Pub Date : 2006-07-01DOI: 10.30166/PPMR.200607.0003
H. Weng, Jen-Shin Lee
The goal of the present study was to clarify factors that associated with the quality of life for patients with asthma. Quantile regression method was used to estimate the effects of a set of covariates on the quantiles of quality of life distribution. The research subjects were 216 children with asthma who attended the Asthma Pay-by-Quality Program initiated by the Bureau of National Health Insurance in Taiwan. Study results indicate that ordinary least square method is not sufficient to explain the effects of associated factors on quality of life for children with asthma across all distributions. Also, the results of quantile regression indicate that daytime symptoms, night time symptom, and attitude towards asthma have significant impacts for children with asthma, though not appeal to affect cross all quantiles of the sample distribution.
{"title":"Predictors of the Quality of Life for Children with Asthma: An Application of Quantile Regression","authors":"H. Weng, Jen-Shin Lee","doi":"10.30166/PPMR.200607.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30166/PPMR.200607.0003","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of the present study was to clarify factors that associated with the quality of life for patients with asthma. Quantile regression method was used to estimate the effects of a set of covariates on the quantiles of quality of life distribution. The research subjects were 216 children with asthma who attended the Asthma Pay-by-Quality Program initiated by the Bureau of National Health Insurance in Taiwan. Study results indicate that ordinary least square method is not sufficient to explain the effects of associated factors on quality of life for children with asthma across all distributions. Also, the results of quantile regression indicate that daytime symptoms, night time symptom, and attitude towards asthma have significant impacts for children with asthma, though not appeal to affect cross all quantiles of the sample distribution.","PeriodicalId":431367,"journal":{"name":"Pan-Pacific Management Review","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127144944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper utilizes a differential game model of incentive contracts in which both the principal and the agent have long-term supplier relations, which lead the agent to make relation-specific investment in cost-reducing effort activities. We then demonstrate the importance of the agent's human capital accumulation in determining the agent's cost-reducing effort level and moral hazard and the principal's optimal incentive contracts. The results show that (1) the degree of the agent's moral hazard is determined not only by cost flexibility but also by the rate of discount, the rate of depreciation of human capital, and the period commitment; (2) the principal's cost-sharing ratio will be higher if the agent's moral hazard is serious; and (3) the trade-off relationship between cost-sharing and moral hazard does not necessarily hold in the dynamic framework.
{"title":"Human Capital Accumulation and Incentive Contracts: A Theoretical Perspective","authors":"Yao-Hsien Lee, Ying-Jui Lu, Huangen Chen, Chin-Chen Chen","doi":"10.30166/PPMR.200607.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30166/PPMR.200607.0001","url":null,"abstract":"This paper utilizes a differential game model of incentive contracts in which both the principal and the agent have long-term supplier relations, which lead the agent to make relation-specific investment in cost-reducing effort activities. We then demonstrate the importance of the agent's human capital accumulation in determining the agent's cost-reducing effort level and moral hazard and the principal's optimal incentive contracts. The results show that (1) the degree of the agent's moral hazard is determined not only by cost flexibility but also by the rate of discount, the rate of depreciation of human capital, and the period commitment; (2) the principal's cost-sharing ratio will be higher if the agent's moral hazard is serious; and (3) the trade-off relationship between cost-sharing and moral hazard does not necessarily hold in the dynamic framework.","PeriodicalId":431367,"journal":{"name":"Pan-Pacific Management Review","volume":"21 7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122963549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-07-01DOI: 10.30166/PPMR.200507.0001
I. Han
Cooperative alliance has been a popular governance form other than pure markets and hierarchies in the contemporary international business world. With or without equity sharing, firms form cooperative alliances with domestic or international partners, aiming to gain synergies to create better performance than by using arm's-length transactions or their own internal competitive advantages. This paper proposes an integrative model from the perspectives of transaction cost and social capital theories as a means to find the direct and indirect determinants of cooperative alliance performance. National culture is specified as an indirect factor of influence in the following alliance performance determinants: exchange attributes, governance structures, and coordination mechanisms. Propositions and managerial implications are provided as a major contribution of this paper.
{"title":"Performance of Cooperative Alliance: An Integrative Model from the Perspectives of Transaction Cost, Social Capital, And National Culture","authors":"I. Han","doi":"10.30166/PPMR.200507.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30166/PPMR.200507.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Cooperative alliance has been a popular governance form other than pure markets and hierarchies in the contemporary international business world. With or without equity sharing, firms form cooperative alliances with domestic or international partners, aiming to gain synergies to create better performance than by using arm's-length transactions or their own internal competitive advantages. This paper proposes an integrative model from the perspectives of transaction cost and social capital theories as a means to find the direct and indirect determinants of cooperative alliance performance. National culture is specified as an indirect factor of influence in the following alliance performance determinants: exchange attributes, governance structures, and coordination mechanisms. Propositions and managerial implications are provided as a major contribution of this paper.","PeriodicalId":431367,"journal":{"name":"Pan-Pacific Management Review","volume":"143 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123145739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-07-01DOI: 10.30166/PPMR.200507.0003
Huei-Chen Hsu
The main points of this paper are probing for the combination of information technology and virtual work and how to change the distribution of different types of knowledge across individuals, teams, and even the organization. The discussion in the paper will assess the dynamics between the individual, the organization, and information technology in the context of teams that vary in their virtualness. Information technology can make convenient spread of knowledge across the organization-even the point of making virtual teams a viable alternative to face-to-face work. However, unless managed, information technology may destabilize the relationship between organizations and their employees when it comes to the transform of knowledge. Therefore, the paper advances theory and informs practice by illustrating the dynamics of knowledge development and transfer in more and less virtual teams.
{"title":"The Impact of Knowledge Transfer in Virtual Teams","authors":"Huei-Chen Hsu","doi":"10.30166/PPMR.200507.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30166/PPMR.200507.0003","url":null,"abstract":"The main points of this paper are probing for the combination of information technology and virtual work and how to change the distribution of different types of knowledge across individuals, teams, and even the organization. The discussion in the paper will assess the dynamics between the individual, the organization, and information technology in the context of teams that vary in their virtualness. Information technology can make convenient spread of knowledge across the organization-even the point of making virtual teams a viable alternative to face-to-face work. However, unless managed, information technology may destabilize the relationship between organizations and their employees when it comes to the transform of knowledge. Therefore, the paper advances theory and informs practice by illustrating the dynamics of knowledge development and transfer in more and less virtual teams.","PeriodicalId":431367,"journal":{"name":"Pan-Pacific Management Review","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126715057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-07-01DOI: 10.30166/PPMR.200407.0001
Han-Tzong Lee, Wellington K. Kuan
Taiwan has successfully developed an IC industry through the efforts of the government and industry itself over the past thirty years. One of key factors that decades of rapid and continuous economic growth and prosperity was driven prominently by the development of an IC industry to let Taiwanese being proud of it. The purpose of this research is to explore the development track of IC industry to know how it worked. This paper reviews the development and transformation process of IC industry in Taiwan. This process will be examined from the longitudinal aspects through synthesizing the literature reviews and observations. It is categorized by three stages: labor-intensive stage, technology-intensive stage and capital-intensive stage for analysis. This study showed that a far-sighted strategy to establish a sound infrastructure of industrial development environment is necessary and sufficient for an emerging new industry especially for high technology. This paper found that the silicon technology cycle in Taiwan is seven years. The closed and dynamic networking relationship among government, university, industry and foreign leaders is instrumental in developing the IC industry in Taiwan.
{"title":"An Evolutionary Perspective of IC Industry Development in Taiwan","authors":"Han-Tzong Lee, Wellington K. Kuan","doi":"10.30166/PPMR.200407.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30166/PPMR.200407.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Taiwan has successfully developed an IC industry through the efforts of the government and industry itself over the past thirty years. One of key factors that decades of rapid and continuous economic growth and prosperity was driven prominently by the development of an IC industry to let Taiwanese being proud of it. The purpose of this research is to explore the development track of IC industry to know how it worked. This paper reviews the development and transformation process of IC industry in Taiwan. This process will be examined from the longitudinal aspects through synthesizing the literature reviews and observations. It is categorized by three stages: labor-intensive stage, technology-intensive stage and capital-intensive stage for analysis. This study showed that a far-sighted strategy to establish a sound infrastructure of industrial development environment is necessary and sufficient for an emerging new industry especially for high technology. This paper found that the silicon technology cycle in Taiwan is seven years. The closed and dynamic networking relationship among government, university, industry and foreign leaders is instrumental in developing the IC industry in Taiwan.","PeriodicalId":431367,"journal":{"name":"Pan-Pacific Management Review","volume":"174 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116553699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-07-01DOI: 10.30166/PPMR.200307.0001
Hsiaoping Yeh
Most decision problems are inherently fuzzy due to of unable precisely defined or the lack of enough information. Thus these decision problems can properly be formulated by fuzzy sets. Such problems differ from the traditional mathematical programming problem of maximizing a well-defined function over a set of alternatives represented by crisp values. However, when alternatives are represented in terms of fuzzy values, one important question remains: how can one choose one alternative from a given set of alternatives so as to achieve, in some sense, ”the best” overall fuzzy value. Current fuzzy decision making methods do not account for subjective values of the decision maker. In this paper the concept of the decision maker's attitude toward fuzziness is defined and a new fuzzy decision making method is derived. The feasibility and validity of the new method is ascertained through experiments. Benchmarking with the indices of preference reversals revealed by the traditional expected utility theory, the new approach leads to better prediction of individual's actual choices.
{"title":"A Prediction Model for Individual Decision Making Behavior under Fuzzy Decision Problems","authors":"Hsiaoping Yeh","doi":"10.30166/PPMR.200307.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30166/PPMR.200307.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Most decision problems are inherently fuzzy due to of unable precisely defined or the lack of enough information. Thus these decision problems can properly be formulated by fuzzy sets. Such problems differ from the traditional mathematical programming problem of maximizing a well-defined function over a set of alternatives represented by crisp values. However, when alternatives are represented in terms of fuzzy values, one important question remains: how can one choose one alternative from a given set of alternatives so as to achieve, in some sense, ”the best” overall fuzzy value. Current fuzzy decision making methods do not account for subjective values of the decision maker. In this paper the concept of the decision maker's attitude toward fuzziness is defined and a new fuzzy decision making method is derived. The feasibility and validity of the new method is ascertained through experiments. Benchmarking with the indices of preference reversals revealed by the traditional expected utility theory, the new approach leads to better prediction of individual's actual choices.","PeriodicalId":431367,"journal":{"name":"Pan-Pacific Management Review","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116182601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-07-01DOI: 10.30166/PPMR.200307.0002
Hung‐Yi Chen, Yang-Ming Chang
This paper examines the roles that information sharing, R&D collaboration, and government R&D subsidy play in affecting the competitiveness of domestic firms in international markets. Using a simple three-firm two-country model and a simulation approach, we first analyze the strategies of information sharing versus R&D collaboration and find that the latter is more profitable than the former regardless of the rate of spillovers internalized. It is also shown that both strategies are able to generate a profit-shifting effect as that discussed in the literature on strategic trade policy. We then use an equivalent approach to analyze the effect of government R&D subsidy policy when the domestic firms do not engage in cooperative research. Our simulation results suggest that both information sharing and R&D collaboration among firms are superior to R&D subsidy. Further, R&D collaboration in the form of research joint venture is the best strategy in enhancing the domestic firms' international market competitiveness.
{"title":"Information Sharing, R&D Collaboration, and R&D Subsidy in International Markets","authors":"Hung‐Yi Chen, Yang-Ming Chang","doi":"10.30166/PPMR.200307.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30166/PPMR.200307.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the roles that information sharing, R&D collaboration, and government R&D subsidy play in affecting the competitiveness of domestic firms in international markets. Using a simple three-firm two-country model and a simulation approach, we first analyze the strategies of information sharing versus R&D collaboration and find that the latter is more profitable than the former regardless of the rate of spillovers internalized. It is also shown that both strategies are able to generate a profit-shifting effect as that discussed in the literature on strategic trade policy. We then use an equivalent approach to analyze the effect of government R&D subsidy policy when the domestic firms do not engage in cooperative research. Our simulation results suggest that both information sharing and R&D collaboration among firms are superior to R&D subsidy. Further, R&D collaboration in the form of research joint venture is the best strategy in enhancing the domestic firms' international market competitiveness.","PeriodicalId":431367,"journal":{"name":"Pan-Pacific Management Review","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114699908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-07-01DOI: 10.30166/PPMR.200307.0004
Nailin Bu, T. K. Peng, T. Craig
This study examines whether PRC, Taiwanese and U.S. employees' responses to abstract questions were significant predictors of their responses to conceptually equivalent vignettes, and whether the patterns of Sino-U.S. differences revealed through abstract questions deviate from those revealed through vignettes. Data were collected from 344 employees in the three countries who reported their own behavioral tendencies by responding to abstract questions as well as vignettes. Responses to the abstract questions by employees of the three countries did not consistently predict their responses to the vignettes. The patterns of Sino-U.S. differences revealed through the abstract questions deviated substantially from those revealed through the vignettes.
{"title":"Abstract Questions vs. Vignettes: Exploring Response Biases in Cross-Cultural Management Studies Involving PRC， Taiwanese and U.S. Respondents","authors":"Nailin Bu, T. K. Peng, T. Craig","doi":"10.30166/PPMR.200307.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30166/PPMR.200307.0004","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines whether PRC, Taiwanese and U.S. employees' responses to abstract questions were significant predictors of their responses to conceptually equivalent vignettes, and whether the patterns of Sino-U.S. differences revealed through abstract questions deviate from those revealed through vignettes. Data were collected from 344 employees in the three countries who reported their own behavioral tendencies by responding to abstract questions as well as vignettes. Responses to the abstract questions by employees of the three countries did not consistently predict their responses to the vignettes. The patterns of Sino-U.S. differences revealed through the abstract questions deviated substantially from those revealed through the vignettes.","PeriodicalId":431367,"journal":{"name":"Pan-Pacific Management Review","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127179604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-07-01DOI: 10.30166/PPMR.200207.0002
Li-Fan Liu
The factors influence demand and supply of long term care were explored by numerous previous research. Demand and supply, however, are both economic terms. There is a need to incorporate the economic activity such as demand and supply within the general framework of health and social care. This is because it is a challenge to use them in the health and social care in which their characteristics are far from those in a free market. Firstly, the demand and supply used on issues of health and social care and their limits to achieve the social objectives are explored. Then, the case of long term care in Taiwan is discussed by describing the characteristics of long term care market in Taiwan and the forms that government policy may take in its efforts to realize social objectives more fully. As noted, the factors that influence demand and supply of long term care are dynamically intricate. Any interpretation should be used with caution in considering of how and why the demand and supply having been used on issues of long term care and their limits.
{"title":"Limits of Using Demand and Supply Theory in a Care Market-An Exploratory Discussion of the Long Term Care Market in Taiwan","authors":"Li-Fan Liu","doi":"10.30166/PPMR.200207.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30166/PPMR.200207.0002","url":null,"abstract":"The factors influence demand and supply of long term care were explored by numerous previous research. Demand and supply, however, are both economic terms. There is a need to incorporate the economic activity such as demand and supply within the general framework of health and social care. This is because it is a challenge to use them in the health and social care in which their characteristics are far from those in a free market. Firstly, the demand and supply used on issues of health and social care and their limits to achieve the social objectives are explored. Then, the case of long term care in Taiwan is discussed by describing the characteristics of long term care market in Taiwan and the forms that government policy may take in its efforts to realize social objectives more fully. As noted, the factors that influence demand and supply of long term care are dynamically intricate. Any interpretation should be used with caution in considering of how and why the demand and supply having been used on issues of long term care and their limits.","PeriodicalId":431367,"journal":{"name":"Pan-Pacific Management Review","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115321316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-07-01DOI: 10.30166/PPMR.200207.0004
Anlin Chen, Roger C. Y. Chen, Wen-Chih Lee
Auditing report conveys useful information about the financial condition of a firm to the public and is costly to the firm. In Taiwan, the passing rate of the certified public accountant (CPA) exam is quite low before 1988. However, the Examination Yuan in Taiwan raises the passing rate of CPA exam since 1988. Due to the increase of the passing rate, the auditing market is full of CPAs and the market becomes more competitive. This paper examines the effect of the passing rate of CPA exam on the industrial structure of accounting firms and the earnings of CPA firms. Basically, we find that the earnings of CPA firms is positively related to the market share, on-job training costs, labor costs and lawsuit risk. Moreover, the earnings of CPA firms decline after the increase of the passing rate due to a more competitive market. We also find that the on-job training becomes more significant after the increase of the passing rate but the market share becomes less significant. Obviously, the increase of the CPA passing rate induces the accounting firms to spend more education expenditure in raising the quality of their practicing CPA and thus the audit quality. However, the market share of accounting firms is less significant because the market is more competitive after the increase of the passing rate of the CPA exam. Our results are consistent with the theoretical arguments on the agency costs and the monopoly power of the market.
{"title":"The Effect of Passing Rate of CPA Examination on the Industrial Structure of Accounting Firms in Taiwan","authors":"Anlin Chen, Roger C. Y. Chen, Wen-Chih Lee","doi":"10.30166/PPMR.200207.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30166/PPMR.200207.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Auditing report conveys useful information about the financial condition of a firm to the public and is costly to the firm. In Taiwan, the passing rate of the certified public accountant (CPA) exam is quite low before 1988. However, the Examination Yuan in Taiwan raises the passing rate of CPA exam since 1988. Due to the increase of the passing rate, the auditing market is full of CPAs and the market becomes more competitive. This paper examines the effect of the passing rate of CPA exam on the industrial structure of accounting firms and the earnings of CPA firms. Basically, we find that the earnings of CPA firms is positively related to the market share, on-job training costs, labor costs and lawsuit risk. Moreover, the earnings of CPA firms decline after the increase of the passing rate due to a more competitive market. We also find that the on-job training becomes more significant after the increase of the passing rate but the market share becomes less significant. Obviously, the increase of the CPA passing rate induces the accounting firms to spend more education expenditure in raising the quality of their practicing CPA and thus the audit quality. However, the market share of accounting firms is less significant because the market is more competitive after the increase of the passing rate of the CPA exam. Our results are consistent with the theoretical arguments on the agency costs and the monopoly power of the market.","PeriodicalId":431367,"journal":{"name":"Pan-Pacific Management Review","volume":"174 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114439077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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