gibson, R. Paxton","doi":"10.3934/medsci.2020002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/medsci.2020002","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Older adults (≥ 60 years old) report prolonged periods of sedentary behavior. Sedentary behavior is a potential health hazard for this priority population. Therefore, we systematically reviewed the published literature to document the relationships among sedentary behaviors and twelve health outcomes ranging from mental health to mortality. Methods: Major databases were searched from 2013 to 2019; 27 relevant articles were found and evaluated. In addition, we compared our findings to a previously published review. Results: Higher levels of sedentary behavior were related to an increased risk of all-cause mortality and adversely associated with metabolic syndrome, triglycerides/high density lipoprotein cholesterol/blood glucose, HBA1C/glucose intolerance, waist circumference, and obesity/overweight when compared to those with lower levels of sedentary behavior. Findings for blood pressure, cancer, and mental health (e.g., dementia, mild cognitive impairment, psychological well-being) were insufficient to draw conclusions or had inconsistent results. Because some sedentary behaviors were protective for mental health, we recommend a taxonomy of sedentary behaviors for older adults to provide insights into these seemingly discrepant findings. Some of our findings were similar to a prior review while other findings were different. Conclusion: This systematic review identified the health outcomes that were sufficiently, insufficiently, or not affected by sedentary behavior. To advance the field, we recommend better methodological quality. To improve the overall health and wellbeing of older adults, future studies should evaluate interventions to decrease health-compromising and increase health-promoting sedentary behaviors among older adults.","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82804489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. N. Thanh, Pham Hung Buon Ma Thuot Dak Lak Vietnam Epidemiology, Nguyen Thi Thi Tho, Tran Dac Phu, T. D. Quang, N. Duong, Vien Chinh Chien, P. T. Lan, Yec Xanh Hai Ba Trung Hanoi Vietnam Epidemiology
Objective: The study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B infection and related factors among adult population in Central Highland, 2018. Methods: The study applied the cross-sectional descriptive design with the combination of structured interview and serological blood tests. There were 2428 respondents in 03 provinces, namely Kon Tum, Gia Lai, Dak Nong included in the study which was conducted from September to December 2018. Results: The prevalence of hepatitis B infection among adults in Central Highland was 11.2% with the positive uniformity among provinces in the region. The findings also showed that male adults, farmers and those who have relatives with liver disease and experienced the kidney dialysis possessed a higher rate of hepatitis B virus infection than the one of other groups. The findings also showed that the respondents had a low uptake of the vaccine among infected group (6.3%). Study subjects with vaccination were less affected by hepatitis B virus infection rate than the ones without vaccination. Conclusions: The high prevalence of chronic hepatitis B in the Central Highland indicates that it needs much more attention of Ministry of Health and local authorities for prevention of infection through mother-to-child transmission and early infection due to late immunization and more rescue investment for diagnostic, evaluation, follow up and treatment of people with chronic
{"title":"Prevalence and factors associated with chronic Hepatitis B infection among adults in the Central Highland, Vietnam","authors":"P. N. Thanh, Pham Hung Buon Ma Thuot Dak Lak Vietnam Epidemiology, Nguyen Thi Thi Tho, Tran Dac Phu, T. D. Quang, N. Duong, Vien Chinh Chien, P. T. Lan, Yec Xanh Hai Ba Trung Hanoi Vietnam Epidemiology","doi":"10.3934/medsci.2020023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/medsci.2020023","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B infection and related factors among adult population in Central Highland, 2018. Methods: The study applied the cross-sectional descriptive design with the combination of structured interview and serological blood tests. There were 2428 respondents in 03 provinces, namely Kon Tum, Gia Lai, Dak Nong included in the study which was conducted from September to December 2018. Results: The prevalence of hepatitis B infection among adults in Central Highland was 11.2% with the positive uniformity among provinces in the region. The findings also showed that male adults, farmers and those who have relatives with liver disease and experienced the kidney dialysis possessed a higher rate of hepatitis B virus infection than the one of other groups. The findings also showed that the respondents had a low uptake of the vaccine among infected group (6.3%). Study subjects with vaccination were less affected by hepatitis B virus infection rate than the ones without vaccination. Conclusions: The high prevalence of chronic hepatitis B in the Central Highland indicates that it needs much more attention of Ministry of Health and local authorities for prevention of infection through mother-to-child transmission and early infection due to late immunization and more rescue investment for diagnostic, evaluation, follow up and treatment of people with chronic","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77583975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. I. Kabuga, Y. A. Hassan, Muhammad Ibrahim Getso
Despite the availability of safe, reliable, and cost-effective measles vaccine, we continue to experience dreadful measles outbreaks with devastating multisystem complications, especially in the pediatric age group. In most instances, the complications arise from a late presentation or delayed institution of appropriate care. With co-existence of measles virus and bacteria in the middle ear, suppurative otitis media can involve the mastoid process and causes fatal complications that manifest late when the patient is in a dire state. This short review highlights the pathogenic mechanisms leading to mastoiditis, facial paralysis, and neck abscess following acute infection with the measles virus, and outlines some useful diagnostic tips. In this review, we searched the international electronic database (PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase) and Google Scholar for articles published on complications of acute measles infection. The keywords used were “mastoiditis”, “mastoid antrum”, “middle ear”, “otitis media”, “Bezold’s abscess”, “facial paralysis” with an operator “OR”; “AND” measles; with restriction to the English language. Also, we searched for similar information in the local clinical and virology journals databases. Thereafter, we reviewed the publications and we described the findings qualitatively.
尽管有安全、可靠和具有成本效益的麻疹疫苗，但我们继续经历可怕的麻疹暴发，造成毁灭性的多系统并发症，特别是在儿科年龄组。在大多数情况下，并发症是由于就诊时间过晚或没有及时接受适当治疗而引起的。随着麻疹病毒和细菌在中耳共存，化脓性中耳炎可累及乳突，并引起致命的并发症，当患者处于可怕的状态时，这些并发症会在晚期表现出来。这篇简短的综述强调了急性麻疹病毒感染后导致乳突炎、面瘫和颈部脓肿的致病机制，并概述了一些有用的诊断提示。在这篇综述中，我们检索了国际电子数据库(PubMed、Web of Science和Embase)和Google Scholar，以获取关于急性麻疹感染并发症的文章。关键词为“乳突炎”、“乳突腔”、“中耳”、“中耳炎”、“Bezold 's脓肿”、“面瘫”，并伴有“OR”操作;”和“麻疹;仅限于英语语言。此外，我们在当地临床和病毒学期刊数据库中检索了类似的信息。之后，我们回顾了这些出版物，并定性地描述了研究结果。
{"title":"Acute infection with measles virus predisposes to mastoiditis with concomitant facial paralysis and neck abscess: A minireview of pathomechanism and diagnostic approach","authors":"A. I. Kabuga, Y. A. Hassan, Muhammad Ibrahim Getso","doi":"10.3934/medsci.2020016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/medsci.2020016","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the availability of safe, reliable, and cost-effective measles vaccine, we continue to experience dreadful measles outbreaks with devastating multisystem complications, especially in the pediatric age group. In most instances, the complications arise from a late presentation or delayed institution of appropriate care. With co-existence of measles virus and bacteria in the middle ear, suppurative otitis media can involve the mastoid process and causes fatal complications that manifest late when the patient is in a dire state. This short review highlights the pathogenic mechanisms leading to mastoiditis, facial paralysis, and neck abscess following acute infection with the measles virus, and outlines some useful diagnostic tips. In this review, we searched the international electronic database (PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase) and Google Scholar for articles published on complications of acute measles infection. The keywords used were “mastoiditis”, “mastoid antrum”, “middle ear”, “otitis media”, “Bezold’s abscess”, “facial paralysis” with an operator “OR”; “AND” measles; with restriction to the English language. Also, we searched for similar information in the local clinical and virology journals databases. Thereafter, we reviewed the publications and we described the findings qualitatively.","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88359548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-19DOI: 10.3934/medsci.2019.4.326
Salma M. AlDallal
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by multiple congenital malformations, progressive bone marrow failure, and susceptibility to cancer. The FA-D1 subtype is associated with biallelic mutations in the breast cancer 2 genes also known as FANCD1. Patients with this mutation display severe disease phenotype. In addition, different types of cancer other than breast cancer are associated with this mutation, such as leukemia, solid tumors of the central nervous system, etc. In this review, we have surveyed the literature on FA, FA genes, their biological roles, and specifically discussed the current information available on the FA-D1 disease subtype. The observations show that the timing of biallelic loss of BRCA2 can establish the specific cancer spectrum. The knowledge about effects of the FANCD1/BRCA2 mutation on FA and cancer pathogenesis can be used for further understanding the FA-D1 subtype of the disease.
{"title":"Quick glance at Fanconi anemia and BRCA2/FANCD1","authors":"Salma M. AlDallal","doi":"10.3934/medsci.2019.4.326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/medsci.2019.4.326","url":null,"abstract":"Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by multiple congenital malformations, progressive bone marrow failure, and susceptibility to cancer. The FA-D1 subtype is associated with biallelic mutations in the breast cancer 2 genes also known as FANCD1. Patients with this mutation display severe disease phenotype. In addition, different types of cancer other than breast cancer are associated with this mutation, such as leukemia, solid tumors of the central nervous system, etc. In this review, we have surveyed the literature on FA, FA genes, their biological roles, and specifically discussed the current information available on the FA-D1 disease subtype. The observations show that the timing of biallelic loss of BRCA2 can establish the specific cancer spectrum. The knowledge about effects of the FANCD1/BRCA2 mutation on FA and cancer pathogenesis can be used for further understanding the FA-D1 subtype of the disease.","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87671642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-25DOI: 10.3934/medsci.2019.4.268
E. Salmasi, M. Anoosheh, Z. Vanaki
Background: Nursing students experience many challenges in their life when entering adolescents and confronting nursing responsibilities. This study aimed to explore the undergraduate nursing students’ strategies in confronting with living challenges. Materials and methods: A conventional content analysis approach used. Nursing students were selected in a purposeful sampling method from universities in Khoy and Tabriz (Iran) and qualitative unstructured interviews were held with 18 undergraduate nursing students. Results: nine strategies were emerged: “Applying the problem-solving process”, “Self-controlling in stressful pressures”, “Maintaining interpersonal relationships”, “Ask for help to remove obstacles”, “Relying on own abilities and beliefs”, “Organizing the financial situations”, “Avoid from unpleasant situations”, “Impulsive behavior with adverse conditions”, and “Rule-based problem solving”. Conclusions: A deeper understanding of life management strategies can be a useful guide for the educational system and can help students and families to overcome stressful situations.
{"title":"Perceived strategies of Iranian nursing students in confronting with living challenges","authors":"E. Salmasi, M. Anoosheh, Z. Vanaki","doi":"10.3934/medsci.2019.4.268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/medsci.2019.4.268","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Nursing students experience many challenges in their life when entering adolescents and confronting nursing responsibilities. This study aimed to explore the undergraduate nursing students’ strategies in confronting with living challenges. Materials and methods: A conventional content analysis approach used. Nursing students were selected in a purposeful sampling method from universities in Khoy and Tabriz (Iran) and qualitative unstructured interviews were held with 18 undergraduate nursing students. Results: nine strategies were emerged: “Applying the problem-solving process”, “Self-controlling in stressful pressures”, “Maintaining interpersonal relationships”, “Ask for help to remove obstacles”, “Relying on own abilities and beliefs”, “Organizing the financial situations”, “Avoid from unpleasant situations”, “Impulsive behavior with adverse conditions”, and “Rule-based problem solving”. Conclusions: A deeper understanding of life management strategies can be a useful guide for the educational system and can help students and families to overcome stressful situations.","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75581402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-22DOI: 10.3934/medsci.2019.4.285
A. Mavroeidi, Lianne McInally, F. Tomasella, P. Dall, D. Skelton
Prolonged sitting (or sedentary behaviour—SB) has profound detrimental effects on health and is associated with increased risk of chronic disease, hospitalisation and premature death. However, while in hospital, a person will spend the vast majority of the day sitting or lying down. A number of strategies have started to be implemented to counteract this phenomenon and get patients up and moving. This is the first explorative study that used device-based measurements of the postural physical activity of older hospitalised adults taking part in such initiatives. A total of 43 patients, mean age 83.8y (SD 8.3), wore a waterproofed activity monitor (activPAL3) for 4 days (including overnight); physical activity was analysed for waking hours. Interventions designed to get patients up and moving were introduced sequentially. Participants were grouped based on the highest level of intervention they received. There were 4 groups: “control” (n = 12), “education” (advice on SB reduction via infographics on the ward noticeboards, n = 12), “#endpjparalysis” (up and dressed by the nurses before 11: 30 am, n = 9), “personalised activity passports” (agreed by Occupational Therapists and other members of the multidisciplinary team with patients, on SB reduction, n = 10). ANOVA revealed the absence of any differences between the 4 groups for total sitting time (p = 0.989), time spent upright (standing and walking) (p = 0.700), number of sitting events (i.e. sit to stand transitions) (p = 0.418) and longest upright period (p = 0.915). This small explorative study of sequential initiatives within a ward setting to reduce SB found they were not successful. The cross-sectional service-improvement nature of the study limited the ability to assess change in individuals as interventions were introduced. Further work is warranted to untangle the determinants of SB in hospital settings and implement interventions of sustainable SB change in this setting.
{"title":"An explorative study of current strategies to reduce sedentary behaviour in hospital wards","authors":"A. Mavroeidi, Lianne McInally, F. Tomasella, P. Dall, D. Skelton","doi":"10.3934/medsci.2019.4.285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/medsci.2019.4.285","url":null,"abstract":"Prolonged sitting (or sedentary behaviour—SB) has profound detrimental effects on health and is associated with increased risk of chronic disease, hospitalisation and premature death. However, while in hospital, a person will spend the vast majority of the day sitting or lying down. A number of strategies have started to be implemented to counteract this phenomenon and get patients up and moving. This is the first explorative study that used device-based measurements of the postural physical activity of older hospitalised adults taking part in such initiatives. A total of 43 patients, mean age 83.8y (SD 8.3), wore a waterproofed activity monitor (activPAL3) for 4 days (including overnight); physical activity was analysed for waking hours. Interventions designed to get patients up and moving were introduced sequentially. Participants were grouped based on the highest level of intervention they received. There were 4 groups: “control” (n = 12), “education” (advice on SB reduction via infographics on the ward noticeboards, n = 12), “#endpjparalysis” (up and dressed by the nurses before 11: 30 am, n = 9), “personalised activity passports” (agreed by Occupational Therapists and other members of the multidisciplinary team with patients, on SB reduction, n = 10). ANOVA revealed the absence of any differences between the 4 groups for total sitting time (p = 0.989), time spent upright (standing and walking) (p = 0.700), number of sitting events (i.e. sit to stand transitions) (p = 0.418) and longest upright period (p = 0.915). This small explorative study of sequential initiatives within a ward setting to reduce SB found they were not successful. The cross-sectional service-improvement nature of the study limited the ability to assess change in individuals as interventions were introduced. Further work is warranted to untangle the determinants of SB in hospital settings and implement interventions of sustainable SB change in this setting.","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88273605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-19DOI: 10.3934/medsci.2019.4.318
F. Dabiri, S. Hajian, A. Ebadi, F. Zayeri, S. Abedini
Objective: Considering the high prevalence of complications, including unwanted pregnancies and high risk sexual behaviors among the Iranian youth population, the aim of this study was to evaluate the sexual and reproductive health literacy among the youth in Bandar Abbas. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Bandar Abbas in 2018. Sexual and reproductive health literacy information was collected using a researcher-made sexual and reproductive health literacy questionnaire (score range 0 to 100) from 400 young people who referred to Bandar Abbas marriage counseling center. Data was analyzed using SPSS 22 software. Results: The mean age of the participants (50.3% male and 49.7% female) was 23 ± 4 years. The mean total sexual and reproductive health literacy score was 54 ± 11, indicating an insufficient overall level of sexual and reproductive health literacy in the population. There was no difference in sexual and reproductive health literacy score between genders (P = 0.50). There was a direct correlation between education level and sexual and reproductive health literacy score (P < 0.001). The most common ways to access information related to sexual and reproductive health in this study were internet and virtual networks (48%), physicians and health care staff (47%). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it seems that policy makers should focus on educating health care providers regarding health literacy in order to promote the health literacy of the youth and society through virtual networks and websites affiliated with the health system.
{"title":"Sexual and reproductive health literacy of the youth in Bandar Abbas","authors":"F. Dabiri, S. Hajian, A. Ebadi, F. Zayeri, S. Abedini","doi":"10.3934/medsci.2019.4.318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/medsci.2019.4.318","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Considering the high prevalence of complications, including unwanted pregnancies and high risk sexual behaviors among the Iranian youth population, the aim of this study was to evaluate the sexual and reproductive health literacy among the youth in Bandar Abbas. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Bandar Abbas in 2018. Sexual and reproductive health literacy information was collected using a researcher-made sexual and reproductive health literacy questionnaire (score range 0 to 100) from 400 young people who referred to Bandar Abbas marriage counseling center. Data was analyzed using SPSS 22 software. Results: The mean age of the participants (50.3% male and 49.7% female) was 23 ± 4 years. The mean total sexual and reproductive health literacy score was 54 ± 11, indicating an insufficient overall level of sexual and reproductive health literacy in the population. There was no difference in sexual and reproductive health literacy score between genders (P = 0.50). There was a direct correlation between education level and sexual and reproductive health literacy score (P < 0.001). The most common ways to access information related to sexual and reproductive health in this study were internet and virtual networks (48%), physicians and health care staff (47%). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it seems that policy makers should focus on educating health care providers regarding health literacy in order to promote the health literacy of the youth and society through virtual networks and websites affiliated with the health system.","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":"323 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85416588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-17DOI: 10.3934/medsci.2019.4.260
B. Jones, S. Saso, T. Bracewell-Milnes, J. Barcroft, J. Borley, T. Goroszeniuk, K. Lathouras, J. Yazbek, J. Richard Smith
Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) can cause extreme physical distress in women and has widespread socio-economic consequences. Nerve root blocks have become a safe and effective treatment modality in multiple specialties in both the diagnosis and treatment of pain. We describe a novel technique of a laparoscopic uterosacral nerve block (USNB) and demonstrate its effectiveness in the treatment of a complex case of CPP. USNB has potential diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic implications. It should therefore be considered as part of the multi-disciplinary management of women with CPP of suspected uterine origin such as adenomyosis, degenerating fibroids or following myomectomy.
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Pub Date : 2019-08-09DOI: 10.3934/medsci.2019.4.296
S. Alizadeh, H. Riazi, H. A. Majd, G. Ozgoli
Introduction: Sexual health is an important dimension of health. Pregnancy is a critical stage in women’s lives and can affect couples’ sexual health and matrimonial life due to physiological, anatomical and psychological changes in pregnancy. This review was conducted on Iranian studies to assess sexual health dimensions and influencing factors in Iranian pregnant women. Methods: This narrative review was carried out by performing a search in Iranian scientific articles published between 2000 and 2018, which considered the dimensions of sexual. Electronic databases including Magiran, Scientific information database (SID), web of science, PubMed, Scopus, and google scholar search engine were searched using the following keywords; sexual health, awareness, belief, attitude, sexual activity, sexual violence, prenatal, pregnancy, and pregnant women. Full text cross-sectional or cohort articles in Persian or English that were related to the field of sexual health of Iranian pregnant women were included in the review. Results: Among the initially identified 1383 articles, 63 met the inclusion criteria. Sexual health of pregnant women was examined and categorized into awareness, attitude, belief-activity, performance-satisfaction, quality of sexual life-sexual violence domains. Majority of studies assessed sexual violence (33 studies), followed by sexual function (24 studies), sexual satisfaction and quality of life (4 studies), and knowledge and attitudes about sexuality in pregnancy (4 studies). Main Conclusion: The review of published studies revealed that the level of awareness and attitude of Iranian pregnant women about sexual activity was low, while the level of sexual dysfunction and sexual violence in pregnancy was high. Therefore, the quality of purposeful care and counseling that have been provided hitherto in order to maintain and improve sexual health during pregnancy and even before pregnancy, should be improved. Further longitudinal and meta-analytic studies on the dimensions of sexual health, including sexual activity and sexual satisfaction are recommended.
导读:性健康是健康的一个重要方面。妊娠期是妇女生命中的关键阶段，由于妊娠期生理、解剖和心理的变化，会影响夫妻的性健康和婚姻生活。本审查是对伊朗的研究进行的，目的是评估伊朗孕妇的性健康方面和影响因素。方法:对2000年至2018年间发表的伊朗科学论文进行了检索，这些论文考虑了性的维度。使用以下关键词检索Magiran、SID、web of science、PubMed、Scopus、谷歌学者搜索引擎等电子数据库;性健康、意识、信仰、态度、性活动、性暴力、产前、怀孕和孕妇。本综述收录了与伊朗孕妇性健康领域相关的波斯语或英语的横断面或队列文章全文。结果:在初步识别的1383篇文献中，有63篇符合纳入标准。对孕妇的性健康进行了调查，并将其分为意识、态度、信念-活动、表现满意度、性生活质量、性暴力等领域。大多数研究评估了性暴力(33项研究)，其次是性功能(24项研究)、性满意度和生活质量(4项研究)以及孕期性知识和态度(4项研究)。主要结论:通过对已发表研究的回顾发现，伊朗孕妇对性行为的认知和态度水平较低，而孕期性功能障碍和性暴力的发生率较高。因此，迄今为维持和改善怀孕期间甚至怀孕前的性健康而提供的有目的的护理和咨询的质量应该得到改善。建议对性健康的维度，包括性活动和性满意度进行进一步的纵向和元分析研究。
{"title":"Sexual health and its related factors among Iranian pregnant women: A review study","authors":"S. Alizadeh, H. Riazi, H. A. Majd, G. Ozgoli","doi":"10.3934/medsci.2019.4.296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/medsci.2019.4.296","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Sexual health is an important dimension of health. Pregnancy is a critical stage in women’s lives and can affect couples’ sexual health and matrimonial life due to physiological, anatomical and psychological changes in pregnancy. This review was conducted on Iranian studies to assess sexual health dimensions and influencing factors in Iranian pregnant women. Methods: This narrative review was carried out by performing a search in Iranian scientific articles published between 2000 and 2018, which considered the dimensions of sexual. Electronic databases including Magiran, Scientific information database (SID), web of science, PubMed, Scopus, and google scholar search engine were searched using the following keywords; sexual health, awareness, belief, attitude, sexual activity, sexual violence, prenatal, pregnancy, and pregnant women. Full text cross-sectional or cohort articles in Persian or English that were related to the field of sexual health of Iranian pregnant women were included in the review. Results: Among the initially identified 1383 articles, 63 met the inclusion criteria. Sexual health of pregnant women was examined and categorized into awareness, attitude, belief-activity, performance-satisfaction, quality of sexual life-sexual violence domains. Majority of studies assessed sexual violence (33 studies), followed by sexual function (24 studies), sexual satisfaction and quality of life (4 studies), and knowledge and attitudes about sexuality in pregnancy (4 studies). Main Conclusion: The review of published studies revealed that the level of awareness and attitude of Iranian pregnant women about sexual activity was low, while the level of sexual dysfunction and sexual violence in pregnancy was high. Therefore, the quality of purposeful care and counseling that have been provided hitherto in order to maintain and improve sexual health during pregnancy and even before pregnancy, should be improved. Further longitudinal and meta-analytic studies on the dimensions of sexual health, including sexual activity and sexual satisfaction are recommended.","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81039848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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