Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2006.355415
O. Hummer, C. Sünder, Alois Zoitl, T. Strasser, M. Rooker, G. Ebenhofer
In today's globalized markets the manufacturing industry in traditional high-wage countries highly depends on flexible and automated manufacturing systems to remain competitive. State-of-the-art industrial control and automation systems do not sufficiently solve the problem of downtimeless reconfiguration of control applications. This paper presents an approach for structured modeling of controlled reconfigurations of control applications based on IEC 61499. The reconfiguration process itself with this paper defined as evolution allows close interaction with applications or physical processes while modeling knowledge from control engineering is reused for evolution engineering. An example points out the evolution engineering process as well as the benefits of this new approach.
{"title":"Towards Zero-downtime Evolution of Distributed Control Applications via Evolution Control based on IEC 61499","authors":"O. Hummer, C. Sünder, Alois Zoitl, T. Strasser, M. Rooker, G. Ebenhofer","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2006.355415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2006.355415","url":null,"abstract":"In today's globalized markets the manufacturing industry in traditional high-wage countries highly depends on flexible and automated manufacturing systems to remain competitive. State-of-the-art industrial control and automation systems do not sufficiently solve the problem of downtimeless reconfiguration of control applications. This paper presents an approach for structured modeling of controlled reconfigurations of control applications based on IEC 61499. The reconfiguration process itself with this paper defined as evolution allows close interaction with applications or physical processes while modeling knowledge from control engineering is reused for evolution engineering. An example points out the evolution engineering process as well as the benefits of this new approach.","PeriodicalId":431393,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128568967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2006.355379
Mingqing Hu, A. Boni
One prominent disadvantage of SVM when implemented in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is the run-time complexity of classifier, which linearly increases with the number of support vectors (SVs). This disadvantage prevents applying SVM in some applications. In this paper, we propose an improved reduced set method to find solutions characterized by few number of vectors and having good generalization properties. The idea behind our improved method is to combine finding patterns with maximum absolute margin and performing gradient-descent to find new patterns in new decision function. Our method can partially overcome the non-convexity difficulty. The application context is that of WSNs, where a general sensor node is equipped with fixed point CPU. The performance of fixed point implementation of our algorithm is also provided.
{"title":"An Improved Reduced Set Method to Control the Run-time Complexity of SVM in Wireless Sensor Networks","authors":"Mingqing Hu, A. Boni","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2006.355379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2006.355379","url":null,"abstract":"One prominent disadvantage of SVM when implemented in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is the run-time complexity of classifier, which linearly increases with the number of support vectors (SVs). This disadvantage prevents applying SVM in some applications. In this paper, we propose an improved reduced set method to find solutions characterized by few number of vectors and having good generalization properties. The idea behind our improved method is to combine finding patterns with maximum absolute margin and performing gradient-descent to find new patterns in new decision function. Our method can partially overcome the non-convexity difficulty. The application context is that of WSNs, where a general sensor node is equipped with fixed point CPU. The performance of fixed point implementation of our algorithm is also provided.","PeriodicalId":431393,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128604250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2006.355428
J. Greifeneder, Georg Frey
New technological trends lead to the increasing use of network technologies in automation. Especially the Ethernet with TCP/IP and wireless networks find growing acceptance. The resulting networked automation systems (NAS) display properties such as stochastic delays and information loss, which are not known in classical automation structures. When control quality is to be assessed, these properties have to be determined. In this paper, the determination is achieved in a modeling approach based on probabilistic timed automata (PTA). The derived models allow the analysis of delays using probabilistic model checking (PMC). A case study illustrates how the results of the analysis can be applied to increase the product quality in a manufacturing system controlled by an NAS.
{"title":"Optimizing Quality of Control in Networked Automation Systems using Probabilistic Models","authors":"J. Greifeneder, Georg Frey","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2006.355428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2006.355428","url":null,"abstract":"New technological trends lead to the increasing use of network technologies in automation. Especially the Ethernet with TCP/IP and wireless networks find growing acceptance. The resulting networked automation systems (NAS) display properties such as stochastic delays and information loss, which are not known in classical automation structures. When control quality is to be assessed, these properties have to be determined. In this paper, the determination is achieved in a modeling approach based on probabilistic timed automata (PTA). The derived models allow the analysis of delays using probabilistic model checking (PMC). A case study illustrates how the results of the analysis can be applied to increase the product quality in a manufacturing system controlled by an NAS.","PeriodicalId":431393,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125344243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2006.355208
L. L. Bello, G. A. Kaczynski, F. Sgrò, O. Mirabella
This paper addresses the problem of supporting soft real-time traffic over IEEE 802.11 wireless local area networks in the presence of competing non-real-time traffic. The proposed solution is a wireless traffic smoother (WTS) which uses as inputs the throughput and the number of frame retransmissions at the MAC level. Combining these two inputs, the WTS is able to adapt the smoothing action to the current wireless network condition. The paper discusses the WTS, also highlighting the way it advances the current state of the art. Then, the WTS performance obtained from experiments performed on a real testbed, also in comparison to another approach recently proposed in the literature, is discussed.
{"title":"A wireless traffic smoother for soft real-time communications over IEEE 802.11 industrial networks","authors":"L. L. Bello, G. A. Kaczynski, F. Sgrò, O. Mirabella","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2006.355208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2006.355208","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the problem of supporting soft real-time traffic over IEEE 802.11 wireless local area networks in the presence of competing non-real-time traffic. The proposed solution is a wireless traffic smoother (WTS) which uses as inputs the throughput and the number of frame retransmissions at the MAC level. Combining these two inputs, the WTS is able to adapt the smoothing action to the current wireless network condition. The paper discusses the WTS, also highlighting the way it advances the current state of the art. Then, the WTS performance obtained from experiments performed on a real testbed, also in comparison to another approach recently proposed in the literature, is discussed.","PeriodicalId":431393,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123675203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2006.355256
R. Moraes, P. Portugal, F. Vasques
The paper proposes a simulation model which enables the evaluation of IEEE 802.11e EDCA networks, focusing in the behavior of the enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) function associated to quality of service (QoS) stations. When compared with currently used simulation models, the proposed model provides a more accurate implementation of some aspects (timeouts, EIFS), a flexible implementation, and an easiness of use. Besides, a large number of different types of performance measures can be obtained. The model is based on a high level stochastic Petri net formalism referred as stochastic activity networks (SAN), able to produce very compact and efficient models, and which is supported by the Mobius tool.
{"title":"A Stochastic Petri Net Model for the Simulation Analysis of the IEEE 802.11e EDCA Communication Protocol","authors":"R. Moraes, P. Portugal, F. Vasques","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2006.355256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2006.355256","url":null,"abstract":"The paper proposes a simulation model which enables the evaluation of IEEE 802.11e EDCA networks, focusing in the behavior of the enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) function associated to quality of service (QoS) stations. When compared with currently used simulation models, the proposed model provides a more accurate implementation of some aspects (timeouts, EIFS), a flexible implementation, and an easiness of use. Besides, a large number of different types of performance measures can be obtained. The model is based on a high level stochastic Petri net formalism referred as stochastic activity networks (SAN), able to produce very compact and efficient models, and which is supported by the Mobius tool.","PeriodicalId":431393,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116671039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2006.355365
Yang Xiang, K. Zhang
Multiply sectioned Bayesian networks provide a probabilistic framework for reasoning about uncertain domains in cooperative multiagent systems. Several advances have been made in recent years on modeling, compilation and inference under the framework. This paper links these advances together through a case study and presents them from the perspective of practitioners in intelligent sensor networks. We demonstrate how the framework can be applied to multisensor fusion and how intelligent sensor agents developed by independent vendors can be integrated into a coherent sensor fusion system.
{"title":"Advance in Multiply Sectioned Bayesian Networks: Sensor Network Practitioners' Perspective","authors":"Yang Xiang, K. Zhang","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2006.355365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2006.355365","url":null,"abstract":"Multiply sectioned Bayesian networks provide a probabilistic framework for reasoning about uncertain domains in cooperative multiagent systems. Several advances have been made in recent years on modeling, compilation and inference under the framework. This paper links these advances together through a case study and presents them from the perspective of practitioners in intelligent sensor networks. We demonstrate how the framework can be applied to multisensor fusion and how intelligent sensor agents developed by independent vendors can be integrated into a coherent sensor fusion system.","PeriodicalId":431393,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116934822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2006.355380
Yuxin Su, C. Zheng, P. Müller
High-quality low speed motion control calls for precise position and velocity signals. However, velocity estimation based on simple numerical differentiation from the only position measurement may be very erroneous, especially in the low-speed regions. A simple linear velocity estimator is proposed based for high-quality instantaneous velocity estimation, on position measurements only. The proposed estimator is constructed based on the fact that velocity belongs to the chain of kinematic quantities: position and velocity, and numerical integration can provide more stable and accurate results than numerical differentiation in the presence of noise. The main attraction of the new algorithm is that it is very effective as well as in low-speed ranges, high robustness against noise, and easy to implement with simple computation. Both extensive simulations and experimental tests have been performed to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach.
{"title":"A Simple Linear Velocity Estimator for High-Precision Motion Control","authors":"Yuxin Su, C. Zheng, P. Müller","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2006.355380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2006.355380","url":null,"abstract":"High-quality low speed motion control calls for precise position and velocity signals. However, velocity estimation based on simple numerical differentiation from the only position measurement may be very erroneous, especially in the low-speed regions. A simple linear velocity estimator is proposed based for high-quality instantaneous velocity estimation, on position measurements only. The proposed estimator is constructed based on the fact that velocity belongs to the chain of kinematic quantities: position and velocity, and numerical integration can provide more stable and accurate results than numerical differentiation in the presence of noise. The main attraction of the new algorithm is that it is very effective as well as in low-speed ranges, high robustness against noise, and easy to implement with simple computation. Both extensive simulations and experimental tests have been performed to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach.","PeriodicalId":431393,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124992888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2006.355391
C. Andrés, P. Gomez, J. P. García-Sabater
In this paper, several dispatching rules are studied in hybrid flow shop environment using simulation in order to minimize the mean flow time as well as standard deviation. Hybrid flow shops are productive systems with several stages. Every stage is composed of a pool of machines. This kind of productive configuration has been largely studied in recent years because it appears in many real production systems. Several heuristic rules have been adapted to the hybrid flow shop with sequence dependent setup times. The influence of shop status and job characteristics over the performance of the heuristic rules is evaluated. The analysis of the results highlights some interesting aspects about the effect of setup times and productive system characteristics on the dispatching rules performance.
{"title":"Comparing dispatching rules in dynamic hybrid flow shops","authors":"C. Andrés, P. Gomez, J. P. García-Sabater","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2006.355391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2006.355391","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, several dispatching rules are studied in hybrid flow shop environment using simulation in order to minimize the mean flow time as well as standard deviation. Hybrid flow shops are productive systems with several stages. Every stage is composed of a pool of machines. This kind of productive configuration has been largely studied in recent years because it appears in many real production systems. Several heuristic rules have been adapted to the hybrid flow shop with sequence dependent setup times. The influence of shop status and job characteristics over the performance of the heuristic rules is evaluated. The analysis of the results highlights some interesting aspects about the effect of setup times and productive system characteristics on the dispatching rules performance.","PeriodicalId":431393,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129641302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2006.355356
M. Strömman, S. Sierla, J. Peltola, K. Koskinen
The IEC 61499 standard enables a number solutions to the same application development problem, and this can result in components that are incompatible even though they are standards based. IEC 61499 underpins a vision for an open object-oriented knowledge economy, so the application of component-based software development principles needs further research. Such principles are not broadly used in the industry, so our goal is to understand how industrial practice needs to be changed. What are the practices that need to be replaced before the object-oriented, component-based paradigm can be accepted? We organized an intensive course on IEC 61499, where professionals and researchers automated a process in teams. Our results show that the background of a designer has a strong impact on the choice of the problem solving approach, and that this can prevent the use of many new and progressive features in IEC 61499
{"title":"Professional designers' adaptations of IEC 61499 to their individual work practices","authors":"M. Strömman, S. Sierla, J. Peltola, K. Koskinen","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2006.355356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2006.355356","url":null,"abstract":"The IEC 61499 standard enables a number solutions to the same application development problem, and this can result in components that are incompatible even though they are standards based. IEC 61499 underpins a vision for an open object-oriented knowledge economy, so the application of component-based software development principles needs further research. Such principles are not broadly used in the industry, so our goal is to understand how industrial practice needs to be changed. What are the practices that need to be replaced before the object-oriented, component-based paradigm can be accepted? We organized an intensive course on IEC 61499, where professionals and researchers automated a process in teams. Our results show that the background of a designer has a strong impact on the choice of the problem solving approach, and that this can prevent the use of many new and progressive features in IEC 61499","PeriodicalId":431393,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129711570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2006.355188
Jürgen Anke, K. Kabitzsch
Middleware for smart items can facilitate the coordinated execution of distributed components for early data processing. These components can be deployed to different nodes in the middleware or even on the smart item itself. While such flexibility is desirable to fulfil various information requirements from backend applications, it poses the problem of finding good distributions for given components and component compositions. In this paper, we present an approach for deployment planning of components based on their expected resource consumption under a certain load. Using an example scenario we analyse the influencing factors on placement decisions. These are integrated into an evaluation schema. The concept is proven by an implementation, which is used to find suitable distributions for the example scenario with varying loads. We present the results and discuss the effect of different load settings.
{"title":"Cost-based Deployment Planning for Components in Smart Item Environments","authors":"Jürgen Anke, K. Kabitzsch","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2006.355188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2006.355188","url":null,"abstract":"Middleware for smart items can facilitate the coordinated execution of distributed components for early data processing. These components can be deployed to different nodes in the middleware or even on the smart item itself. While such flexibility is desirable to fulfil various information requirements from backend applications, it poses the problem of finding good distributions for given components and component compositions. In this paper, we present an approach for deployment planning of components based on their expected resource consumption under a certain load. Using an example scenario we analyse the influencing factors on placement decisions. These are integrated into an evaluation schema. The concept is proven by an implementation, which is used to find suitable distributions for the example scenario with varying loads. We present the results and discuss the effect of different load settings.","PeriodicalId":431393,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127640859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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