Endüstride alüminyum, cevherden (birincil alüminyum) ve hurda malzemelerden (ikincil alüminyum) üretilmektedir. Gerek geri dönüşüm ile ülke ekonomisine gerekse rekabet piyasası ile işletmeciye sağladığı katkı ile ikincil alüminyum kullanımı döküm endüstrisinde oldukça fazla yer almaktadır. Ancak ikincil alüminyumun avantajı yapıda bulunan inklüzyonlar, safsızlıklar, hidrojen gazları, oksit filmleri gibi etkenlerin temizlenmesine bağlıdır. Geri dönüşüm yoluyla alüminyumun kullanımında sıvı metal temizliği oldukça önemlidir ve temizleme işlemi için endüstriyel uygulamalarda çeşitli alternatifler mevcuttur. Uygulanan temizleme işleminin uygunluğunun kontrolü ve verimli olup olmadığını belirlenmesi için çeşitli test teknikleri de kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada alüminyum alaşımlarının dökümünde sıvı metal kalitesinin önemi ve temizleme yönteminin uygunluğu için kullanılan test yöntemleri değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca yöntemlerin kullanımı ve birbirlerine göre karşılaştırmaları verilmiştir. Sonuç olarak dökümhane pratiğine bağlı olarak güncel test yöntemleri tartışılmıştır.
{"title":"Alüminyum Alaşımlarına Uygulanan Sıvı Metal Temizliği Kontrol Yöntemlerinin İncelenmesi","authors":"Mehmet Tokatlı, E. Uslu, M. Çolak, Ç. Yüksel","doi":"10.55117/bufbd.1131239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55117/bufbd.1131239","url":null,"abstract":"Endüstride alüminyum, cevherden (birincil alüminyum) ve hurda malzemelerden (ikincil alüminyum) üretilmektedir. Gerek geri dönüşüm ile ülke ekonomisine gerekse rekabet piyasası ile işletmeciye sağladığı katkı ile ikincil alüminyum kullanımı döküm endüstrisinde oldukça fazla yer almaktadır. Ancak ikincil alüminyumun avantajı yapıda bulunan inklüzyonlar, safsızlıklar, hidrojen gazları, oksit filmleri gibi etkenlerin temizlenmesine bağlıdır. Geri dönüşüm yoluyla alüminyumun kullanımında sıvı metal temizliği oldukça önemlidir ve temizleme işlemi için endüstriyel uygulamalarda çeşitli alternatifler mevcuttur. Uygulanan temizleme işleminin uygunluğunun kontrolü ve verimli olup olmadığını belirlenmesi için çeşitli test teknikleri de kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada alüminyum alaşımlarının dökümünde sıvı metal kalitesinin önemi ve temizleme yönteminin uygunluğu için kullanılan test yöntemleri değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca yöntemlerin kullanımı ve birbirlerine göre karşılaştırmaları verilmiştir. Sonuç olarak dökümhane pratiğine bağlı olarak güncel test yöntemleri tartışılmıştır.","PeriodicalId":430699,"journal":{"name":"Bayburt Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125221123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The structural preferences of curcumin (C21H20O6) molecule were analyzed by MMFF method using Spartan06 program and the most stable geometry was determined. To evaluate the effects of curcumin on SARS-CoV-2, the molecular docking studies have been done on the spike glycoprotein and the apo/holo forms of the SARS-CoV-2 major protease enzyme (Mpro). The binding affinities and binding modes of curcumin targeted to the SARS-CoV-2 proteins were determined. It was discovered that curcumin had binding affinities of -7.3, -5.7, and -7.6 kcal/mol to the apo and holo forms of the major protease enzyme (Mpro) and spike glycoprotein, respectively. The findings suggested that curcumin could be a useful therapeutic agent for COVID-19 treatment.
{"title":"Molecular Docking Analysis on the Antiviral Effects of Curcumin on SARS-CoV-2","authors":"A. Demi̇rag, S. Çelik, A. Özel, S. Akyüz","doi":"10.55117/bufbd.1138678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55117/bufbd.1138678","url":null,"abstract":"The structural preferences of curcumin (C21H20O6) molecule were analyzed by MMFF method using Spartan06 program and the most stable geometry was determined. To evaluate the effects of curcumin on SARS-CoV-2, the molecular docking studies have been done on the spike glycoprotein and the apo/holo forms of the SARS-CoV-2 major protease enzyme (Mpro). The binding affinities and binding modes of curcumin targeted to the SARS-CoV-2 proteins were determined. It was discovered that curcumin had binding affinities of -7.3, -5.7, and -7.6 kcal/mol to the apo and holo forms of the major protease enzyme (Mpro) and spike glycoprotein, respectively. The findings suggested that curcumin could be a useful therapeutic agent for COVID-19 treatment.","PeriodicalId":430699,"journal":{"name":"Bayburt Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi","volume":"307 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123672978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Blowers are widely used in industrial and commercial applications such as degassing, textile machinery, and treatment plants. There are many different parameters in designing blower impellers with extensive application areas, and therefore it is necessary to use analysis programs based on the finite element method to achieve accurate results. In this study, the blower designed by Solidworks was analyzed with Solidworks Simulation. The results obtained were compared with the experimental results, and the blower was improved with the analysis program. In line with the analyzes and experimental results obtained, a blower design with a safety factor of 1.5 was carried out using aluminum 7075 T6 material.
{"title":"Improvement of Blower Impeller Design Using Finite Element Analysis Method","authors":"Lezgin Kaya, Betül Gençaslam, Sezgin Balci̇","doi":"10.55117/bufbd.1136708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55117/bufbd.1136708","url":null,"abstract":"Blowers are widely used in industrial and commercial applications such as degassing, textile machinery, and treatment plants. There are many different parameters in designing blower impellers with extensive application areas, and therefore it is necessary to use analysis programs based on the finite element method to achieve accurate results. In this study, the blower designed by Solidworks was analyzed with Solidworks Simulation. The results obtained were compared with the experimental results, and the blower was improved with the analysis program. In line with the analyzes and experimental results obtained, a blower design with a safety factor of 1.5 was carried out using aluminum 7075 T6 material.","PeriodicalId":430699,"journal":{"name":"Bayburt Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126765397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Asia and Central America, turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), sometimes known as "Indian saffron," is a perennial plant that belongs to the Zingiberaceae family. Due to the dried turmeric rhizomes' high concentration of minerals, proteins, carbs, and lipids, as well as the fact that it is available in a form that is simple to use and contains heat, light, and oxygen. Its excellent storage stability against environmental factors makes it more desirable, particularly in the context of the food business. In this study, based on the research on turmeric, curcumin, and its starch, the molecular mechanisms and pharmacological properties underlying its use in various diseases such as anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, antioxidant, anti-obesity, cardio-liver, anti-cancer, anti-arthritis. And its effects on metabolism. In addition to the lack of sufficient studies, it has been argued that its use in the food and pharmaceutical industry is promising when the results of the research are examined.
在亚洲和中美洲，姜黄(Curcuma longa L.)，有时被称为“印度藏红花”，是一种多年生植物，属于姜科。由于干燥的姜黄根茎含有高浓度的矿物质、蛋白质、碳水化合物和脂质，而且它的形式简单易用，含有热、光和氧。它对环境因素的优异储存稳定性使其更受欢迎，特别是在食品行业的背景下。本文在研究姜黄、姜黄素及其淀粉的基础上，探讨了姜黄素在抗炎、抗糖尿病、抗氧化、抗肥胖、心肝、抗癌、抗关节炎等多种疾病中的分子机制和药理作用。以及它对新陈代谢的影响。除了缺乏足够的研究外，有人认为，当研究结果得到检验时，它在食品和制药工业中的应用是有希望的。
{"title":"Zerdeçal Nişastası ve Kurkuminin Uygulamaları","authors":"Kevser Kübra Kirboğa, Burcu Tekin, Münevver Demi̇r","doi":"10.55117/bufbd.1161709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55117/bufbd.1161709","url":null,"abstract":"In Asia and Central America, turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), sometimes known as \"Indian saffron,\" is a perennial plant that belongs to the Zingiberaceae family. Due to the dried turmeric rhizomes' high concentration of minerals, proteins, carbs, and lipids, as well as the fact that it is available in a form that is simple to use and contains heat, light, and oxygen. Its excellent storage stability against environmental factors makes it more desirable, particularly in the context of the food business. In this study, based on the research on turmeric, curcumin, and its starch, the molecular mechanisms and pharmacological properties underlying its use in various diseases such as anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, antioxidant, anti-obesity, cardio-liver, anti-cancer, anti-arthritis. And its effects on metabolism. In addition to the lack of sufficient studies, it has been argued that its use in the food and pharmaceutical industry is promising when the results of the research are examined.","PeriodicalId":430699,"journal":{"name":"Bayburt Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114098839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women and is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths. It is caused by the uncontrolled proliferation of cells in the breast tissue as a result of various factors. For the treatment of breast cancer, chemical drugs are utilized generally. However, chemical cancer drugs have a cytotoxic effect on healthy cells. That causes dose limitation and a decrease in the effectiveness of the treatment. For this reason, herbal-based studies in the treatment of breast cancer become popular day by day. In the literature, the anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties of many plants have been analyzed and their effectiveness has been proven. Diindolylmethane (DIM) and indole-3-carbinol (I3C) molecules found in Elettaria Cardamomum (E. Cardamomum, Cardamom) plant, reduce metastasis, tumorigenesis, immunomodulation. It has been shown in the literature that they play a role in preventing the development of breast cancer via inducing apoptotic pathways in the breast cancer cell. Herein, it is aimed to prevent breast cancer development by applying cardamom extract and cardamom Extract-Freund's adjuvant combination to THP-1 human macrophage cell line and MCF-7 breast cancer cell line and to increase the efficiency of cardamom extract with the use of an adjuvant. As a result, it was determined that the cytotoxic effect of the cardamom Extract-Freund’s adjuvant combination on breast cancer cells was higher than the alone cardamom extract application. At the same time, it was determined that the toxic effect of Freund's adjuvant could be reduced by increasing the plant extract concentration.
乳腺癌是女性中最常见的癌症类型，也是癌症相关死亡的第二大常见原因。它是由各种因素导致乳腺组织中细胞不受控制的增殖引起的。对于乳腺癌的治疗，一般使用化学药物。然而，化学抗癌药物对健康细胞有细胞毒性作用。这会导致剂量限制和治疗效果的降低。因此，以草药为基础的乳腺癌治疗研究日益流行。在文献中，许多植物的抗癌、抗炎和抗菌特性已经被分析并证明了它们的有效性。二吲哚基甲烷(DIM)和吲哚-3-甲醇(I3C)分子存在于豆蔻植物Elettaria Cardamomum (E. Cardamomum, Cardamom)中，具有减少转移、肿瘤发生、免疫调节等作用。文献表明，它们通过诱导乳腺癌细胞的凋亡途径，在预防乳腺癌的发展中发挥作用。本研究旨在通过将豆蔻提取物和豆蔻提取物- freund佐剂联合应用于THP-1人巨噬细胞系和MCF-7乳腺癌细胞系来预防乳腺癌的发展，并通过佐剂的使用来提高豆蔻提取物的效率。因此，确定豆蔻提取物- freund 's佐剂组合对乳腺癌细胞的细胞毒性作用高于单独应用豆蔻提取物。同时确定通过增加植物提取物浓度可以降低弗氏佐剂的毒性作用。
{"title":"Immunostimulant/Cytotoxic Effect of Cardamom Extract with Adjuvant Combination on Breast Cancer Cell Line","authors":"Y. Zengin, Murat Ihlamur, Hümeyra Başari","doi":"10.55117/bufbd.1144102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55117/bufbd.1144102","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women and is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths. It is caused by the uncontrolled proliferation of cells in the breast tissue as a result of various factors. For the treatment of breast cancer, chemical drugs are utilized generally. However, chemical cancer drugs have a cytotoxic effect on healthy cells. That causes dose limitation and a decrease in the effectiveness of the treatment. For this reason, herbal-based studies in the treatment of breast cancer become popular day by day. In the literature, the anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties of many plants have been analyzed and their effectiveness has been proven. Diindolylmethane (DIM) and indole-3-carbinol (I3C) molecules found in Elettaria Cardamomum (E. Cardamomum, Cardamom) plant, reduce metastasis, tumorigenesis, immunomodulation. It has been shown in the literature that they play a role in preventing the development of breast cancer via inducing apoptotic pathways in the breast cancer cell. Herein, it is aimed to prevent breast cancer development by applying cardamom extract and cardamom Extract-Freund's adjuvant combination to THP-1 human macrophage cell line and MCF-7 breast cancer cell line and to increase the efficiency of cardamom extract with the use of an adjuvant. As a result, it was determined that the cytotoxic effect of the cardamom Extract-Freund’s adjuvant combination on breast cancer cells was higher than the alone cardamom extract application. At the same time, it was determined that the toxic effect of Freund's adjuvant could be reduced by increasing the plant extract concentration.","PeriodicalId":430699,"journal":{"name":"Bayburt Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi","volume":"36 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120994885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Afşin Elbistan-A Termik Santrali bacalarından çıkan uçucu küller rüzgarın etkisiyle dağılmakta ve daha sonra toprak üzerine çökmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Santral yakın çevresindeki topraklar üzerinde oluşan ağır metal kirliliği ile hakim rüzgar yönleri ve esme sayıları arasındaki ilişki Gausssian Semivariogram Modeli ile incelenmiştir. Toprak örnekleri termik santralin yakın çevresinden alınmış ve sekiz adet ağır metal (Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Co ve Mn) açısından analiz edilmiştir. Toprak örneklerinin analiz sonuçları Toprak Kirliliğinin Kontrolü Yönetmeliğinde krom ve nikel metalleri için verilen sınır değerlerden yüksek çıkmıştır. Afşin Elbistan A Termik Santrali çevresinde toprak örneklerinde belirlenen ağır metal içeriklerinin hakim Rüzgar Yönüne ve Esme Sayılarına göre elde edilen Gauss dağılım grafikleri incelendiğinde; Kurşun, kadmiyum ve bakır metalleri güneybatı-kuzeydoğu ekseninde dağılmaktadır. Cr, Ni, Zn, Co ve Mn metalleri ise kuzeybatı-güneydoğu ekseninde dağılmaktadır. Bu sonuçlar, uçucu küllerin bacadan çıktıktan sonra rüzgârın esme yönüne ve hızına göre santral çevresinde dağıldığını ve santral yakın çevresinde çöktüğünü göstermektedir. İzlenen ağır metal derişimleri santralden uzaklaştıkça azalmaktadır.
{"title":"Afşin Elbistan-A Termik Santrali Yakın Çevresinde Uçucu Kül Kaynaklı Ağır Metal Dağılımının Gausssian Semivariogram Modeli ile İncelenmesi","authors":"Mehmet Türkmenoğlu, Bayram Ali Mert, Mesut Anil","doi":"10.55117/bufbd.1137003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55117/bufbd.1137003","url":null,"abstract":"Afşin Elbistan-A Termik Santrali bacalarından çıkan uçucu küller rüzgarın etkisiyle dağılmakta ve daha sonra toprak üzerine çökmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Santral yakın çevresindeki topraklar üzerinde oluşan ağır metal kirliliği ile hakim rüzgar yönleri ve esme sayıları arasındaki ilişki Gausssian Semivariogram Modeli ile incelenmiştir. Toprak örnekleri termik santralin yakın çevresinden alınmış ve sekiz adet ağır metal (Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Co ve Mn) açısından analiz edilmiştir. Toprak örneklerinin analiz sonuçları Toprak Kirliliğinin Kontrolü Yönetmeliğinde krom ve nikel metalleri için verilen sınır değerlerden yüksek çıkmıştır. \u0000Afşin Elbistan A Termik Santrali çevresinde toprak örneklerinde belirlenen ağır metal içeriklerinin hakim Rüzgar Yönüne ve Esme Sayılarına göre elde edilen Gauss dağılım grafikleri incelendiğinde; Kurşun, kadmiyum ve bakır metalleri güneybatı-kuzeydoğu ekseninde dağılmaktadır. Cr, Ni, Zn, Co ve Mn metalleri ise kuzeybatı-güneydoğu ekseninde dağılmaktadır. Bu sonuçlar, uçucu küllerin bacadan çıktıktan sonra rüzgârın esme yönüne ve hızına göre santral çevresinde dağıldığını ve santral yakın çevresinde çöktüğünü göstermektedir. İzlenen ağır metal derişimleri santralden uzaklaştıkça azalmaktadır.","PeriodicalId":430699,"journal":{"name":"Bayburt Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121282258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Ramazanoğlu, Zaman Adnan Mohammed, I. Khalo, K. Maher
In this research, a new alternative inexpensive and eco-friendly Aubergine (Eggplant) stems-based biosorbents having produced to remove Cu2+, Ni2+, and Co2+ heavy metal ions from the solution. Moreover, how the corn starch and oil contents affect physical properties like density, heavy metal extraction performance, water intake, and solubility had been determined. Flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) having used the determination of biosorbents extraction performance. The density of the biosorbents had determined according to ASTM D 792 standards. As a result, the untreated eggplant stalk-based biosorbent adsorbed 5.36 mg Co2+ ions, and 4.99 mg of Ni2+ ions. Also, 4.84 mg of Cu2+ ions were extracted from 25 ml 7 ppm of heavy metal ions solutions for 30 minutes, at room temperature with 175 rpm agitation speed by Eggplant-based biosorbents.
本研究制备了一种新的廉价环保的茄子茎基生物吸附剂，用于去除溶液中的Cu2+、Ni2+和Co2+重金属离子。测定了玉米淀粉和油脂含量对玉米密度、重金属萃取性能、进水量和溶解度等物理性质的影响。火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)已用于测定生物吸附剂的萃取性能。根据ASTM D 792标准测定了生物吸附剂的密度。结果表明，未经处理的茄子茎基生物吸附剂吸附Co2+离子5.36 mg, Ni2+离子4.99 mg。在室温下，175 rpm搅拌速度下，从25 ml 7 ppm的重金属离子溶液中提取4.84 mg的Cu2+离子。
{"title":"Aubergine-based Biosorbents for Heavy Metal Extraction","authors":"D. Ramazanoğlu, Zaman Adnan Mohammed, I. Khalo, K. Maher","doi":"10.55117/bufbd.1131122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55117/bufbd.1131122","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, a new alternative inexpensive and eco-friendly Aubergine (Eggplant) stems-based biosorbents having produced to remove Cu2+, Ni2+, and Co2+ heavy metal ions from the solution. Moreover, how the corn starch and oil contents affect physical properties like density, heavy metal extraction performance, water intake, and solubility had been determined. Flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) having used the determination of biosorbents extraction performance. The density of the biosorbents had determined according to ASTM D 792 standards. As a result, the untreated eggplant stalk-based biosorbent adsorbed 5.36 mg Co2+ ions, and 4.99 mg of Ni2+ ions. Also, 4.84 mg of Cu2+ ions were extracted from 25 ml 7 ppm of heavy metal ions solutions for 30 minutes, at room temperature with 175 rpm agitation speed by Eggplant-based biosorbents.","PeriodicalId":430699,"journal":{"name":"Bayburt Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122861971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The need for data security in communication is increasing with the developing technology. The best way to ensure data security is cryptography. Humanity has proposed many cryptography methods for hundreds of years. Today, there are complex cryptography algorithms, which are quite secure but require high processing power. Cryptography techniques used in the past are less secure but require less processing power. This paper proposes an improved version of Vigenère cipher, which is an old cryptography method. The cipher text generated with improved Vigenère cipher is also hidden in an image to keep it safe in transmission environment. The hiding process is carried out with steganography, another data security method. Thus, a method of communication that is both unsuspecting and secure has emerged. The cryptological security of proposed method is evaluated by measuring Avalanche effect, and the steganographic security is evaluated by SSIM and PSNR measurements.
{"title":"A Crypto-Stegano Hybrid Application on Spatial Domain","authors":"Hüseyin Bilal Maci̇t","doi":"10.55117/bufbd.1100693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55117/bufbd.1100693","url":null,"abstract":"The need for data security in communication is increasing with the developing technology. The best way to ensure data security is cryptography. Humanity has proposed many cryptography methods for hundreds of years. Today, there are complex cryptography algorithms, which are quite secure but require high processing power. Cryptography techniques used in the past are less secure but require less processing power. This paper proposes an improved version of Vigenère cipher, which is an old cryptography method. The cipher text generated with improved Vigenère cipher is also hidden in an image to keep it safe in transmission environment. The hiding process is carried out with steganography, another data security method. Thus, a method of communication that is both unsuspecting and secure has emerged. The cryptological security of proposed method is evaluated by measuring Avalanche effect, and the steganographic security is evaluated by SSIM and PSNR measurements.","PeriodicalId":430699,"journal":{"name":"Bayburt Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129491849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the most studied removal processes for pesticides in the literature is adsorption. Although the adsorption process provides very high treatment efficiencies in the removal of many pollutants through batch processes, the cost of the adsorbent consumed is the most important factor limiting the use of the process. In recent years, scientists have focused on composite adsorbents to reduce the costs of the process. In this study, a composite of rice husk (RH) (is a very cheap natural product) and polyaniline (PANI; it has a high cost and provides high treatment efficiency), was produced and its potential as an adsorbent in removal of atrazine was investigated. Within the scope of the study, the effects of operation time (0-480 min), initial pH (3.5-9.5), initial atrazine concentration (2-25 mg/L), and PANI/RH amount (0-1.6 g) on treatment efficiency were examined. The optimum treatment efficiency for atrazine (25 mg/L) was found as 58.3% under 120 min., 5.4 of pH and 1.g/50 ml of adsorbent dosage, and at this condition adsorption capacities (qt) was calculated as 0.58 mg/g. Furthermore, when initial atrazine concentration was raised from 2 to 25 mg/L, the removal efficiencies decreased from 81.1 to 60.4 % but the adsorption capacities (qt) increased from 0.067 to 0.629 mg/g.
{"title":"Polyaniline Coated Rice Husk for Affected Removal of Atrazine","authors":"N. Atalay Gengec","doi":"10.55117/bufbd.1005047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55117/bufbd.1005047","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most studied removal processes for pesticides in the literature is adsorption. Although the adsorption process provides very high treatment efficiencies in the removal of many pollutants through batch processes, the cost of the adsorbent consumed is the most important factor limiting the use of the process. In recent years, scientists have focused on composite adsorbents to reduce the costs of the process. In this study, a composite of rice husk (RH) (is a very cheap natural product) and polyaniline (PANI; it has a high cost and provides high treatment efficiency), was produced and its potential as an adsorbent in removal of atrazine was investigated. Within the scope of the study, the effects of operation time (0-480 min), initial pH (3.5-9.5), initial atrazine concentration (2-25 mg/L), and PANI/RH amount (0-1.6 g) on treatment efficiency were examined. The optimum treatment efficiency for atrazine (25 mg/L) was found as 58.3% under 120 min., 5.4 of pH and 1.g/50 ml of adsorbent dosage, and at this condition adsorption capacities (qt) was calculated as 0.58 mg/g. Furthermore, when initial atrazine concentration was raised from 2 to 25 mg/L, the removal efficiencies decreased from 81.1 to 60.4 % but the adsorption capacities (qt) increased from 0.067 to 0.629 mg/g.","PeriodicalId":430699,"journal":{"name":"Bayburt Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116876089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The last decade has seen an increase in the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML). Recent advances in the field of BC have led to renewed interest in the use of electroencephalography (EEG) for different fields. EEG is used in medical and biomedical applications such as analyzing mental workload and fatigue, diagnosing brain tumors and rehabilitation of central nervous system disorders; EEG-based motion analysis and classification is widely used in many areas from clinical applications to brain-machine interface and robotic applications. This article reviews the applications of many ML algorithms used in EEG signal processing, introduces commonly used algorithms, typical application scenarios, important advances and current problems. The study explored current applications of ML in EEG, including brain-computer interfaces, cognitive neuroscience, diagnosis of brain disorders, and more. First, the basic principles of ML algorithms used in EEG signal processing, including convolutional neural network, support vector machines, K-nearest neighbor and multidirectional convolutional neural network, are briefly explained. In addition, a general research on ML applications used in EEG analysis is presented. As a result, it was determined that the most SVM and CNN methods were used in the studies, and the study titles were mainly on epilepsy, BCI and Emotion, and the least on Alcohol, Sleeping States, Perception.
{"title":"A Review on Topics where Machine Learning has been used to Process EEG Signals","authors":"Shams Qahtan Omar Omar, C. Tepe","doi":"10.55117/bufbd.1099025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55117/bufbd.1099025","url":null,"abstract":"The last decade has seen an increase in the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML). Recent advances in the field of BC have led to renewed interest in the use of electroencephalography (EEG) for different fields. EEG is used in medical and biomedical applications such as analyzing mental workload and fatigue, diagnosing brain tumors and rehabilitation of central nervous system disorders; EEG-based motion analysis and classification is widely used in many areas from clinical applications to brain-machine interface and robotic applications. This article reviews the applications of many ML algorithms used in EEG signal processing, introduces commonly used algorithms, typical application scenarios, important advances and current problems. The study explored current applications of ML in EEG, including brain-computer interfaces, cognitive neuroscience, diagnosis of brain disorders, and more. First, the basic principles of ML algorithms used in EEG signal processing, including convolutional neural network, support vector machines, K-nearest neighbor and multidirectional convolutional neural network, are briefly explained. In addition, a general research on ML applications used in EEG analysis is presented. As a result, it was determined that the most SVM and CNN methods were used in the studies, and the study titles were mainly on epilepsy, BCI and Emotion, and the least on Alcohol, Sleeping States, Perception.","PeriodicalId":430699,"journal":{"name":"Bayburt Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131631494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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