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Driving Factors of Transportation CO2 Emissions in Beijing: An Analysis from the Perspective of Urban Development 基于城市发展视角的北京交通CO2排放驱动因素分析
IF 1.4 Q3 URBAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2020-11-27 DOI: 10.1142/s234574812050013x
Sun Yan, Zhang Yu, Xue-min Liu
There is a coupling relationship between the development of urban transportation and cities: Urban growth leads to increase in the demand for urban transportation and consequently, a lot of transportation emissions. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the mechanism behind the driving effect of urban development on transportation emissions is a crucial prerequisite for coordinated development of low-carbon urban transportation and cities. Based on the oil product allocation method, this paper estimates the transportation emission in Beijing from 1995 to 2016. Then based on the understanding of the driving mechanism, this paper applies the urban allometric scaling law to analyze the relationship between city size and transportation emission. Finally, the driving mechanism is analyzed using the STRIPAT model. The results reveal a superlinear relationship between transportation emission in Beijing and the expansion of the city, as the former outgrew the latter. Population size, urbanization, economic size, industrial structure, spatial scale and infrastructure construction are positive driving factors of transportation emission, whereas progress of energy technologies as a negative driving factor can restrain the growth of transportation emission. Urbanization has the most significant impact on urban transportation emission, and economic size contributes the most to the growth of transportation emission. Based on the results, we make a few policy recommendations for low-carbon urban transportation of Beijing, which include: improving transportation efficiency in the process of urbanization; promoting energy conservation and emission reduction while pursuing economic development so as to decouple transportation emission from urban development; restricting unordered urban expansion and updating the concept of transportation infrastructure supply; and developing energy technologies to improve energy efficiency.
城市交通的发展与城市之间存在耦合关系:城市增长导致对城市交通的需求增加,从而导致大量交通排放。因此,深入了解城市发展对交通排放的驱动作用机制,是低碳城市交通与城市协调发展的重要前提。基于成品油分配方法,对北京市1995-2016年的交通排放进行了估算。然后,在理解驱动机制的基础上,应用城市异速尺度定律分析了城市规模与交通排放之间的关系。最后,利用STRIPAT模型对驱动机构进行了分析。研究结果表明,北京市交通排放量与城市发展之间存在超线性关系,前者大于后者。人口规模、城市化、经济规模、产业结构、空间规模和基础设施建设是交通排放的正驱动因素,而能源技术进步作为负驱动因素可以抑制交通排放的增长。城市化对城市交通排放的影响最为显著,经济规模对交通排放增长的贡献最大。在此基础上,我们提出了北京低碳城市交通的政策建议,包括:在城市化进程中提高交通效率;在追求经济发展的同时促进节能减排,使交通排放与城市发展脱钩;限制无序的城市扩张,更新交通基础设施供给观念;开发能源技术以提高能源效率。
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引用次数: 2
Poverty Reduction Effect of Adaptation to Climate Change: Empirical Evidence from China’s Loess Plateau and Qinba Mountains 适应气候变化的减贫效应:来自中国黄土高原和秦巴山区的经验证据
IF 1.4 Q3 URBAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2020-11-23 DOI: 10.1142/s2345748120500177
Jie Liu, Changyi Liu
Based on the micro-survey data of rural households in China’s Loess Plateau and Qinba Mountains, this paper empirically examines the poverty reduction effect and mechanism of adaptation to climate change. The research conclusions show that the adaptation actions can significantly reduce the poverty vulnerability of farmers, especially the future incidence of poverty in agricultural or poor households to a greater extent, which is characterized by a “pro-poor” effect. Adaptation actions can reduce poverty from two aspects: decreasing the expected income volatility (loss mitigation effect) and increasing the expected income level (opportunity effect), and the former is stronger than the latter. In the post-2020 period, China should enhance policy support in rural areas to adapt to climate change, improve the resilience of farmers’ livelihoods and climate change resilience of rural areas, and promote sustainable poverty reduction.
本文基于黄土高原和秦巴山区农户微观调查数据,实证考察了气候变化适应的减贫效应和机制。研究结论表明,适应行动能够显著降低农民的贫困脆弱性,特别是在更大程度上降低农业或贫困户的未来贫困发生率,具有“亲贫”效应。适应行动可以从降低预期收入波动率(损失减缓效应)和提高预期收入水平(机会效应)两个方面减少贫困,且前者强于后者。2020年后,中国应加强对农村适应气候变化的政策支持,提高农民生计韧性和农村气候变化抵御能力,促进可持续减贫。
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引用次数: 0
Traditional Chinese Culture and the Construction of Ecological Civilization: From Cultural Genes to Practical Behaviors — Case Studies in Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism 中国传统文化与生态文明建设:从文化基因到实践行为——以儒释道为例
IF 1.4 Q3 URBAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2020-11-06 DOI: 10.1142/s2345748120500116
Wei Jiang, Haoran Zhang
Traditional Chinese culture contains the thought of respecting nature and protecting the ecological environment, thus it is of theoretical and practical significance for the construction of ecological civilization in China. This paper uses textual analysis on the works from Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism to explain the cultural genes related to the harmonious development of man and nature, in addition to examining possibilities for adapting the cultural genes in the practice of ecological civilization construction. It concludes that by means of policy guidance and active adaptation, traditional Chinese culture can effectively realize its potential for ecological protection and be integrated into China’s ecological civilization construction.
中国传统文化中蕴含着尊重自然、保护生态环境的思想,对中国生态文明建设具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。本文通过对儒释道著作的文本分析,阐释了与人与自然和谐发展相关的文化基因,并探讨了在生态文明建设实践中适应文化基因的可能性。结论认为,通过政策引导和积极适应,中国传统文化可以有效发挥其生态保护潜力,融入中国生态文明建设。
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引用次数: 2
How Much is the Consumption Potential of Citizenized Migrants? — Based on the Estimation of Migrants’ Income Elasticity of Demand in the New Era of China 城市化移民的消费潜力有多大?——基于新时期中国移民收入需求弹性的估计
IF 1.4 Q3 URBAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2020-11-06 DOI: 10.1142/s2345748120500098
Jie Cheng, Xianzan Yin
The economic development and urbanization in China have stepped into a new stage, and the style of migrants’ consumption has changed. We use nationally representative data from China Migrants Dynamic Survey (2010–2017) for the evaluation of migrants’ income elasticity of demand and data from Urban Household Survey for that of local citizens in the new era of China. The results show the following: (1) Migrants’ income elasticity of demand has reached 0.67 since the new era, presenting a sharply rising trend. In 2017, this number rose to 0.72, indicating that the overall consumption behavior of migrants tended to be localized. (2) Compared with the average consumption elasticity of local citizens (around 0.8), migrants’ income elasticity of demand was low, and still had room for improvement. (3) Citizenized migrants play a significant role in stimulating consumption. As estimated with consumption function, if citizenized migrants’ income elasticity of demand converges with that of local citizens, the total consumption will reach 15.8 trillion in 2030, equivalent to 9.3% of GDP of the year. The consumption growth directly driven by citizenized migrants is about 8 trillion yuan, equivalent to 4.7 percentage points of the GDP. Migrants are not only labor forces but also important consumers for urban areas. Therefore, to expand domestic demands and shift economic development paradigm, it is crucial to citizenize migrants as soon as possible by accelerating the construction of new-type urbanization and the reform of household registration system.
中国的经济发展和城市化进入了一个新阶段,外来人口的消费方式发生了变化。我们使用中国移民动态调查(2010-2017)中具有全国代表性的数据来评估移民的收入需求弹性,并使用城市住户调查中的数据来评价新时期中国当地公民的收入弹性。研究结果表明:(1)新时期以来,农民工的收入需求弹性达到0.67,呈现出急剧上升的趋势。2017年,这一数字上升至0.72,表明移民的整体消费行为趋于本地化。(2) 与当地居民的平均消费弹性(0.8左右)相比,流动人口的收入需求弹性较低,仍有提升空间。(3) 市民化移民在刺激消费方面发挥着重要作用。根据消费函数估计,如果市民化移民的收入需求弹性与当地居民的收入弹性趋同,2030年消费总额将达到15.8万亿,相当于当年GDP的9.3%。市民化流动人口直接拉动的消费增长约为8万亿元,相当于国内生产总值的4.7个百分点。移民不仅是劳动力,也是城市地区的重要消费者。因此,要扩大内需,转变经济发展模式,加快新型城镇化建设和户籍制度改革,尽快实现农民工市民化至关重要。
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引用次数: 1
How Do Urbanization and Urban Agglomeration Affect CO2 Emissions in South Asia? Testing Non-Linearity Puzzle with Dynamic STIRPAT Model 南亚的城市化和城市群如何影响二氧化碳排放?用动态STIRPAT模型测试非线性谜题
IF 1.4 Q3 URBAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2020-10-07 DOI: 10.1142/s2345748120500037
Hongzhong Fan, S. H. Hashmi, Yasir Habib, Minhaj Ali
The issue of urbanization has gained much importance over the last few decades due to its significant influence on economic growth and environmental quality, especially in developing countries. The...
城市化问题在过去几十年中变得非常重要,因为它对经济增长和环境质量产生了重大影响,特别是在发展中国家。这个
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引用次数: 33
Measurement of City Clusters’ Economic Growth Effects and Analysis of the Influencing Factors 城市群经济增长效应测度及其影响因素分析
IF 1.4 Q3 URBAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2020-10-05 DOI: 10.1142/s2345748120500062
Jing Han, M. Gao, Yawen Sun
Based on the panel data of 202 prefecture-level cities within 14 national-level city clusters in China from 2007 to 2016, we established a dynamic panel model to measure the economic growth effects of city clusters and analyzed the main influencing factors. The results show that: (i) Technology has a significant impact on the economic growth of city clusters; the narrowing development gap between regions can help city clusters produce good economic growth effects; the city clusters, if more agglomerated, can help better utilize factors, and thus promote coordinated regional development. (ii) City clusters with multiple central cities boast a stronger engine of economic growth, and the impacts of factors such as technology and clustering degree on their economic growth are more noticeable. (iii) Geographical factors will also affect city clusters’ economic growth. The economic growth of city clusters in Southern China has been more strongly powered by the factors such as technology, clustering degree and human capital than those in Northern China. From the spatial perspective and by using the threshold panel method, we further explored the mechanisms with which the central cities within a city cluster can influence economic growth depending on their accessibility. The results manifest that the more accessible the central cities within a city cluster are, the stronger role they can play in leading and driving the economic growth of surrounding areas. In the future, it is important to promote the transformation of single-core and dual-core city clusters into multi-core city clusters, and give full play to the role of central cities in leading the development of surrounding areas. It is also necessary to vigorously develop technology and transportation to further facilitate the high-quality growth of city clusters.
基于2007-2016年中国14个国家级城市群中202个地级市的面板数据,建立了衡量城市群经济增长效应的动态面板模型,并分析了主要影响因素。研究结果表明:(i)技术对城市集群的经济增长有显著影响;区域间发展差距的缩小有助于城市群产生良好的经济增长效应;城市群如果更加集聚,有助于更好地利用要素,从而促进区域协调发展。(ii)具有多个中心城市的城市集群具有更强的经济增长引擎,技术和集群程度等因素对其经济增长的影响更为显著。(iii)地理因素也会影响城市群的经济增长。与北方城市相比,南方城市集群的经济增长受到技术、集群程度和人力资本等因素的更有力的推动。从空间角度出发,通过使用阈值面板法,我们进一步探讨了城市群内中心城市根据其可及性影响经济增长的机制。研究结果表明,城市群内的中心城市越容易进入,对周边地区经济增长的引领和带动作用就越强。未来,重要的是推动单核、双核城市群向多核城市群转变,充分发挥中心城市对周边地区发展的引领作用。还需要大力发展技术和交通,以进一步促进城市群的高质量增长。
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引用次数: 3
China’s Strategies and Policies for Regional Development During the Period of the 14th Five-Year Plan “十四五”时期中国的区域发展战略与政策
IF 1.4 Q3 URBAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2020-10-05 DOI: 10.1142/s2345748120500086
Houkai Wei, Meng Nian, Le Li
During the 13th Five-Year Plan period, China’s regional development strategies and policies have positively contributed to the economic transformation and upgrading in the eastern China, sound economic growth momentum in the central and western China, faster economic growth in old revolutionary areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas, and poor areas, and more coordinated development among regions. Despite its remarkable achievements, China’s coordinated regional development still faces problems such as unbalanced economic growth between the southern and northern China, great gaps in innovation capacity among regions, difficulties in ensuring equitable access to basic public services, and slow growth of Blue Economy. To pursue regional development in China, the most important task at present is to promote coordinated and high-quality regional development and create a new pattern that can help such development become better in terms of quality, efficiency, fairness, and sustainability. The shift from questing for coordinated regional development to high-quality coordinated regional development not only reflects the transformation of regional development concept but also adapts to the requirement for regional development transformation in today’s China. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, to promote high-quality coordinated regional development, China should continue to make overall planning for the four major regions and coordinate the development of belts and zones with the four major regions as the basis and the key belts and zones as the framework. It should continue to deepen and improve the “[Formula: see text]” master strategy for regional development and facilitate the formation of a national system for regional development strategies. It should further improve the governance system for China’s national space, with an emphasis on creating the main framework for the development of national space that consists of three horizontal axes and three vertical axes, stretches over the eastern, central and western regions, and connects the northern region with the southern region, setting up a network of growth poles mainly supported by city clusters and metropolitan areas, and putting in place a negative list system for national space development. Besides, China should continue to accelerate the development of C-shaped open economic belts in border areas, further strengthen the opening up of inland, and spare no effort to foster the three major marine economic zones, thus working toward all-around opening up that coordinates land and marine development as well as the development of China’s coastal, border and inland areas. On that basis, China should also actively steer the northeastern region out of difficulty and help it develop vigorously, redouble efforts to cultivate advanced manufacturing centers in the central and western regions, formulate and implement support policies for relatively poor areas, and expedite the integration of modern i
“十三五”期间,中国的区域发展战略和政策为东部地区经济转型升级、中西部地区经济增长势头良好、革命老区、少数民族地区、边疆和贫困地区经济增长加快做出了积极贡献,区域间更加协调发展。尽管取得了显著成就,但中国的区域协调发展仍然面临着南北经济增长不平衡、区域创新能力差距大、基本公共服务难以公平获得、蓝色经济增长缓慢等问题。中国要实现区域发展,当前最重要的任务是促进区域协调高质量发展,创造一种有助于区域发展在质量、效率、公平和可持续方面更好的新格局。从追求区域协调发展向高质量区域协调发展的转变,不仅体现了区域发展理念的转变,也适应了当今中国区域发展转型的要求。“十四五”期间,为推动区域高质量协调发展,中国应继续统筹四大区域,以四大区域为基础,以重点带区为框架,协调带区发展。应继续深化和完善“[公式:见正文]”区域发展总体战略,推动形成国家区域发展战略体系。要进一步完善我国国家空间治理体系,重点打造由三横三纵、东中西部、南北贯通的国家空间发展主框架,建立以城市群和都市圈为主要支撑的增长极网络,建立国家空间发展负面清单制度。此外,中国应继续加快沿边C型开放经济带的发展,进一步加强内陆开放,不遗余力地培育三大海洋经济区,从而朝着陆地和海洋发展以及中国沿海、沿边和内陆地区发展相协调的全方位开放努力。在此基础上,中国还应积极引导东北地区走出困境并大力发展,加倍努力培育中西部先进制造业中心,制定和实施对相对贫困地区的支持政策,加快现代基础设施的整合。
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引用次数: 12
An Inquiry into China’s Urbanization Quality in the Era of Urban Society 城市社会时代中国城市化质量探析
IF 1.4 Q3 URBAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1142/S2345748120500050
Tongyu Li, Gu Xiao, Xiao Zhang
In 2011, China entered into an era of urban society with a majority of urban population. It is a miracle in human history and a momentous change in Chinese society. Under this context, this paper establishes an index system to measure the quality of urbanization, including the rate of household registered population and deviation of urbanization based on the three aspects of urban development, residents’ life and urban–rural integration and the five dimensions of population, economy, space, society and urban–rural coordination. The entropy method and inter-provincial panel data in 2011–2017 are used to conduct empirical analysis on the quality of urbanization of China and its evolution in this period. It is found that although urbanization quality has been improved significantly and regional disparities have been alleviated slightly after entering the urban society, the overall pattern has not changed. Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai as well as the eastern provinces including Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Guangdong are among the top, while the northeastern region continues to decline and the western inland provinces are still left behind. The most pressing task is to promote high-quality urbanization. With people as the core and “market” as the support, efforts should be made to improve social construction and urban–rural coordination, narrow the gap between the rate of household registered population and the rate of permanent urban population, promote the new urbanization focusing on quality and finally, build a high-quality modern urban society.
2011年,中国进入了以城市人口为主的城市社会时代。这是人类历史上的奇迹,也是中国社会的重大变革。在此背景下,本文基于城市发展、居民生活、城乡一体化三个方面以及人口、经济、空间、社会、城乡协调五个维度,构建了包括户籍人口率和城镇化偏差在内的城镇化质量测度指标体系。采用熵值法和2011-2017年省际面板数据,对这一时期中国城市化质量及其演变进行实证分析。研究发现,进入城市社会后,虽然城市化质量明显提高,区域差异略有缓解,但总体格局并未发生变化。北京、天津、上海以及包括江苏、浙江和广东在内的东部省份名列前茅,而东北地区继续下降,西部内陆省份仍然落后。当前最紧迫的任务是推进高质量城镇化。要以人为核心,以“市场”为支撑,着力提高社会建设和城乡协调水平,缩小户籍人口与城镇常住人口比例差距,推进以质量为核心的新型城镇化,建设高质量的现代城市社会。
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引用次数: 1
Accounting and Characteristics Analysis of CO2 Emissions in Chinese Cities 中国城市CO2排放核算及特征分析
IF 1.4 Q3 URBAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1142/S2345748120500049
Xing-chun Wang, Jing Wu, Zheng Wang, Xiaoting Jia, B. Bai
Accurate estimation of CO2 emissions is a prerequisite for scientific low-carbon emission policymaking. Based on 20 types of energy consumption data at the prefecture level in China, this paper re-...
准确估计二氧化碳排放量是科学制定低碳排放政策的先决条件。本文以我国20种地市级能源消耗数据为基础,对我国地市级能源消费现状进行了分析。。。
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引用次数: 2
Target Orientation of Addressing Climate Change During the Period of the 14th Five-Year Plan “十四五”期间应对气候变化的目标定位
IF 1.4 Q3 URBAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2020-09-12 DOI: 10.1142/S2345748120500074
Pan Jiahua
Emission reduction is the focus of and difficulty in addressing climate change. In choosing emission reduction targets, China needs to examine the historical trajectory of carbon emissions in devel...
减排是应对气候变化的重点和难点。在选择减排目标时,中国需要考察发展中国家碳排放的历史轨迹。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies
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