Pub Date : 2006-09-25DOI: 10.1109/WFCS.2006.1704132
G. Marsal, B. Denis, J. Faure, Georg Frey
This paper presents a method to assess response time of automation system architectures including industrial switched Ethernet networks using client/server protocols. The method relies upon modeling the behavior of the components of these architectures in the form of hierarchical timed colored Petri nets and upon simulation of these models. A case study exemplifies the method and shows how it can facilitate design of automation systems including this kind of industrial Ethernet networks.
{"title":"Evaluation of Response Time in Ethernet-based Automation Systems","authors":"G. Marsal, B. Denis, J. Faure, Georg Frey","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2006.1704132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2006.1704132","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a method to assess response time of automation system architectures including industrial switched Ethernet networks using client/server protocols. The method relies upon modeling the behavior of the components of these architectures in the form of hierarchical timed colored Petri nets and upon simulation of these models. A case study exemplifies the method and shows how it can facilitate design of automation systems including this kind of industrial Ethernet networks.","PeriodicalId":431393,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125339891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-20DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2006.355197
P. Sousa, L. Ferreira, M. Alves
In the last years, several solutions have been proposed to extend PROFIBUS in order to support wired and wireless network stations in the same network. In this paper we compare two of those solutions, one in which the interconnection between wired and wireless stations is made by repeaters and another in which the interconnection is made by bridges. The comparison is both qualitative and numerical, based on simulation models of both architectures.
{"title":"Repeater vs. Bridge-Based Hybrid Wired/Wireless PROFIBUS Networks: a Comparative Performance Analysis","authors":"P. Sousa, L. Ferreira, M. Alves","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2006.355197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2006.355197","url":null,"abstract":"In the last years, several solutions have been proposed to extend PROFIBUS in order to support wired and wireless network stations in the same network. In this paper we compare two of those solutions, one in which the interconnection between wired and wireless stations is made by repeaters and another in which the interconnection is made by bridges. The comparison is both qualitative and numerical, based on simulation models of both architectures.","PeriodicalId":431393,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121515840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2006.355206
Maksim Lobashov, T. Sauter
Information transfer is an essential factor in automation systems. For reasons of practicability, the development of industrial communication networks focused on horizontal aspects, i.e., the provision of suitable automation networks on the various levels. Conversely, vertical integration has become a topic of interest only in the recent past and mostly concerns the interconnection of fieldbus systems and IP-based networks. This paper reviews gateway concepts and compares the applicability of the SNMP, LDAP, and OPC (OLE for process control) as higher-level access protocols based on a set of criteria that are relevant for fieldbus/IP gateways. It appears that after years of development, OPC has finally reached a promising state.
{"title":"Vertical Communication from the Enterprise Level to the Factory Floor - Integrating Fieldbus and IP-based Networks","authors":"Maksim Lobashov, T. Sauter","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2006.355206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2006.355206","url":null,"abstract":"Information transfer is an essential factor in automation systems. For reasons of practicability, the development of industrial communication networks focused on horizontal aspects, i.e., the provision of suitable automation networks on the various levels. Conversely, vertical integration has become a topic of interest only in the recent past and mostly concerns the interconnection of fieldbus systems and IP-based networks. This paper reviews gateway concepts and compares the applicability of the SNMP, LDAP, and OPC (OLE for process control) as higher-level access protocols based on a set of criteria that are relevant for fieldbus/IP gateways. It appears that after years of development, OPC has finally reached a promising state.","PeriodicalId":431393,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115612305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2006.355414
Hyeyeon Chang, Jong-suk Choi, Munsang Kim
In this paper, we proposed a probabilistic localization of service robot using laser scanner and indoor GPS system. This scheme is a sample based algorithm as an application of Monte Carlo localization. Samples are scattered by referring to odometry data and position data of indoor GPS system. And those are evaluated by map-matching method using laser sensor and distance error matching using indoor GPS system. We are able to get more robust localization results by using these processes, even though the floor condition is deteriorated and there are many or huge obstacles And it is possible that remove errors which are caused when the robot is blocked by unexpected obstacles for a long time. Experimental results demonstrate the evaluation of the robustness of our algorithm fusing range image sensor and indoor GPS system data.
{"title":"Experimental research of probabilistic localization of service robots using range image data and indoor GPS system","authors":"Hyeyeon Chang, Jong-suk Choi, Munsang Kim","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2006.355414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2006.355414","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we proposed a probabilistic localization of service robot using laser scanner and indoor GPS system. This scheme is a sample based algorithm as an application of Monte Carlo localization. Samples are scattered by referring to odometry data and position data of indoor GPS system. And those are evaluated by map-matching method using laser sensor and distance error matching using indoor GPS system. We are able to get more robust localization results by using these processes, even though the floor condition is deteriorated and there are many or huge obstacles And it is possible that remove errors which are caused when the robot is blocked by unexpected obstacles for a long time. Experimental results demonstrate the evaluation of the robustness of our algorithm fusing range image sensor and indoor GPS system data.","PeriodicalId":431393,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116046815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2006.355184
U. Bilstrup, Katrin Bilstrup, B. Svensson, P. Wiberg
In this paper some well established wireless technologies are merged into a new concept solution for a future industrial wireless mesh network. The suggested clustered wireless mesh network can handle probabilistic quality of service guarantees and is based on a dual-radio node architecture using synchronized frequency hopping spread spectrum Bluetooth radios. The proposed architecture gives a heuristic solution to the inter-cluster scheduling problem of gateway nodes in clustered architectures and breaks up the dependence between the local medium access schedules of adjacent clusters. The dual-radio feature also enables higher network connectivity, implying, for example, that a higher link redundancy can be achieved.
{"title":"Using Dual-Radio Nodes to Enable Quality of Service in a Clustered Wireless Mesh Network","authors":"U. Bilstrup, Katrin Bilstrup, B. Svensson, P. Wiberg","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2006.355184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2006.355184","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper some well established wireless technologies are merged into a new concept solution for a future industrial wireless mesh network. The suggested clustered wireless mesh network can handle probabilistic quality of service guarantees and is based on a dual-radio node architecture using synchronized frequency hopping spread spectrum Bluetooth radios. The proposed architecture gives a heuristic solution to the inter-cluster scheduling problem of gateway nodes in clustered architectures and breaks up the dependence between the local medium access schedules of adjacent clusters. The dual-radio feature also enables higher network connectivity, implying, for example, that a higher link redundancy can be achieved.","PeriodicalId":431393,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116461288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2006.355449
V. Dubinin, V. Vyatkin, H. Hanisch
This paper presents a new approach to modelling and verification of function block applications of the IEC 61499 standard. The approach uses the language of logic programming Prolog to represent a model of function block network and to verify its properties. The class of properties that can be checked is extended to more substantial queries providing in return not only "yes" or "no", but also the parameters explaining the reasons. The models essentially use the topological properties of the function block network and allow data of arbitrary types (not only Boolean) be used in the queries.
{"title":"Modelling and Verification of IEC 61499 Applications using Prolog","authors":"V. Dubinin, V. Vyatkin, H. Hanisch","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2006.355449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2006.355449","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new approach to modelling and verification of function block applications of the IEC 61499 standard. The approach uses the language of logic programming Prolog to represent a model of function block network and to verify its properties. The class of properties that can be checked is extended to more substantial queries providing in return not only \"yes\" or \"no\", but also the parameters explaining the reasons. The models essentially use the topological properties of the function block network and allow data of arbitrary types (not only Boolean) be used in the queries.","PeriodicalId":431393,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122670179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2006.355400
O. Spinka, J. Krakora, M. Sojka, Z. Hanzálek
A low-cost, integrated avionics system for ultra-light airplanes is being presented in this paper. It represents affordable, yet modern and reliable alternative to the obsolete avionics currently widely used in the ultralight aviation. Whole avionics is designed as distributed, hierarchical data acquisition system, utilizing Linux operating system and controller area network industrial bus. Important data are provided to the pilot via multifunctional screen, while safety-critical warnings are also reported acoustically via speech system connected to the pilot's headphones. A lot of precautionary measures had been taken to make the system as fault-tolerant and safe as possible. Rugged, robust and reliable apparatus should be the result.
{"title":"Los-Cost Avionics System for Ultra-Light Aircrafts","authors":"O. Spinka, J. Krakora, M. Sojka, Z. Hanzálek","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2006.355400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2006.355400","url":null,"abstract":"A low-cost, integrated avionics system for ultra-light airplanes is being presented in this paper. It represents affordable, yet modern and reliable alternative to the obsolete avionics currently widely used in the ultralight aviation. Whole avionics is designed as distributed, hierarchical data acquisition system, utilizing Linux operating system and controller area network industrial bus. Important data are provided to the pilot via multifunctional screen, while safety-critical warnings are also reported acoustically via speech system connected to the pilot's headphones. A lot of precautionary measures had been taken to make the system as fault-tolerant and safe as possible. Rugged, robust and reliable apparatus should be the result.","PeriodicalId":431393,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129746513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2006.355235
M. C. Pérez, Álvaro Hernández, J. Ureña, C. Marziani, A. Jiménez
Kasami sequences have been successfully used in communications, navigation and related systems due to their low cross-correlation values, compared to those from other binary sequences. In this work, different alternatives for the hardware implementation of a correlator of Kasami sequences are presented: for short sequences a combinational design is proposed, whereas three sequential designs are suggested for longer Kasami sequences. These three sequential designs differ about the management of the memory: one stores the necessary data in slices of the FPGA; another uses external memory; and finally, the last one uses the internal RAM blocks in the FPGA.
{"title":"FPGA-based Implementation of a Correlator for Kasami Sequences","authors":"M. C. Pérez, Álvaro Hernández, J. Ureña, C. Marziani, A. Jiménez","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2006.355235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2006.355235","url":null,"abstract":"Kasami sequences have been successfully used in communications, navigation and related systems due to their low cross-correlation values, compared to those from other binary sequences. In this work, different alternatives for the hardware implementation of a correlator of Kasami sequences are presented: for short sequences a combinational design is proposed, whereas three sequential designs are suggested for longer Kasami sequences. These three sequential designs differ about the management of the memory: one stores the necessary data in slices of the FPGA; another uses external memory; and finally, the last one uses the internal RAM blocks in the FPGA.","PeriodicalId":431393,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128782940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2006.355344
P. Pires, Ivano Miranda dos Anjos
It is possible to supply the necessary network infrastructure of industrial plants with Ethernet technology which is strong, scalable, intelligent and safe, at costs that are compatible with the application. Due to the level of criticalness that involves this kind of environment, it is natural that a traditional approach prevails to define network type and architecture, rather than use the latest advances on Ethernet solutions. This paper presents the results of performance improvement on a local area network (LAN) infrastructure for process automation in petroleum industry. An Ethernet infrastructure was implemented for the support of process control replacing a previous architecture. The new network is fault-tolerant and supports availability requirements
{"title":"Improvements on Ethernet LAN Network Infrastructure for Industrial Automation: a Case Study","authors":"P. Pires, Ivano Miranda dos Anjos","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2006.355344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2006.355344","url":null,"abstract":"It is possible to supply the necessary network infrastructure of industrial plants with Ethernet technology which is strong, scalable, intelligent and safe, at costs that are compatible with the application. Due to the level of criticalness that involves this kind of environment, it is natural that a traditional approach prevails to define network type and architecture, rather than use the latest advances on Ethernet solutions. This paper presents the results of performance improvement on a local area network (LAN) infrastructure for process automation in petroleum industry. An Ethernet infrastructure was implemented for the support of process control replacing a previous architecture. The new network is fault-tolerant and supports availability requirements","PeriodicalId":431393,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124565260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2006.355253
Anikó Costa, L. Gomes
Considering the area of hardware-software co-design of embedded systems, techniques for system model partitioning into components are a major concern. If one uses Petri nets as the system-level specification language, it is mandatory to have specific mechanisms to produce sub-models from the whole system model; each sub-model will be associated with one component. This paper uses a running example to present a Petri net operation, called split, able to decompose a Petri net model into disjoint sub-models, based on the definition of a valid cutting set. Each sub-model is associated with a component with autonomous execution. After, modeling of communication channels among components are considered allowing the construction of the whole implemented system model and supporting verification of properties of the whole system.
{"title":"Partitioning of Petri net models amenable for Distributed Execution","authors":"Anikó Costa, L. Gomes","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2006.355253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2006.355253","url":null,"abstract":"Considering the area of hardware-software co-design of embedded systems, techniques for system model partitioning into components are a major concern. If one uses Petri nets as the system-level specification language, it is mandatory to have specific mechanisms to produce sub-models from the whole system model; each sub-model will be associated with one component. This paper uses a running example to present a Petri net operation, called split, able to decompose a Petri net model into disjoint sub-models, based on the definition of a valid cutting set. Each sub-model is associated with a component with autonomous execution. After, modeling of communication channels among components are considered allowing the construction of the whole implemented system model and supporting verification of properties of the whole system.","PeriodicalId":431393,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126966601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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