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Experimental Investigation of Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Columns Strengthening with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Under Axial and Uniaxial Bending Loadings 碳纤维增强聚合物对钢筋混凝土柱轴向和单轴弯曲加固性能的试验研究
Pub Date : 2022-06-05 DOI: 10.55117/bufbd.1118830
Y. Erbaş, M. Baran, Ömer Mercimek, Ozgur Anil
Reinforced concrete columns are the most important structural elements that need to be strengthened or repaired due to situations such as aging of the structure, environmental effects, earthquake, etc. It is very important to determine what effects a structural element is exposed to while being strengthened. Although reinforced concrete columns are often subjected to concentric loads, especially side columns are also subjected to eccentric loads and try to carry axial loads under the influence of bending moments. In this study, it is aimed to experimentally investigate concentric and eccentrically loaded reinforced concrete columns strengthening with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) strips. For this purpose, 6 large-scale test elements were fabricated. Two of these test elements were chosen as reference. The remaining 4 test elements are strengthened with CFRP strips. Loading type (concentric and eccentric) and anchor usage were determined as variables. The strip width and spacing were kept constant. As a result of the experimental study, the maximum load carrying capacity, initial stiffness, ductility and energy dissipation capacity of the test elements were calculated and the results were compared.
钢筋混凝土柱是由于结构老化、环境影响、地震等情况而需要加固或修复的最重要的结构构件。确定结构元件在加固时所受到的影响是非常重要的。钢筋混凝土柱虽然经常受到同心荷载的作用,但特别是侧柱也会受到偏心荷载的作用,在弯矩的影响下尽量承担轴向荷载。在本研究中,旨在对碳纤维增强聚合物(CFRP)条加固同心和偏心受压钢筋混凝土柱进行试验研究。为此,制作了6个大型试验元件。选取其中两个测试元素作为参考。其余4个试验单元采用CFRP条加固。加载类型(同心和偏心)和锚的使用确定为变量。条带宽度和间距保持不变。在试验研究的基础上,计算了试验单元的最大承载能力、初始刚度、延性和耗能能力,并对结果进行了比较。
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引用次数: 0
Mechanical Analysis of a Layered Hybrid Composite Plate Created for Helmet Structures 头盔结构层状混合复合材料板的力学分析
Pub Date : 2022-05-24 DOI: 10.55117/bufbd.1084327
Burhan Tepehan, İ. Y. Sülü
Bu çalışmada, mukavemeti arttırılmış hibrit tabakalı bir kompozit plaka arasına eklenmiş alüminyum alaşımının yapı üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Bu katmanlı plaka için kompozit malzeme türlerinden karbon fiber ve cam fiber seçilmiştir. Bu malzemelerin arasına eklenecek bağlayıcı olarak epoksi reçine belirlenmiştir. Çalışmalar nümerik analiz olarak sonlu elemanlar temelli ANSYS paket programı kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Üç boyutlu sonlu elemanlar yönteminden faydalanarak çarpışma analizi uygulanmıştır. Bu analiz sonucundan sac levhanın ve yapılan kompozit diziliminin etkileri araştırılmış olup ideal dizilimler tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır.
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引用次数: 0
An Investigation on Hospital Design from the Perspective of Universal Design: Trabzon- Kaşüstü Kanuni Training ve Research Hospital 通用设计视角下的医院设计考察:Trabzon- Kaşüstü卡努尼培训研究医院
Pub Date : 2022-05-16 DOI: 10.55117/bufbd.1074907
Seyyedeh Asal Hojjati̇, Reyhan MİDİLLİ SARI
Hastaneler gibi büyük ve çok fonksiyonlu binaların tasarımındaki yapısal karmaşıklığa rağmen, tasarımcının kullanıcı gruplarının olabildiğince tamamını göz önünde bulundurması gerekmektedir. Her türlü sosyal ve kültürel sınıftan, farklı cinsiyet, yaş grubu, fiziksel özellik ve yeterliliğe sahip hasta, hasta yakını ya da sağlık personeli; hastalık tedavisi ya da sağlık kontrolü nedeniyle bu yapıların kullanıcılarını oluşturmaktadır. Bu durum hastanelerin yalnızca erişilebilirlik standartlarıyla değil; aynı zamanda evrensel tasarım yaklaşımıyla da ele alınmasını gerektirmektedir. Evrensel tasarım, uyum ve özel tasarıma gerek duymadan, mümkün olduğu kadar en geniş kapsamda, herkesin kullanabileceği ortamların veya ürünlerin tasarlanmasını ifade eder. Buradan hareketle çalışmanın amacı, hastane tasarımında evrensel tasarım ölçütlerinin uygulanma biçim ve düzeylerini değerlendirmek ve irdelemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda nitel ve nicel veri toplama araçlarından yararlanılmış; yerinde tespit ve gözlem, ölçüm ve fotoğraflama teknikleri bir arada kullanılmıştır. Çalışma alanı Trabzon- Kaşüstü Kanuni Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi olup irdelemeler 2019 yılı ortalarına kadar çalışma alanından elde edilen veriler üzerinden tamamlanmıştır. Çalışmada, poliklinik alanlarının genel kullanımda olan otopark alanları, girişler, yatay ve düşey dolaşım alanları, danışma, hasta kayıt ve bekleme alanları ile tuvaletler ele alınmıştır. Öncelikle her bir bölüm için kontrol listeleri oluşturulmuş, toplamda 244 değerlendirme ölçütü çalışma alanında uygulanmıştır. Böylece, herkes için kullanım açısından eksik, düzeltilmesi ya da geliştirilmesi gereken özellikler ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda hastanenin yönetmeliklere uygun tasarlanmış olması nedeniyle yaklaşım ve kullanım için uygun boyut ve mekân konusunda sorunların daha az olduğu; ancak özellikle basit ve sezgisel kullanım ve algılanabilir bilgi konularında eksikliklerin fazla olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
尽管医院等大型多功能建筑的设计结构复杂,但设计师仍需尽可能考虑到所有用户群体。病人、亲属或医护人员来自不同的社会和文化阶层,具有不同的性别、年龄段、身体特征和能力,他们构成了这些建筑的用户,用于疾病治疗或健康控制。这种情况要求医院不仅要符合无障碍标准,还要采用通用设计方法。通用设计是指设计出每个人都能最大程度使用的环境或产品,而无需进行调整和特殊设计。从这一角度出发,本研究旨在评估和检查通用设计标准在医院设计中的应用形式和水平。为此,使用了定性和定量数据收集工具;同时使用了现场检测和观察、测量和摄影技术。研究区域为特拉布宗卡舒斯图-卡努尼培训与研究医院,分析工作基于截至 2019 年年中从研究区域获得的数据完成。在研究中,讨论了停车场、入口、水平和垂直流通区、问讯处、患者登记和等候区以及厕所等综合诊疗区常用的区域。首先,为每个区域创建了检查表,并在研究区域内应用了共计 244 项评价标准。因此,在每个人的使用方面,缺少的、需要纠正或改进的功能都被揭示了出来。研究结果表明,由于医院是按照规定设计的,因此在大小和空间上适合接近和使用的问题较少;但是,尤其是在简单直观的使用和可感知的信息方面存在较多不足。
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引用次数: 0
Two and Three Level Converter Design and Power Analysis in Wind Turbine System 风电系统二电平和三电平变流器设计及功率分析
Pub Date : 2022-04-29 DOI: 10.55117/bufbd.1087308
Yunus Çitak
Today, the increasing need for energy has led countries to energies produced from renewable energy sources. In this study, doubly fed asynchronous generator (DFIG) based wind turbine system suitable for wind turbines with a high power requirement has been examined and simulated. This turbine system generates power to the 120 kV grid with 6 units of 1.5 MW, a total of 9MW power, integrated into the 25 kV distribution system, with a line length of 30 km, and a 25 kV transformer. Due to the fact that the DFIG based wind turbine system is suitable for bidirectional energy flow, it consists of two converters connected one after the other. Three-phase two-level converter and three-phase three-level converter were designed in Matlab/ Simulink program and switching signals were produced with sinusoidal pulse width modulation technique. Total power, reactive power and output voltages of the system values were compared by using these converters and on 15 m/sn wind speed in the DFIG-based wind turbine modeling we designed. For the simulated system, more stable and stable results were obtained with the three-level converter.
今天,日益增长的能源需求促使各国采用可再生能源生产的能源。本文对双馈异步发电机(DFIG)风力发电系统进行了研究和仿真,该系统适用于大功率风力发电机组。该水轮机系统向120kv电网发电,6台1.5 MW机组,总功率9MW,并入25kv配电系统,线路长度30公里,配一台25kv变压器。由于基于DFIG的风力机系统适合于能量的双向流动,所以它由两个依次连接的变流器组成。采用Matlab/ Simulink编程设计了三相两电平变换器和三相三电平变换器,采用正弦脉宽调制技术产生开关信号。在设计的基于dfig的风力机建模中,利用这些变流器与15 m/sn风速下的系统总功率、无功功率和输出电压值进行了比较。对于仿真系统,采用三电平变换器得到了更加稳定的结果。
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引用次数: 0
Synthesis and Characterization of Proton Transfer Salts of 2-Aminobenzothiazole Derivatives 2-氨基苯并噻唑衍生物质子转移盐的合成与表征
Pub Date : 2022-04-15 DOI: 10.55117/bufbd.1075492
H. İlkimen, C. Yeni̇kaya
In this study, (E)-4-oxo-4-(3-sulfamoylphenyl)amino)but-2-enoic acid (Habsmal) was first obtained from the reaction of maleic anhydride (mal) with 3-aminobenzenesulfonamide (abs). Then, salts of 2-aminobenzothiazole (abt) (1) and 2-amino-6-ethoxybenzothiazole (EtOabt) (2) were synthesized by Habsmal. In addition, proton transfer salts were obtained from the reactions of 5-sulfosalicylic acid (H3ssa) with 2-amino-6-hydroxybenzothiazole (HOabt) (3) and 2-amino-6-nitrobenzothiazole (NO2abt) (4). The structures of proton transfer salts obtained in amorphous state have been proposed by elemental analysis, NMR (1H and 13C), FT-IR, charge balance and previous studies. According to the results of this analysis, the acid and base association ratios were found to be 1:1
本研究首次由马来酸酐(mal)与3-氨基苯磺酰胺(abs)反应制得(E)-4-氧-4-(3-氨基磺酰基苯基)氨基-2-烯酸(Habsmal)。然后用Habsmal合成了2-氨基苯并噻唑(abt)(1)和2-氨基-6-乙氧基苯并噻唑(EtOabt)(2)盐。此外,5-磺基水杨酸(H3ssa)与2-氨基-6-羟基苯并噻唑(HOabt)(3)和2-氨基-6-硝基苯并噻唑(NO2abt)(4)反应得到了质子转移盐。通过元素分析、核磁共振(1H和13C)、傅里叶变换红外(FT-IR)、电荷平衡和前人的研究,得到了无定形状态下质子转移盐的结构。根据分析结果,发现酸碱缔合比为1:1
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引用次数: 1
Essential and Fixed Oils: Evaluation of Chemical Structure-Activity Relationship 精油和固定油:化学构效关系的评价
Pub Date : 2022-03-14 DOI: 10.55117/bufbd.1021436
Gülce Taşkor Önel, Hatice Gözde YAMAN AKBAY
Bitkilerden ayrıştırılabilen, canlı sistemlere etkileri tanımlanan maddeler ve bunların farmasötik, kozmetik, gıda gibi alanlarda kullanımı her zaman dikkat çeken konulardan olmuştur. Bitkisel kaynaklardan örneğin çiçek, tohum, yaprak, kabuk, dal, köklerden elde edilen sabit ve uçucu yağlar için antiseptik, antibakteriyel, antifungal, antioksidan, antiviral aktiviteler bilinen en yaygın etkilerdendir. Aromaterapi, fiziksel ve ruhsal olarak yaşam kalitesini düzenlemek için uygulanan uçucu ve sabit yağlarla formüle edilen bütünsel tedavi yaklaşımıdır. Amerika Ulusal Sağlık Enstitüleri (NIH) aromaterapi yağlarının, solunum yolu üzerinden inhalatif ve difüzif yöntemlerinin, cilt üzerinden jel, krem, losyon şeklinde topikal uygulamalarının ve ağızdan çözelti, tablet, kapsül şeklinde dahili uygulamalarının olduğunu belirtmişlerdir. Tıbbın babası olarak anılan Hipokrat’ın MÖ 400’lü yıllarda çok önem verdiği aromaterapi yağları ile ilgili güncel araştırma makale sayısı oldukça azdır. Uçucu ve sabit yağların kimyasal yapılarının tanınması, biyolojik aktivite ile ilişkilendirilmesi, aromaterapi uygulamalarına temel bilgi birikimi sağlaması açısından çok önemlidir. Bu derleme çalışmasında en çok kullanılan uçucu ve sabit yağlarla ilgili güncel ve güvenilir çalışmalar kimyasal yapı-aktivite uygulamaları açısından değerlendirilmiştir.
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引用次数: 0
Polygonum longipes (Polygonaceae) Türünün 124 Yıl Sonra Yeniden Keşfi
Pub Date : 2022-03-07 DOI: 10.55117/bufbd.1029251
M. Keski̇n, Zeki Severoğlu
Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de en son 124 yıl önce toplanmış olan Polygonum longipes türü hakkında detaylı ve karşılaştırmalı bilgiler verilmektedir. Türün taksonomik durumu, ekolojik ve morfolojik özellikleri tanıtılıp, tartışılmıştır.
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of Forest Crimes in Turkey 土耳其森林犯罪评价
Pub Date : 2022-02-11 DOI: 10.55117/bufbd.1025434
Nuray Kahyaoğlu, Engin Güvendi, Murat Ertuğrul
The forest assets of our country, known as 22,9 million hectares, are under various threats and the most important source of these threats is people. Most of the damages caused by human interventions in forests are caused by forest villagers living in rural areas. These actions, which are called forest crimes, are still seen in our country and stand before us as a problem. forest crime; It has been considered as all actions that threaten the future of forest assets, violate regular and continuous use, and therefore endanger this national wealth. At first glance, forest crimes can be understood by many as cutting trees, clearing and burning the forest, and may seem simple and few in number. In this study, forest crimes committed in Turkey between 1988-2019; It has been discussed in terms of criminal headings such as illegal cutting of forest trees, illegal transportation of forest products, illegal opening of forest areas, illegal occupation of forest areas, illegal use of forest areas, and grazing without permission. In addition, by giving statistical information about the related crimes, suggestions have been made about the causes of these crimes and what needs to be done to prevent crimes.
我国2,290万公顷的森林资产正受到各种威胁,而这些威胁的最重要来源是人。人类对森林的干预造成的破坏大多是由居住在农村地区的森林村民造成的。这些被称为森林犯罪的行为在我国仍然可见,并作为一个问题摆在我们面前。森林犯罪;它被认为是所有威胁森林资产未来,违反正常和持续使用,从而危及这一国家财富的行为。乍一看,森林犯罪可以被许多人理解为砍伐树木,清理和焚烧森林,似乎很简单,数量很少。在这项研究中,1988年至2019年期间在土耳其发生的森林犯罪;对非法采伐林木、非法运输林产品、非法开辟林区、非法占用林区、非法使用林区、未经许可放牧等犯罪罪名进行了讨论。此外,通过提供有关犯罪的统计资料,对这些犯罪的原因和预防犯罪需要做些什么提出了建议。
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引用次数: 0
1,4-Bis(2-Kloro-4-Nitrofenil)Piperazin Molekülünün Yapısının Aydınlatılması ve DNA ile Moleküler Kenetlenme Analizi
Pub Date : 2022-01-17 DOI: 10.55117/bufbd.1006221
A. Demirağ, Sefa Celik, Berkant İlgi̇n, A. Özel, Sevim Akyüz
Piperazine-derived molecules have important anticancer activities. In this study, conformational analysis was performed using the Spartan06 program to elucidate the structure of 1,4-Bis(2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl)piperazine (C16H14Cl2N4O4). Among the conformations determined as a result of the conformation analysis, the molecular structure with the lowest energy was determined. DNA is an important target for anticancer molecules. For this reason, the interaction of 1,4-Bis(2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl)piperazine with DNA (PDB ID: 1BNA) was investigated through docking simulations. The obtained lowest energy conformer of the title molecule was taken as the starting geometry of the ligand for docking simulations with target DNA. As a result, the binding affinity and the binding mode of the title molecule with DNA were evaluated. 1,4-Bis(2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl)piperazine has -7.5 and -7.4 kcal/mol binding affinities to DNA, in two different sites. Depending on the molecular docking studies, the 1,4-Bis(2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl)piperazine was predicted to possess strong anti-tumor effects.
哌嗪衍生分子具有重要的抗癌活性。本研究采用Spartan06程序对1,4-二(2-氯-4-硝基苯基)哌嗪(C16H14Cl2N4O4)的结构进行了构象分析。在构象分析确定的构象中,确定了能量最低的分子结构。DNA是抗癌分子的重要靶点。为此,通过对接模拟研究1,4-双(2-氯-4-硝基苯基)哌嗪与DNA (PDB ID: 1BNA)的相互作用。将得到的标题分子的最低能量构象作为配体与目标DNA对接模拟的起始几何形状。结果,评价了标题分子与DNA的结合亲和力和结合方式。1,4-双(2-氯-4-硝基苯基)哌嗪在两个不同的位点上对DNA具有-7.5和-7.4千卡/摩尔的结合亲和力。通过分子对接研究,预测1,4-双(2-氯-4-硝基苯)哌嗪具有较强的抗肿瘤作用。
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引用次数: 0
Analyses and Preventation of Scabbing Defect Formation on Cast Irons by Casting Simulation 铸铁结痂缺陷形成的铸造模拟分析与预防
Pub Date : 2022-01-13 DOI: 10.55117/bufbd.1036170
Fatih Baran, A. Ozel, S. Erturk, Elif Cansu Camur
In this study, the types and possible causes of the dart defect, which is one of the surface defects that are frequently encountered in foundries, has been examined. As a case, a gearbox part with a high scrap rate of dart defect is considered. First of all, the parameters (mechanical properties of the mold sand, casting temperature, etc.) that are effective in the formation of the dart defect have been checked. According to the outputs of the Magmasoft © Simulation software, in order to prevent the cause of the dart defect in the part made of EN-GJL 300 material, it was observed that the runner ingates did not work in balance as a result of faulty in runner design. The gating system was redesigned with the basic approaches of fluid mechanics, and with the simulation made before the application on pattern, a significant improvement was observed compared to the outputs of the first simulation study. It has been seen that the root cause of the dart defect, which is generally known as sand expansion and the solution of which is sought in the sand parameters, may also be caused by the runner system. By evaluating the general literature and process control results with the simulation software result outputs, the cause of the dart defect was determined and the scrap rate of the part has been reduced by eliminating this defect type.
本文研究了铸造厂中经常遇到的表面缺陷之一——镖缺陷的类型和可能的原因。以某齿轮箱零件为例,分析了高缺陷废品率的零件。首先,对有效形成省道缺陷的参数(型砂力学性能、浇注温度等)进行校核。根据Magmasoft©仿真软件的输出,为防止EN-GJL 300材料零件的镖缺陷的原因,观察到由于流道设计缺陷导致流道内盖不平衡工作。采用流体力学的基本方法对浇注系统进行了重新设计,并在花纹应用前进行了仿真,与第一次仿真研究的输出结果相比,有了明显的改善。已经看到,通常被称为胀砂的镖道缺陷的根本原因也可能是由流道系统引起的,其解决方法在砂粒参数中寻求。通过对一般文献和过程控制结果的评价,结合仿真软件的结果输出,确定了缺陷产生的原因,消除了缺陷,降低了零件的废品率。
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引用次数: 0
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Bayburt Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi
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