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Improvement of Disaster Safety Management System in Local Governments: Focused on the Case Analysis of the Disaster Safety Management System in the United States and Japan 地方政府灾害安全管理制度的完善——以美国和日本的灾害安全管理制度为例
Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.51394/ccmr.2021.5.2.53
Jin Chae
Recently, disasters have diversified and the frequency of occurrence has increased compared to the past. In addition, the improvement of the awareness of disasters by local residents leads to the increase in the demand for disaster safety management administration for local governments, and the role of local governments in disaster safety management is emphasized more. Therefore, this study examined the current state of local governments in order to strengthen the capacity of disaster safety management system of local governments. In addition, the factors of the system and leadership of the disaster safety management system in Japan and the United States, and the human resource capacity factors of the disaster safety management system in the local governments were examined. Through the analysis of overseas cases, the limitations of the disaster safety management system of local governments in Korea were overcome and suggestions for strengthening the capacity were presented by dividing the role of the central government and the role of local governments.
最近,灾害变得多样化,发生的频率比过去有所增加。此外,当地居民灾害意识的提高导致地方政府对灾害安全管理行政的需求增加,地方政府在灾害安全管理中的作用更加被强调。因此,本研究考察了地方政府的现状,以加强地方政府灾害安全管理系统的能力。此外,还考察了日本和美国灾害安全管理体系的制度和领导因素,以及地方政府灾害安全管理体系的人力资源能力因素。通过对国外案例的分析,克服了韩国地方自治团体灾害安全管理体制的局限性,提出了将中央政府和地方自治团体的作用进行划分,加强能力建设的建议。
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引用次数: 0
Landscape analysis and simulation of landscaping effects in traditional building group preservation districts: A Case Study of Jindaikoji District, Unzen City, Nagasaki Prefecture 传统建筑群保护区内景观分析与景观效果模拟——以长崎县云禅市金代寺区为例
Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.51394/ccmr.2021.5.2.1
Ping Chen, K. Sugiyama
FThis study is targeting Shinshirokoji district, Kunimi-cho, Unzen city, Nagasaki prefecture. In this regard, this study paid attention to the individual objects forming the landscape and their relationships. That is, first of all, the impressions of individual objects forming the landscape were evaluated, and the relationship between the impressions of the objects was revealed. Next, the strength of each object's impression was added to the evaluation, and the overall weighted impression evaluation score of the entire district was specified. First, in this study, qualitative impressions of buildings, gardens, and walls were evaluated using the SD method in Kojirokuji, Unzen City, Nagasaki Prefecture. Second, the three types of qualification theory and cluster analysis were applied to quantitatively analyze the impression of objects and the relationship between each object. Third, weights for the impressions of all objects were introduced and the total score of impressions weighted to the entire area was calculated. Finally, we simulated the effect of hiding low-valued objects. As a result, the validity of the impression evaluation result was confirmed.
本研究以长崎县云禅市国美町新七路区为研究对象。在这方面,本研究关注形成景观的单个物体及其关系。也就是说,首先对形成景观的单个物体的印象进行评价,揭示物体印象之间的关系。然后,将每个对象的印象强度加入到评价中,得到整个区域的整体加权印象评价分数。首先,在本研究中,使用SD方法对长崎县云禅市Kojirokuji的建筑物,花园和墙壁的定性印象进行了评估。其次,运用三种定性理论和聚类分析定量分析了对象的印象和各对象之间的关系。第三,引入所有物体的印象权重,计算整个区域的印象权重得分。最后,我们模拟了隐藏低价值对象的效果。验证了印象评价结果的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
A Study on the Capacity Enhancement of the Utilized Fire Brigade through the Analysis of Overseas Cases: Focused on the U.S., Japan, Germany, Swiss Utilitarian Fire Brigade 基于国外案例分析的实用型消防队能力提升研究——以美国、日本、德国、瑞士实用型消防队为例
Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.51394/ccmr.2021.5.2.21
S. Byun, G. Yang
Looking at the environment of recent disasters, wide-area disasters that are difficult to respond to by one fire station frequently occur. In disaster management, it is urgent to establish an orderly command system and convert firefighters to national positions for disaster management by the government trusted by the people. Discussions on redefining the role of volunteer fire brigade are active at a time when public opinion is prevailing that a unified command system capable of responding quickly and accurately to disasters should be established by strengthening the firefighting organization, which is the responsibility of the head of a metropolitan government, as a national organization. it is progressing Considering these disaster environments and national firefighting policies, it is necessary to seek ways to strengthen the capacity of volunteer firefighters according to the transition of firefighters to national positions. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the operational problems of the volunteer fire brigade, which is limited to auxiliary roles other than fire suppression, and to investigate and consider advanced activities at home and abroad, to establish a practical way to redefine the role as a safety keeper contributing to the improvement of community resilience. I am working on an alternative. In order to redefine the role of the volunteer fire brigade, based on the results of overseas cases and statistical analysis, this study's policy suggestions for organizational operation, financial operation, activity matters, and education and training are as follows. First, it is necessary to convert into various volunteer fire departments that meet regional needs, such as serving as volunteers of private resources for local residents or regional disaster safety managers. Second, when budgeting a volunteer fire brigade, the budget for operation according to the capacity of each volunteer fire brigade must be budgeted so that the expenses necessary for the basic activities of the local volunteer platoon can be executed. Third, dedicated personnel in charge of the volunteer fire brigade are in charge of tasks related to various fire and disaster prevention governance, such as cooperation with private fire organizations or other civic groups, and vitalize volunteer fire brigade activities through communication and cooperation between social groups. do. Fourth, it is necessary to spread safety culture in the local community and induce consensus formation by recruiting experts in each field such as machinery, chemistry, and heavy equipment that are appropriate for the situation by utilizing the regional characteristics of a volunteer fire brigade and differentiated from other organizations. In addition, education and training to strengthen the on-site response capability of existing volunteer firefighters should be strengthened.
纵观近期灾害发生的环境,一个消防站难以应对的大面积灾害时有发生。在灾害管理中,当务之急是建立有序的指挥体系,将消防员转变为国民信任的政府灾害管理的国家职位。人们普遍认为,应该把由地方自治团体负责人负责的消防机构强化为国家机构,建立能够迅速准确应对灾害的统一指挥体系。在这种情况下,有关重新定义志愿消防队作用的讨论十分活跃。考虑到这些灾害环境和国家消防政策,有必要根据消防员向国家职位的转变,寻求加强志愿消防员能力的方案。因此,本研究的目的是分析志愿消防队仅限于灭火以外的辅助角色的运作问题,并调查和考虑国内外先进的活动,为重新定义作为安全守护者的角色有助于提高社区复原力建立一种可行的方法。我正在研究另一种选择。为了重新界定志愿消防队的角色,本研究结合国外案例结果及统计分析,在组织运作、财务运作、活动事项、教育培训等方面提出政策建议。首先,要转变为满足区域需求的各种志愿消防部门,如为当地居民或区域灾害安全管理者提供私人资源志愿服务。第二,在编制志愿消防队预算时,必须根据每个志愿消防队的能力编制行动预算,使当地志愿消防队基本活动所需的费用得以执行。第三,志愿消防队的专职人员负责与民间消防组织或其他民间团体合作等各种消防防灾治理相关的任务,通过社会团体之间的沟通与合作,活跃志愿消防队活动。做的。第四,有必要利用志愿消防队的地区特点,与其他组织区分开来,招募适合当地情况的机械、化学、重型设备等各个领域的专家,在当地传播安全文化,并形成共识。此外,应加强教育和培训,以加强现有志愿消防员的现场响应能力。
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引用次数: 0
National Crisis Management System Development Direction 国家危机管理体系发展方向
Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.51394/ccmr.2021.5.1.63
Chae-Eon Lee
Recently, as the U.S. and China's hegemony competition has intensified, a new Cold War is being formed in East Asia where the world's military power is concentrated, and the security crisis is increasing, such as the continuous increase of North Korea's nuclear threat. This study examined the national crisis management system of the previous regimes in Korea and analyzed the laws and regulations related to the national crisis management, the organizational system, the control tower, and the consultative body to suggest the direction of the development of the national crisis management system that can cope with the future crisis situation. As a result, in the legal system field, the enactment of the “National Crisis Management Basic Act” which is the most basic of the national crisis management system is essential, and the grading of the national crisis alarm and the supplementation of the national crisis management stage were required. The organizational system and control tower suggested a plan to strengthen the function of the national emergency preparedness while controlling the crisis management in the disaster field by organizing the national crisis management execution control tower in the prime minister's office while the national security office serves as the control tower for the national crisis management. In addition, the councils operated according to individual laws and regulations were proposed to unify into the National Crisis Management Council so that they could cope efficiently if a large-scale crisis occurs simultaneously. Like the “Umbrella on a Clear Day,” the crisis is not predictable, and what is expected, prepared, and not known is the difference between heaven and earth. The crisis situation that will come in the future should be recognized as a scale and form beyond the imagination of mankind, and should be supplemented and developed by law, system and organizational system.
最近,随着中美霸权竞争的加剧,世界军事力量集中的东亚地区正在形成新冷战,朝鲜核威胁不断增加等安全危机日益加剧。本研究考察了韩国历届政权的国家危机管理制度,分析了国家危机管理的相关法律法规、组织体系、控制塔、协商机构等,提出了能够应对未来危机情况的国家危机管理制度的发展方向。因此,在法律制度领域,制定作为国家危机管理体系最基础的《国家危机管理基本法》是必不可少的,需要对国家危机预警进行分级,补充国家危机管理阶段。组织体系和控制塔提出了在国务总理室设立国家危机管理执行控制塔,国家安保室作为国家危机管理控制塔,加强国家应急准备和控制灾害现场危机管理功能的方案。此外,还提议,如果同时发生大规模危机,将按照个别法律法规运作的委员会统一为国家危机管理委员会,以便有效应对。就像“晴天的雨伞”一样,危机是不可预测的,什么是预料到的,什么是准备好的,什么是不知道的,这就是天和地的区别。对于未来即将到来的危机形势,我们应该认识到它的规模和形式超出了人类的想象,需要法律、制度和组织体系的补充和发展。
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引用次数: 0
The Direction of National Crisis Management System Consistent with the New Security Environment 新安全环境下国家危机管理体系的发展方向
Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.51394/ccmr.2021.5.1.17
Chanki Jeong
Today, Corona-19, the threat of new security such as climate change, the increasing of US-China hegemony, and the provocation using North Korea's advanced science ICT have become commonplace. Despite the changes in the era of security threats, the government is holding back effective crisis management due to the fact that it is separated from reality, weak control towers, and lack of presidential leadership. To improve this, first, the revision of the law, such as the “Cyber Announcement Act” that meets the security environment, is the second, the operation of the security control tower coordination system and the unification of the chief of the company. Third, the establishment of the pseudonym “National Core-Based Protection Agency” is necessary. Fourth, it is necessary to prepare laws related to the voluntary compensation treatment for victims of unconstitutional commitment. Finally, participation such as Quad and Five-eyes is needed to share accurate information. The transformation of the national crisis management system in response to the environmental changes of security disasters is not a presence but a solen.
如今,新冠肺炎疫情、气候变化等新安全威胁、美中霸权日益增强、朝鲜利用先进科技进行挑衅已成为家常便饭。在安全威胁时代发生变化的情况下,政府脱离现实、控制塔薄弱、总统领导能力不足等原因阻碍了有效的危机管理。为了改善这一点,一是修改法律,如符合安全环境的“网络公告法”,二是安全控制塔协调系统的运作和公司负责人的统一。第三,设立“国家核心保护机构”是必要的。第四,有必要制定有关违宪承诺受害人自愿赔偿待遇的法律。最后,需要像Quad和Five-eyes这样的参与来分享准确的信息。应对安全灾害环境变化的国家危机管理体制转型不是存在,而是现实。
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引用次数: 0
The Direction of Japan's Disaster Prevention 4.0 and Local Government Disaster Prevention Policy: Focusing on Independent Disaster Prevention Organizations 日本防灾4.0的发展方向与地方政府防灾政策:以独立防灾组织为中心
Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.51394/ccmr.2021.5.1.41
Ja-sung Lee
As the paradigm shifts from government-centered to community-centered disaster management, the importance of disaster management governance is highlighted. This paper analyzes the cases of disaster management governance in self-disaster organization in Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, and suggests implications for disaster management governance in Korea. The Japanese government proposed a disaster prevention 4.0 future project through the experience of the Hanshin Awaji earthquake and the Great East Japan earthquake, and suggested a direction shift from government-centered response to community-centered. The main goal is to recognize disaster response as their own work and to take responsibility for self-family and community safety, emphasizing the importance of self-disaster organization in the region, as well as roles, linkages and cooperation. In Korea, there are similar organizations such as volunteer fire brigade and local autonomous disaster prevention organization, but there are concerns about the role of actual disaster occurrence due to the aging of members and passive attitude. This study suggests the contents and roles of the self-disaster organization through case analysis of the self-disaster organization in Sendai City, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, the transition of disaster prevention awareness education from government-led to citizen-led, the linkage of educational facilities such as schools, and the participation of students in disaster activities.
随着灾害管理范式从以政府为中心向以社区为中心的转变,灾害管理治理的重要性凸显出来。本文分析了日本宫城县仙台市自灾组织的灾害管理治理案例,并提出了对韩国灾害管理治理的启示。日本政府通过阪神浅路地震和东日本大地震的经验,提出了防灾4.0未来项目,并建议从以政府为中心的应对转向以社区为中心的应对方向。主要目标是承认救灾是他们自己的工作,并对自我家庭和社区安全负责,强调本区域自我灾害组织的重要性,以及作用、联系和合作。在韩国,虽然也有消防志愿队、地方自治防灾团体等类似的组织,但由于成员的老龄化和消极的态度,对实际灾害发生的作用存在担忧。本研究通过对日本宫城县仙台市自灾组织的个案分析、防灾意识教育由政府主导向市民主导的转变、学校等教育设施的联动、学生参与灾害活动等,提出自灾组织的内容和作用。
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引用次数: 0
Development of Disaster Logistics System for Efficient Operation of Disaster Management Resources: Focusing on the Analysis of Japan's Support logistics improvement Plan after the Great East Japan Earthquake 灾害管理资源高效运行的灾害物流体系建设——以东日本大地震后日本保障物流改善计划为例
Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.51394/ccmr.2021.5.1.1
Ju Ho Lee
This study attempted to present the necessity of approaching disaster logistics to streamline the operation of disaster management resources in Korea by analyzing the problems and issues of the support logistics process in the process of responding to the Great East Japan Earthquake in Japan. The key issues of supporting materials identified by Japan in the process of responding to the Great East Japan Earthquake are: first, damage to logistics infrastructure itself and recovery period, second, damage to municipal employees and facilities, third, lack of fuel to supply transportation, multiple logistics. As an improvement task, the scope of integration of disaster logistics should be broadly dealt with from a logistics perspective, strengthening backup systems and countermeasures, strengthening cooperation with the private sector, and improving identified problems. It is meaningful to suggest that the disaster management resource problem is no longer a matter of securing and stockpiling resources, but is at a time when it should be converted to the concept of disaster logistics in response to changing disaster patterns.
本研究试图通过分析日本东日本大地震应对过程中支援物流过程中存在的问题和问题,提出接近灾害物流以简化韩国灾害管理资源运作的必要性。日本在应对东日本大地震过程中确定的支持物资的关键问题是:第一,物流基础设施本身的损坏和恢复期;第二,市政雇员和设施的损坏;第三,缺乏燃料供应运输,多重物流。作为一项改进任务,应从物流的角度广泛处理灾害物流一体化的范围,加强后备系统和对策,加强与私营部门的合作,改善已发现的问题。有意义的建议是,灾害管理资源问题不再是确保和储存资源的问题,而是应将其转变为灾害后勤的概念,以应对不断变化的灾害模式。
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引用次数: 0
A Study on the Government's Quarantine Policy on COVID- 19: Focusing on the Impact of Government Quarantine Policies on the Spread of COVID- 19 政府对COVID- 19的检疫政策研究——以政府检疫政策对COVID- 19传播的影响为重点
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.51394/ccmr.2020.4.2.27
P-J He
Sudden spread of infectious diseases such as COVID-19 is related to the interests of the people and the development of society, and coping with the crisis caused by this is a great ordeal for the government. It is emphasized how the government will improve its ability to cope with the spread of the crisis in unexpected public health events and do better in crisis management. There is a need for this study. This is because the government's quarantine policy during the epidemic disaster is very important in controlling the spread of infectious diseases. This study aims to explore the causes of different situations in China, the United States, and Korea during the COVID-19 pandemic. The implications derived from the results of a comparative analysis of the COVID-19 response policies of three countries, Korea, China, and the United States, are as follows. It can be seen that the governments of Korea and China have relatively high ability to control infectious diseases. Compared to the current serious situation in Western countries such as the United States, it can be seen that the government's quarantine policy is important. Only when the government has the ability to respond to infectious disease crises as quickly and accurately as COVID-19 can it minimize the loss of people's lives and property in the event of a crisis, while reducing the negative impact of the crisis.
COVID-19等传染病的突然蔓延关系到人民的利益和社会的发展,应对由此带来的危机对政府来说是一个巨大的考验。强调政府如何在突发公共卫生事件中提高应对危机蔓延的能力,更好地做好危机管理。有必要进行这项研究。这是因为在疫情期间,政府的检疫政策对控制传染病的传播非常重要。本研究旨在探讨新冠肺炎大流行期间中国、美国和韩国不同情况的原因。对韩国、中国、美国3个国家的新冠肺炎应对政策进行对比分析后得出的结论如下。由此可见,韩国和中国政府对传染病的控制能力相对较高。与美国等西方国家目前的严重情况相比,可以看出政府的隔离政策是重要的。只有具备像新冠肺炎疫情那样快速、准确应对传染病危机的能力,才能在危机发生时最大限度地减少人民生命财产损失,同时减少危机的负面影响。
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引用次数: 0
Crisis Management Countermeasures Adopted to Prevent the Collective Spread of COVID-19 Infection: Focused on China 防范新型冠状病毒感染集体传播的危机管理对策:以中国为重点
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.51394/ccmr.2020.4.2.13
Yue Pu
This paper focuses on China and introduces the current situation of COVID-19, the government and citizens' response methods, preventive measures, existing problems, and applicable measures. Based on previous human research results, this research provides improvement countermeasures for COVID-19 governance and network theory from the perspective of crisis management. The time frame of the research is from December 2019 to present. As the trend of economic globalization sweeping the world intensifies and economic and cultural integration, China, as a responsible major country, also shares risks with other countries. COVID-19 first occurred in China, and it can be seen that the epidemic has been well controlled in China from a global perspective. Therefore, it is very important to study the crisis management measures adopted by China.
本文以中国为中心,介绍了新冠肺炎疫情的现状、政府和公民的应对方法、预防措施、存在的问题和适用的措施。本研究在前人研究成果的基础上,从危机管理的角度对COVID-19治理和网络理论提出改进对策。研究时间框架为2019年12月至今。在全球经济全球化趋势加剧、经济文化一体化的背景下,中国作为一个负责任的大国,也与其他国家共担风险。新冠肺炎疫情首先发生在中国,从全球的角度来看,中国疫情得到了很好的控制。因此,研究中国采取的危机管理措施是非常重要的。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of perception of infectious disease crisis and quarantine system and countermeasures 传染病危机的认知与检疫制度及对策分析
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.51394/ccmr.2020.4.2.1
Gaoyuan Li
Human history can also be said to be the history of fighting against viruses. Worldwide, about 290,000 or 640,000 people die each year from influenza-related respiratory diseases. Diseases and calamities caused by viruses have so far been very close to humanity, so understanding the causes and mechanisms of viruses helps us strengthen preparedness and respond scientifically. In this context, the purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of infectious diseases in history on human society and the role they play on the quarantine system, and to find the right response and quarantine system for the sustainable survival of mankind in the face of an ever-increasing infectious disease crisis. and presents an alternative. On the other hand, it is to analyze the perception of the infectious disease crisis and the quarantine system, and to provide opinions on how to respond to the infectious disease crisis and develop the quarantine system. Therefore, this study emphasized the importance of developing the quarantine system and improving awareness of crisis by analyzing various behavioral and psychological states after the outbreak of COVID-19, from human efforts to eradicate the virus to the development of the quarantine system. They also discussed how to deal with an infectious disease crisis. For this purpose, a graph analysis method was used. The graph analysis method was used to compare and analyze the quantitative change and regularity of social phenomena in various fields by representing the situation of social phenomena in the form of statistical graphs.
人类的历史,也可以说是一部与病毒作斗争的历史。全世界每年约有29万或64万人死于与流感有关的呼吸道疾病。迄今为止,病毒引起的疾病和灾难已经非常接近人类,因此,了解病毒的原因和机制有助于我们加强防范和科学应对。在此背景下,本研究的目的是分析历史上传染病对人类社会的影响及其对检疫制度的作用,在面对日益严重的传染病危机时,为人类的可持续生存找到正确的应对和检疫制度。并提出了另一种选择。另一方面,分析对传染病危机和检疫制度的认识,并就如何应对传染病危机和发展检疫制度提出意见。因此,本研究通过分析疫情爆发后人们的各种行为和心理状态,从人类根除病毒的努力到隔离制度的发展,强调了建立隔离制度和提高危机意识的重要性。他们还讨论了如何应对传染病危机。为此,采用了图分析方法。运用图形分析法,将社会现象的情况以统计图形的形式表现出来,对各领域社会现象的量变和规律性进行比较分析。
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引用次数: 0
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National Crisisonomy Institute, Chungbuk National University
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