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Affine cipher extended to (Z/pZ) and it's application in images 仿射密码扩展到(Z/pZ)及其在图像中的应用
Pub Date : 2013-05-06 DOI: 10.1109/ICTEL.2013.6632106
Y. Benlcouiri, A. Azizi, M. C. Ismaili, M. Benabdellah
In this work, we propose a new encryption method of still images based on the affine encryption principle for achieve a transposition and perform some manipulations to reduce the quantity of bits. The application of this method on images, gave a high degree of safety and a minimum processing time proportional to the number of pixels, during the encryption and the decryption. The comparison of this approach with the encryption method using injection of noise on the architecture of artificial neural networks, the DES encryption and the AES encryption showed that it is more efficient.
在这项工作中,我们提出了一种新的基于仿射加密原理的静态图像加密方法,实现了转置,并进行了一些操作来减少比特数。该方法在图像上的应用,在加密和解密过程中,提供了高度的安全性和与像素数成正比的最小处理时间。将该方法与在人工神经网络结构上注入噪声的加密方法、DES加密方法和AES加密方法进行了比较,结果表明该方法具有更高的效率。
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引用次数: 4
Distributed synchronization for beyond 4G indoor femtocells 超过4G室内飞蜂窝的分布式同步
Pub Date : 2013-05-06 DOI: 10.1109/ICTEL.2013.6632081
Gilberto Berardinelli, Fernando M. L. Tavares, N. Mahmood, Oscar Tonelli, A. Cattoni, T. B. Sørensen, P. Mogensen
The exponential growth in indoor data traffic necessitates a massive deployment of small cells, and emphasizes the importance of interference coordination and suppression to realize the full potential of this densification. To be effective however, interference coordination and suppression requires strict time synchronization between the cells. This paper deals with distributed runtime synchronization for Beyond 4G femtocells. A simple random scheduling solution for the clock distribution messages is proposed, as well as different clock update mechanisms. Simulation results for a dense cell scenario with two stripes of apartments show that a `multiplicative clock update' exhibits an initial large time divergence among neighbor cells, but is able to achieve a lower long-term error floor than `additive clock update'. Practical implications of the residual time misalignment on the Beyond 4G system design are also addressed.
室内数据流量的指数级增长需要大量部署小型蜂窝,并强调了干扰协调和抑制的重要性,以充分发挥这种致密化的潜力。然而,为了有效地协调和抑制干扰,需要细胞之间严格的时间同步。本文研究了超4G飞蜂窝的分布式运行时同步问题。提出了一种简单的时钟分布消息随机调度方案,以及不同的时钟更新机制。对于具有两条公寓条纹的密集单元场景的模拟结果表明,“乘法时钟更新”在相邻单元之间显示出初始的大时间分歧,但能够实现比“加性时钟更新”更低的长期误差地板。本文还讨论了剩余时间偏差对超4G系统设计的实际影响。
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引用次数: 14
Secure & robust RED (SR-RED) 安全可靠的RED (SR-RED)
Pub Date : 2013-05-06 DOI: 10.1109/ICTEL.2013.6632118
W. Z. Khan, M. Aalsalem, Mohamad Naufal Mohamad Saad
In the security of wireless sensor networks, node replication attack is the most critical concern. In node replication attack, an adversary compromises the captured node and replicates the node, creating many replicas with the same node identity by obtaining all the secrets of the nodes. After this an adversary may launch many insidious attacks within the sensor network. So far, Randomized, Efficient and Distributed (RED) is considered to be the most promising distributed solution for detecting clone nodes but it also has some stern, stunning and uncompromising shortcomings. The contributions of this paper are twofold. First, we have presented a distributed and non-deterministic solution, removing the drawbacks of RED by making enhancements in order to identify and revoke clones. Finally, we have proposed a method for the detection of masked replication attack which is another form or variation of Node replication attack.
在无线传感器网络的安全问题中,节点复制攻击是人们最为关注的问题。在节点复制攻击中,攻击者破坏捕获的节点并复制该节点,通过获取节点的所有秘密,创建具有相同节点身份的多个副本。在此之后,对手可能会在传感器网络内发动许多阴险的攻击。到目前为止,随机、高效和分布式(RED)被认为是最有前途的检测克隆节点的分布式解决方案,但它也有一些严重的、惊人的和不妥协的缺点。本文的贡献是双重的。首先,我们提出了一个分布式和非确定性的解决方案,通过增强来识别和撤销克隆,从而消除了RED的缺点。最后,我们提出了一种检测屏蔽复制攻击的方法,它是节点复制攻击的另一种形式或变体。
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引用次数: 1
Power management for collaborative microgrids 协同微电网的电源管理
Pub Date : 2013-05-06 DOI: 10.1109/ICTEL.2013.6632145
Souad Belmoubarik, H. Bilil, G. Aniba, A. Hayar
Microgrids integrating green energy receive more attention from consumers since they present significant benefits including the ability to rely on more localized sources of power generation and keeping the environment healthy and safe. Thus, neighborhoods/cities opt for providing energy from green resources. However, the integration of renewable energies could lead to certain problems such as the destabilization and destruction of the power grids. For this reason, it is essential to build a robust management system and efficient communication between microgrids devices. This paper proposes a new approach based on a dynamic assignment of renewable energy tokens (DARET) algorithm and investigates a non-uniform hierarchical modulation as a data transmission technique over wireless channels. The proposed algorithm allows residential microgrids of a small geographic area to dynamically collaborate and share their individual green energy generation in order to supply their overall loads. The sharing is dynamically updated in short-term by exchanging data, in terms of individual demands and supplies, between the consumers over wireless links.
整合绿色能源的微电网受到消费者更多的关注,因为它们带来了巨大的好处,包括能够依赖更本地化的发电来源,并保持环境的健康和安全。因此,社区/城市选择从绿色资源中提供能源。然而,可再生能源的整合可能导致某些问题,如电网的不稳定和破坏。因此,在微电网设备之间建立健全的管理系统和有效的通信至关重要。本文提出了一种基于可再生能源令牌动态分配(DARET)算法的新方法,并研究了一种非均匀分层调制作为无线信道上的数据传输技术。该算法允许小地理区域的住宅微电网动态协作并共享其各自的绿色能源发电,以满足其总体负载。通过在消费者之间通过无线链路交换个人需求和供应方面的数据,可以在短期内动态更新共享。
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引用次数: 2
Adaptive multi-step channel prediction in spatial channel model using Kalman filter 基于卡尔曼滤波的空间信道模型自适应多步信道预测
Pub Date : 2013-05-06 DOI: 10.1109/ICTEL.2013.6632104
Yijing Liu, Lihua Li
In Time Division Duplex (TDD) System, the downlink Channel State Information (CSI) can be acquired by using the channel reciprocity, after Base Station (BS) has acquired uplink CSI through channel estimation. Nevertheless, due to the mobility of Mobile Station (MS), the rapidly varying channel gain may result in the outdated-CSI at transmitter end. Besides, without any feedback mechanism, BS cannot correct the downlink CSI using channel estimation information at MS end, if there exist no perfect channel reciprocity. This paper proposes a novel adaptive multi-step channel prediction mechanism to combat these problems. By deriving the expression of prediction error, BS can adaptively predict CSI of multi-step ahead while keeping the Mean Squared Error (MSE) under a certain threshold. CSI of the rest samples can be acquired through linear interpolation. The complexity at BS end is largely alleviated correspondingly. Moreover, the proposed scheme takes Spatial Channel Model into consideration to reflect real transmission scenario. Simulation results illustrate that the proposed scheme can effectively reduce the complexity while maintaining the MSE under a certain threshold.
在时分双工(TDD)系统中,基站(BS)通过信道估计获得上行信道状态信息(CSI)后,利用信道互易获取下行信道状态信息(CSI)。然而,由于移动站(MS)的移动性,快速变化的信道增益可能导致发射端csi过时。此外,在没有任何反馈机制的情况下,如果不存在完美的信道互反,则BS无法利用MS端的信道估计信息对下行信道CSI进行校正。本文提出了一种新的自适应多步信道预测机制来解决这些问题。通过推导预测误差表达式,BS可以自适应预测前方多步的CSI,同时使均方误差(Mean Squared error, MSE)保持在一定的阈值以内。其余样本的CSI可以通过线性插值得到。相应的,在很大程度上减轻了BS端的复杂性。此外,该方案还考虑了空间信道模型,以反映真实的传输场景。仿真结果表明,该方法可以有效地降低算法复杂度,同时使MSE保持在一定的阈值以内。
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引用次数: 2
End-to-end performance analysis of dual-hop relaying systems over Extended Generalized K-fading channels 扩展广义k衰落信道上双跳中继系统的端到端性能分析
Pub Date : 2013-05-06 DOI: 10.1109/ICTEL.2013.6632140
M. Aloqlah
Dual-hop transmission systems employing fixed-gain amplify-and-forward relay are studied in this paper. The examination has been done for independent and not necessarily identical Extended Generalized-K fading channels. New, exact closed-form expressions are derived for the nth moments of the end-to-end signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The average end-to-end SNR and the amount of fading (AoF) of the system are also derived. Some numerical plots show that the influence of the power imbalance between the two hops may have gainful or harmful effects on the overall system performance.
研究了采用定增益放大转发中继的双跳传输系统。对独立且不一定相同的扩展广义k衰落信道进行了检验。对于端到端信噪比(SNR)的第n个矩,导出了新的,精确的封闭形式表达式。推导了系统的端到端平均信噪比和衰落量。一些数值图表明,两跳间功率不平衡的影响可能对系统的整体性能产生有益或有害的影响。
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引用次数: 6
Point-process based localization of primary users in collaborative dynamic spectrum access 协同动态频谱接入中基于点过程的主用户定位
Pub Date : 2013-05-06 DOI: 10.1109/ICTEL.2013.6632165
B. Sayraç, L. Gueguen, Chung Cong Trang, Ana Galindo-Serrano
In this paper, we propose a statistical estimation framework to estimate Primary User (PU) transmitter locations by using the spatial characterization of spectrum usage in a collaborative spectrum sensing context in Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) networks. First, a statistical likelihood model of the received power by collaborating Secondary Users (SUs) is constructed by assuming a propagation model and known PU transmitter locations. The added value of the paper is the improvement of this likelihood model by adding the a priori information on the PU transmitter locations in the form of spatial densities and point interactions taken from the theory of point processes. The resulting models are used in a statistical optimization framework to find the Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) estimates of the number of PU transmitters and their locations. Since the ML and the MAP estimations do not accept tractable closed-form analytical formulations, we propose to solve the optimization problems by the numerical Nelder-Mead algorithm. To assess the performance, the resulting random field is considered in the form of an interference map. The effects of the number of collaborating SUs, the shadowing standard deviation and the ratio of the number of SUs to the number of PU transmitters on the estimation quality are also evaluated.
本文提出了一种统计估计框架,利用动态频谱接入(DSA)网络中协同频谱感知环境下频谱使用的空间特征来估计主用户(PU)发射机位置。首先,通过假设一个传播模型和已知的PU发射机位置,构建了协作辅助用户接收功率的统计似然模型。本文的附加值在于对该似然模型进行了改进,从点过程理论中引入了PU发射机位置的空间密度和点相互作用的先验信息。在统计优化框架中使用所得模型来找到PU发射机数量及其位置的最大似然(ML)和最大后验(MAP)估计。由于ML估计和MAP估计不接受可处理的闭形式解析公式,我们提出用数值Nelder-Mead算法来解决优化问题。为了评估性能,产生的随机场以干涉图的形式考虑。分析了协同单元数量、阴影标准差和单元数量与PU发射机数量之比对估计质量的影响。
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引用次数: 1
Evaluation of an energy-efficient broadcast protocol in mobile ad hoc networks 移动自组织网络中一种节能广播协议的评估
Pub Date : 2013-05-06 DOI: 10.1109/ICTEL.2013.6632108
Seytkamal Medetov, M. Bakhouya, J. Gaber, M. Wack
The Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) are communication networks formed on the fly by radio-equipped mobile nodes without relying on any fixed infrastructure. To increase the lifetime of such network, efficient use of energy is a critical issue, because significant energy is consumed by the redundant messages broadcasted on the communication area. To regulate redundant rebroadcasts, which can cause more collisions and requires more energy, recently there have been developed numerous broadcasting techniques. In this paper, we have evaluated and compared an adaptive information dissemination algorithm with other MANETs broadcasting protocols with respect to the energy efficiency.
移动自组织网络(manet)是由配备无线电的移动节点在不依赖任何固定基础设施的情况下动态形成的通信网络。由于在通信区域上广播的冗余消息消耗了大量的能量,因此为了增加这种网络的寿命,有效地利用能量是一个关键问题。为了控制可能引起更多碰撞和需要更多能量的冗余转播,最近已经开发了许多广播技术。在本文中,我们评估并比较了自适应信息传播算法与其他manet广播协议在能源效率方面的差异。
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引用次数: 17
Dumb-to-perfect receiver throughput ratio maps of a time reversal wireless indoor system 时间反转无线室内系统的哑至完美接收机吞吐量比图
Pub Date : 2013-05-06 DOI: 10.1109/ICTEL.2013.6632065
D. P. Huy, S. B. Halima, M. Hélard
Time Reversal (TR) is a pre-filtering technique for Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) wireless systems, which achieves optimum performance with a low complexity receiver such as the Dumb Receiver (DR) (a single tap receiver), when it is operated at low receive Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). TR is thus an interesting candidate for green systems working at low receive SNRs. However, the probability to meet these optimality conditions, in a practical indoor deployment, is still unknown today. For the first time, we propose to evaluate a map of the ratio between the DR throughput and the Perfect Receiver (PR) throughput, i.e. the Dumb-to-Perfect Receiver Throughput Ratio (DPRTR), in a typical indoor deployment scenario. Contrary to previous works, our paper is based on system level simulations, enabling to collect statistical results, and is based on non-simplified analytical Post Receiver Signal-To-Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR) formulas, enabling to measure the exact distance from the optimum. The SINR formulas include exact inter-symbol and multi-stream interference terms. Based on simulations results, we show that a single access point with a power as low as 0dBm (as it could be expected in a green system) spread over a huge bandwidth of 100MHz, the DPRTR metric reaches at least 50%, in regions of the map around the transmitter, and achieves up to 100% in all other regions.
时间反转(TR)是一种用于多输入多输出(MIMO)无线系统的预滤波技术,它在低接收信噪比(SNR)下工作时,可以在低复杂度的接收端(如哑接收器(DR)(单分接接收器)上实现最佳性能。因此,TR是在低接收信噪比下工作的绿色系统的有趣候选者。然而,在实际的室内部署中,满足这些最优条件的概率仍然未知。我们首次提出在典型的室内部署场景中评估DR吞吐量与完美接收器(PR)吞吐量之间的比率图,即哑/完美接收器吞吐量比(DPRTR)。与以往的工作相反,我们的论文基于系统级模拟,能够收集统计结果,并且基于非简化的分析后接收机信噪比(SINR)公式,能够测量到与最优的精确距离。信噪比公式包括精确的码间干扰项和多流干扰项。基于仿真结果,我们表明,在100MHz的巨大带宽上,单个接入点的功率低至0dBm(正如在绿色系统中所期望的那样),在发射机周围的地图区域中,DPRTR指标至少达到50%,并且在所有其他区域中达到100%。
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引用次数: 8
Performance analysis of heterogeneous networks based on SINR selection strategy 基于信噪比选择策略的异构网络性能分析
Pub Date : 2013-05-06 DOI: 10.1109/ICTEL.2013.6632129
Ahmad Jabban, Y. Nasser, M. Hélard
New integrated wireless and mobile networks are emerging to offer a wide range of services through heterogeneous networks anywhere at any time. The promotion towards these networks requires a user-centric approach which could enable users to control their terminal behavior in an efficient way. Each mobile terminal equipped with heterogeneous interfaces can access different network technologies and perform the corresponding services. In this paper, we consider a network selection strategy based on the estimated Signal to Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR) value in an integrated heterogeneous network. Based on the Markov model, we describe the state of the heterogeneous system at any time, taking into account the quality of service (QoS) requirements of all users communicating in the heterogeneous networks. Then we analyze the system performance in terms of the blocking probabilities and connection quality of calls. Moreover, resource blocks allocation for services with different QoS requirements is also analyzed in this paper.
新的集成无线和移动网络正在出现,通过异构网络随时随地提供广泛的服务。向这些网络的推广需要以用户为中心的方法,使用户能够有效地控制他们的终端行为。每个配备异构接口的移动终端都可以访问不同的网络技术并执行相应的业务。在本文中,我们考虑了在集成异构网络中基于估计的信噪比(SINR)值的网络选择策略。在马尔可夫模型的基础上,考虑到异构网络中所有通信用户的服务质量(QoS)需求,描述了异构系统在任何时候的状态。然后从阻塞概率和呼叫连接质量两个方面分析了系统性能。此外,本文还对不同QoS要求的业务的资源块分配进行了分析。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
ICT 2013
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