Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2006.355222
P. Ferrari, A. Flammini, D. Marioli, A. Taroni, F. Venturini
This paper deals with real-time Ethernet networks based on PROFINET IO Class 1. Generally, industrial automation has a cyclical behavior; jitter in the application cycle depends on many factors and has direct consequences on production quality. In this work, in order to simplify application jitter estimation of complex systems, measurement techniques are introduced and some initial experiments on real devices are presented. Particularly, methods to experimentally estimate the cycle time of bus, IO-Controller and IO-Devices are proposed. Last, some analytical relations have been obtained: preliminary results show an estimation error less than 5%.
本文研究了基于PROFINET IO Class 1的实时以太网。一般来说，工业自动化具有周期性行为;应用周期中的抖动取决于许多因素，对生产质量有直接影响。为了简化复杂系统的应用抖动估计，本文介绍了测量技术，并在实际设备上进行了初步实验。特别提出了实验估计总线、io -控制器和io -器件周期时间的方法。最后，得到了一些分析关系:初步结果表明，估计误差小于5%。
{"title":"Experimental analysis to estimate jitter in PROFINET IO Class 1 networks","authors":"P. Ferrari, A. Flammini, D. Marioli, A. Taroni, F. Venturini","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2006.355222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2006.355222","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with real-time Ethernet networks based on PROFINET IO Class 1. Generally, industrial automation has a cyclical behavior; jitter in the application cycle depends on many factors and has direct consequences on production quality. In this work, in order to simplify application jitter estimation of complex systems, measurement techniques are introduced and some initial experiments on real devices are presented. Particularly, methods to experimentally estimate the cycle time of bus, IO-Controller and IO-Devices are proposed. Last, some analytical relations have been obtained: preliminary results show an estimation error less than 5%.","PeriodicalId":431393,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133713704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2006.355458
Y. Bolea, A. Grau-Saldes, Juan Gamiz-Caro
There has been increasing research effort in applying control-theoretic approaches to performance management for computer systems such as Web servers, networked, database, and storage systems. Since today's Ethernet networks and applications are sometimes operated under dynamically changing load conditions that introduce a time-varying delay in the networked control systems (NCS), linear control designs may not suffice to provide stability and/or desired performance guarantee. Research on adapting Ethernet for distributed systems is an interesting topic in the motion control industry, due its commercially off-the-shelf hardware availability and compatibility at a comparative lower price. This paper presents a linear-parameter-varying gain-scheduling (LPV GS) approach for distributed motion control via Ethernet in order to achieve the stability of the closed-loop and the quality of service (QoS).
{"title":"LPV Gain-Scheduled PID for Distributed Motion Control via Ethernet","authors":"Y. Bolea, A. Grau-Saldes, Juan Gamiz-Caro","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2006.355458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2006.355458","url":null,"abstract":"There has been increasing research effort in applying control-theoretic approaches to performance management for computer systems such as Web servers, networked, database, and storage systems. Since today's Ethernet networks and applications are sometimes operated under dynamically changing load conditions that introduce a time-varying delay in the networked control systems (NCS), linear control designs may not suffice to provide stability and/or desired performance guarantee. Research on adapting Ethernet for distributed systems is an interesting topic in the motion control industry, due its commercially off-the-shelf hardware availability and compatibility at a comparative lower price. This paper presents a linear-parameter-varying gain-scheduling (LPV GS) approach for distributed motion control via Ethernet in order to achieve the stability of the closed-loop and the quality of service (QoS).","PeriodicalId":431393,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132095930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2006.355201
P. Ferrari, A. Flammini, D. Marioli, S. Rosa, A. Taroni, C. Cattaneo, C. Manduca
This paper introduces a new Ethernet based communication system, called GDNET, that allows isochronous I/O management tailored for high-performance plastic machinery. In the typical application (four slaves) GDNET allows 6000 I/O points to be scanned in 200 mus. GDNET is independent from hardware and software choices regarding the PC-based master (processor, network interface card, switches, RTOS...), avoiding the need of a jitter-free clock source, still keeping remote input output synchronization in the order of microseconds. Experimental results show that delay between an event (threshold crossing of an analog input) and the corresponding logic output is 800 mus with a standard deviation below 3 mus. Effectiveness of the proposed system is proved by more than 1400 installations.
{"title":"GDNET: a Specific Approach to Distributed Input/Output Synchronization for Plastic Machinery","authors":"P. Ferrari, A. Flammini, D. Marioli, S. Rosa, A. Taroni, C. Cattaneo, C. Manduca","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2006.355201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2006.355201","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a new Ethernet based communication system, called GDNET, that allows isochronous I/O management tailored for high-performance plastic machinery. In the typical application (four slaves) GDNET allows 6000 I/O points to be scanned in 200 mus. GDNET is independent from hardware and software choices regarding the PC-based master (processor, network interface card, switches, RTOS...), avoiding the need of a jitter-free clock source, still keeping remote input output synchronization in the order of microseconds. Experimental results show that delay between an event (threshold crossing of an analog input) and the corresponding logic output is 800 mus with a standard deviation below 3 mus. Effectiveness of the proposed system is proved by more than 1400 installations.","PeriodicalId":431393,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127777723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2006.355228
M. Baud, M. Felser
A Profinet IO network of class A uses standard Ethernet network components. If these network components can be attacked by e.g. a man-in-the-middle attack, this is also the case for Profinet 10. This paper outlines these possibilities and shows, how this may be used to build IO-device emulators for system-testing.
{"title":"Profinet IO-Device Emulator based on the Man-in-the-middle Attack","authors":"M. Baud, M. Felser","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2006.355228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2006.355228","url":null,"abstract":"A Profinet IO network of class A uses standard Ethernet network components. If these network components can be attacked by e.g. a man-in-the-middle attack, this is also the case for Profinet 10. This paper outlines these possibilities and shows, how this may be used to build IO-device emulators for system-testing.","PeriodicalId":431393,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115579564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2006.355186
G. Cengic, Oscar Ljungkrantz, K. Åkesson
A framework for component based distributed control software is proposed. The primary application for the framework is in distributed control systems. The framework proposes new software components, called automation components that can be hierarchically embedded to produce new components. Automation components are also combined to produce hierarchical component based applications. The framework is independent of the execution platform, however it is shown how an application that is developed using the framework can be executed using IEC 61499 platform. The validity of the framework is evaluated using an industrial example of a reconfigurable manufacturing cell.
{"title":"A Framework for Component Based Distributed Control Software Development Using IEC 61499","authors":"G. Cengic, Oscar Ljungkrantz, K. Åkesson","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2006.355186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2006.355186","url":null,"abstract":"A framework for component based distributed control software is proposed. The primary application for the framework is in distributed control systems. The framework proposes new software components, called automation components that can be hierarchically embedded to produce new components. Automation components are also combined to produce hierarchical component based applications. The framework is independent of the execution platform, however it is shown how an application that is developed using the framework can be executed using IEC 61499 platform. The validity of the framework is evaluated using an industrial example of a reconfigurable manufacturing cell.","PeriodicalId":431393,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124337126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2006.355410
Andrés García, A. Cenjor, Y. Chang, M. D. L. Fuente
Recent research on highly distributed control methods for complex systems has produced a series of new philosophies based on negotiation which bring together process engineering with computer science. Among these control philosophies the ones based on multi-agent systems (MAS) have become especially relevant. However these MAS models have the drawback of an excessive dependence on up-to-date information about the products and other elements that move within the system. However a new technology has come out that can help solve this problem: radio-frequency identification enhanced information management systems (RFID-IMS). RFID-IMS technology is being rapidly introduced in industry mainly for logistic purposes. But, once these systems are in place, manufacturing can benefit so deeply that MAS is likely to become a realistic solution to highly increase flexibility and capacity in manufacturing environments. Solution that can now be dubbed as: RFID-enhanced intelligent manufacturing systems (RFID-IMS II).
{"title":"An Agent-Oriented Design Methodology for RFID Improved Manufacturing Control","authors":"Andrés García, A. Cenjor, Y. Chang, M. D. L. Fuente","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2006.355410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2006.355410","url":null,"abstract":"Recent research on highly distributed control methods for complex systems has produced a series of new philosophies based on negotiation which bring together process engineering with computer science. Among these control philosophies the ones based on multi-agent systems (MAS) have become especially relevant. However these MAS models have the drawback of an excessive dependence on up-to-date information about the products and other elements that move within the system. However a new technology has come out that can help solve this problem: radio-frequency identification enhanced information management systems (RFID-IMS). RFID-IMS technology is being rapidly introduced in industry mainly for logistic purposes. But, once these systems are in place, manufacturing can benefit so deeply that MAS is likely to become a realistic solution to highly increase flexibility and capacity in manufacturing environments. Solution that can now be dubbed as: RFID-enhanced intelligent manufacturing systems (RFID-IMS II).","PeriodicalId":431393,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117089160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2006.355204
Bradley Triden, Siddharth Mantri, K. Schroeder, A. Thomas, J. Moyne, D. Tilbury
The choice of implementing a safety system on a dedicated network or on a shared network (with a control system) rests solely on the system cost involved. To determine which option leads to a lower overall system cost, a two-tiered normalized weighted cost calculator approach that evaluates the trade-offs is presented. Applying the calculator to the decision process shows that either solution could be determined to be optimal, depending on the weights applied to specific cost factors as a result of the application environment.
{"title":"Dedicated vs. Shared Networks for Safety and Controls: An analysis of the trade-offs involved","authors":"Bradley Triden, Siddharth Mantri, K. Schroeder, A. Thomas, J. Moyne, D. Tilbury","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2006.355204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2006.355204","url":null,"abstract":"The choice of implementing a safety system on a dedicated network or on a shared network (with a control system) rests solely on the system cost involved. To determine which option leads to a lower overall system cost, a two-tiered normalized weighted cost calculator approach that evaluates the trade-offs is presented. Applying the calculator to the decision process shows that either solution could be determined to be optimal, depending on the weights applied to specific cost factors as a result of the application environment.","PeriodicalId":431393,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128459323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2006.355348
E. Canuto, F. Musso
In a recent paper principles and control of Fabry-Perot interferometers (FPI) have been presented, showing a few applications in the field of space and precision engineering. Among them, metrology lines were mentioned, aiming to reveal sub-nanometric displacements in view of dimensional stabilization and monitoring of demanding space telescopes. The core is a confocal optical cavity, in vacuum, whose light path is sensible to dimensional variations. The latter are tracked and revealed by a frequency actuator which acting on the incident laser light keeps the FPI signal close to zero. Concepts and digital control of metrology lines will be outlined and experiments on a ground breadboard under space conditions (160 K) will be discussed. Due to on-ground contingencies, a displacement actuator was also active, which asked for actuator coordination
{"title":"Embedded Model Control: Application to Interferometric Metrology Lines","authors":"E. Canuto, F. Musso","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2006.355348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2006.355348","url":null,"abstract":"In a recent paper principles and control of Fabry-Perot interferometers (FPI) have been presented, showing a few applications in the field of space and precision engineering. Among them, metrology lines were mentioned, aiming to reveal sub-nanometric displacements in view of dimensional stabilization and monitoring of demanding space telescopes. The core is a confocal optical cavity, in vacuum, whose light path is sensible to dimensional variations. The latter are tracked and revealed by a frequency actuator which acting on the incident laser light keeps the FPI signal close to zero. Concepts and digital control of metrology lines will be outlined and experiments on a ground breadboard under space conditions (160 K) will be discussed. Due to on-ground contingencies, a displacement actuator was also active, which asked for actuator coordination","PeriodicalId":431393,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126082503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2006.355190
M. V. Linhares, Alexandre Jose da Silva, R. S. Oliveira
Industrial automation systems may include people, hardware, software and other elements necessary to produce the desirable results. The SysML modeling language is being proposed, by OMG and INCOSE, as a language that allows the system description correctly and consistently among various participants of the same project (software, mechanical, electrical and others engineers). The objective of this work is to evaluate the SysML proposal as a description language for industrial systems through the modeling of an industrial automation unit. A brief system description of the case study is included, the SysML diagrams will be presented during the system modeling and finally comments and considerations about the models and the modeling task are presented.
{"title":"Empirical Evaluation of SysML through the Modeling of an Industrial Automation Unit","authors":"M. V. Linhares, Alexandre Jose da Silva, R. S. Oliveira","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2006.355190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2006.355190","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial automation systems may include people, hardware, software and other elements necessary to produce the desirable results. The SysML modeling language is being proposed, by OMG and INCOSE, as a language that allows the system description correctly and consistently among various participants of the same project (software, mechanical, electrical and others engineers). The objective of this work is to evaluate the SysML proposal as a description language for industrial systems through the modeling of an industrial automation unit. A brief system description of the case study is included, the SysML diagrams will be presented during the system modeling and finally comments and considerations about the models and the modeling task are presented.","PeriodicalId":431393,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation","volume":"79 14","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132801209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2006.355248
L. L. Bello, O. Mirabella
The paper addresses the design of long distance wireless mesh networks (LDWMNs) and deals with implementing and managing wireless links in the wireless mesh backbone. The paper first examines the features of LDWMNs and some issues they impose. Then, the paper describes a solution based on the use of full duplex wireless links and discusses the way these links are implemented and managed to overcome the previously identified problems.
{"title":"Efficient Full Duplex Links for Long Distance Wireless Mesh Networks","authors":"L. L. Bello, O. Mirabella","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2006.355248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2006.355248","url":null,"abstract":"The paper addresses the design of long distance wireless mesh networks (LDWMNs) and deals with implementing and managing wireless links in the wireless mesh backbone. The paper first examines the features of LDWMNs and some issues they impose. Then, the paper describes a solution based on the use of full duplex wireless links and discusses the way these links are implemented and managed to overcome the previously identified problems.","PeriodicalId":431393,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation","volume":"197 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133444423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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