Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2006.355237
L. L. Bello, G. A. Kaczynski, Thomas Nolte
This paper addresses on-going work on providing a model of a robust real-time wireless link intended to be used to connect a mobile platform to a ground station in a land monitoring system. This work is part of a project where the mobile platform is an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), equipped with embedded devices which acquire and process sensor data to be sent to the ground station. Firstly, a temporal model of the communications link relying on radio modems is developed. Secondly, measurements have been made in order to determine packet loss probability. These two results are currently used to provide a robust real-time model of the wireless communications link.
{"title":"Towards a robust real-time wireless link in a land monitoring application","authors":"L. L. Bello, G. A. Kaczynski, Thomas Nolte","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2006.355237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2006.355237","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses on-going work on providing a model of a robust real-time wireless link intended to be used to connect a mobile platform to a ground station in a land monitoring system. This work is part of a project where the mobile platform is an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), equipped with embedded devices which acquire and process sensor data to be sent to the ground station. Firstly, a temporal model of the communications link relying on radio modems is developed. Secondly, measurements have been made in order to determine packet loss probability. These two results are currently used to provide a robust real-time model of the wireless communications link.","PeriodicalId":431393,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123217307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2006.355211
W. Muszynski, Z. Banaszak, I. Tomczuk-Pirog
The problem of rules setting in coordination of automated vehicles access to shared system resources (sections of their transportation paths) which assure a deadlock free and starvation free flow of the executed processes belongs to NP-hard problems. Assuming that there are local (controlling access to shared resources) rules of priority dispatching, the problem deals with setting conditions sufficient for a pair (initial state, set of priority dispatching rules). The assumed knowledge base way of specifying a transportation subsystem leads to solving a logic-algebraic method decision problem. In this regard, the working knowledge representation synthesis method constitutes a significant contribution to the development of programming methods aimed at distributed control procedures design.
{"title":"Automated Vehicles' Work Planning in Flexible Manufacturing Systems","authors":"W. Muszynski, Z. Banaszak, I. Tomczuk-Pirog","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2006.355211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2006.355211","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of rules setting in coordination of automated vehicles access to shared system resources (sections of their transportation paths) which assure a deadlock free and starvation free flow of the executed processes belongs to NP-hard problems. Assuming that there are local (controlling access to shared resources) rules of priority dispatching, the problem deals with setting conditions sufficient for a pair (initial state, set of priority dispatching rules). The assumed knowledge base way of specifying a transportation subsystem leads to solving a logic-algebraic method decision problem. In this regard, the working knowledge representation synthesis method constitutes a significant contribution to the development of programming methods aimed at distributed control procedures design.","PeriodicalId":431393,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116237145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2006.355376
P. Fernández, B. Álvarez, J. C. Rico, David Blanco Fernandez, G. Valiño
This research presents a working methodology for developing an automatic planning system of the scanning process of free-form surfaces. The surface has been modelled using a STL format, that permits the automatic recognizing of any type of surface. This work does only consider collision-free orientations that guarantee the visibility of the zone to scan and that are compatible with the constraints imposed by the process parameters. In order to speed up the calculation of these orientations, different methods like back-face culling and space partitioning techniques, such as kd-trees, are applied. Once the space occupied by the part is partitioned in regions, recursive ray traversal algorithms are used in order to check for intersection exclusively the part triangles (STL) that can potentially be traversed by each laser beam direction
{"title":"Constraints Evaluation and Working Methodology for Laser Scanning of Free-Form Surfaces","authors":"P. Fernández, B. Álvarez, J. C. Rico, David Blanco Fernandez, G. Valiño","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2006.355376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2006.355376","url":null,"abstract":"This research presents a working methodology for developing an automatic planning system of the scanning process of free-form surfaces. The surface has been modelled using a STL format, that permits the automatic recognizing of any type of surface. This work does only consider collision-free orientations that guarantee the visibility of the zone to scan and that are compatible with the constraints imposed by the process parameters. In order to speed up the calculation of these orientations, different methods like back-face culling and space partitioning techniques, such as kd-trees, are applied. Once the space occupied by the part is partitioned in regions, recursive ray traversal algorithms are used in order to check for intersection exclusively the part triangles (STL) that can potentially be traversed by each laser beam direction","PeriodicalId":431393,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121503596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2006.355361
F. Batzias
A logic procedure, including 12 alternatives within 32 activities and 13 decision nodes has been designed/developed/implemented for the rotary cement kiln control aiming at reducing NOx emissions to atmosphere. The hierarchy of alternatives was evaluated through simple and top-down Kendall's coefficients of concordance, proved to be of statistical significance. An implementation is presented in the case of fuel substitution including 53=125 fuzzy rules, with linguistic variables defined by five linguistic terms according to a Linkert scale in the antecedent or IF-part and three control variables forming nine commands in the conclusion or THEN-part of each rule. The change of fuzzy rules before and after the implementation is determined qualitatively and quantitatively according to Tseng and Klein and the centroid method
{"title":"Rotary Cement Kiln Control for Reducing NOx Emissions to Atmosphere","authors":"F. Batzias","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2006.355361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2006.355361","url":null,"abstract":"A logic procedure, including 12 alternatives within 32 activities and 13 decision nodes has been designed/developed/implemented for the rotary cement kiln control aiming at reducing NOx emissions to atmosphere. The hierarchy of alternatives was evaluated through simple and top-down Kendall's coefficients of concordance, proved to be of statistical significance. An implementation is presented in the case of fuel substitution including 53=125 fuzzy rules, with linguistic variables defined by five linguistic terms according to a Linkert scale in the antecedent or IF-part and three control variables forming nine commands in the conclusion or THEN-part of each rule. The change of fuzzy rules before and after the implementation is determined qualitatively and quantitatively according to Tseng and Klein and the centroid method","PeriodicalId":431393,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125436316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2006.355353
H. Kaghazchi, R. Joyce, D. Heffernan
Increasingly fieldbuses are used in a variety of applications as the end users make large investments on fieldbus installations. Therefore the availability of these fieldbuses is of paramount importance in smooth plant operation. Although the fieldbus standards specify the type and format of the diagnostics data, the extent, location and sequence of diagnostics data within a controller is entirely vendor dependent. As the number of differing controller makes increase in an installation, so does the problem of accessing fieldbus diagnostics data. This research work defines a unified framework for representing the fieldbus diagnostics data in the form of a data block, and develops diagnostics function blocks to provide the required diagnostics data at the controller and higher levels
{"title":"Function Blocks for Fieldbus Diagnostics","authors":"H. Kaghazchi, R. Joyce, D. Heffernan","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2006.355353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2006.355353","url":null,"abstract":"Increasingly fieldbuses are used in a variety of applications as the end users make large investments on fieldbus installations. Therefore the availability of these fieldbuses is of paramount importance in smooth plant operation. Although the fieldbus standards specify the type and format of the diagnostics data, the extent, location and sequence of diagnostics data within a controller is entirely vendor dependent. As the number of differing controller makes increase in an installation, so does the problem of accessing fieldbus diagnostics data. This research work defines a unified framework for representing the fieldbus diagnostics data in the form of a data block, and develops diagnostics function blocks to provide the required diagnostics data at the controller and higher levels","PeriodicalId":431393,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131462454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2006.355210
J. Ashley, L. Holloway
A condition system is a collection of Petri nets that interact with each other and the external environment through condition signals. Some of these condition signals may be unobservable. In previous work, fault diagnosis was defined in terms of observed behavior versus expected behavior of subsystem models, where the expected behavior is defined through condition system models, and approximate methods were presented for detection and diagnosis. We have also presented a method to determine a best possible diagnosis within the constraints of observability. However this method requires significant state space exploration. In this paper, we wish to exploit the causal structure imposed on the system by a partition of subsystem models in order to reduce (in certain situations) the amount of work required to perform a diagnosis.
{"title":"Exploiting causal structure in the refined diagnosis of condition systems","authors":"J. Ashley, L. Holloway","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2006.355210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2006.355210","url":null,"abstract":"A condition system is a collection of Petri nets that interact with each other and the external environment through condition signals. Some of these condition signals may be unobservable. In previous work, fault diagnosis was defined in terms of observed behavior versus expected behavior of subsystem models, where the expected behavior is defined through condition system models, and approximate methods were presented for detection and diagnosis. We have also presented a method to determine a best possible diagnosis within the constraints of observability. However this method requires significant state space exploration. In this paper, we wish to exploit the causal structure imposed on the system by a partition of subsystem models in order to reduce (in certain situations) the amount of work required to perform a diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":431393,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation","volume":"48 19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134455126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2006.355459
A. Bratukhin, A. Treytl
With the exploding complexity of distributed production, current management concepts cannot feasibly maintain full control over work pieces in the plant. Product identification technologies such as RFID are a solution to retain control. Nevertheless they are only a piece in the puzzle to retrieve the desired information at shop floor level and superordinate levels like ERP systems. This paper analyses the suitability of RFID (radio frequency identification) in agent-based control applications to gain full control over all products and resources at shop floor level. Additionally, an implementation concept for RFID-based product control developed in the EU project PABADIS' PROMISE is presented; the project aims at installing a completely distributed agent-based production control system with full information control.
{"title":"Applicability of RFID and Agent-Based Control for Product Identification in Distributed Production","authors":"A. Bratukhin, A. Treytl","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2006.355459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2006.355459","url":null,"abstract":"With the exploding complexity of distributed production, current management concepts cannot feasibly maintain full control over work pieces in the plant. Product identification technologies such as RFID are a solution to retain control. Nevertheless they are only a piece in the puzzle to retrieve the desired information at shop floor level and superordinate levels like ERP systems. This paper analyses the suitability of RFID (radio frequency identification) in agent-based control applications to gain full control over all products and resources at shop floor level. Additionally, an implementation concept for RFID-based product control developed in the EU project PABADIS' PROMISE is presented; the project aims at installing a completely distributed agent-based production control system with full information control.","PeriodicalId":431393,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131844533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2006.355252
Peter Jones
Much work has been done in the field of food technology and processing [on both the product and the supply chain side] to increase consumer safety and to drive towards increased customer satisfaction. However, there are still many concerns raised by both the consumers and the food standards bodies with respect to potential problems that could arise from unexpected conditions or when track and tracing in the food supply chain breaks down. The development of networked systems to ensure integrity of data throughout the supply chain are a key tool to provide the full traceability of food products. The addition of wireless identification technologies to provide persistent identifiers for food products will become a key mechanism to enhance the consumer experience. This paper presents the use of RFID track and tracing technology to help create a safer food supply chain.
{"title":"Networked RFID for use in the Food Chain","authors":"Peter Jones","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2006.355252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2006.355252","url":null,"abstract":"Much work has been done in the field of food technology and processing [on both the product and the supply chain side] to increase consumer safety and to drive towards increased customer satisfaction. However, there are still many concerns raised by both the consumers and the food standards bodies with respect to potential problems that could arise from unexpected conditions or when track and tracing in the food supply chain breaks down. The development of networked systems to ensure integrity of data throughout the supply chain are a key tool to provide the full traceability of food products. The addition of wireless identification technologies to provide persistent identifiers for food products will become a key mechanism to enhance the consumer experience. This paper presents the use of RFID track and tracing technology to help create a safer food supply chain.","PeriodicalId":431393,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131892345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2006.355191
P. Salgado, P. Afonso
This paper describes the identification of greenhouse climate processes with multiple fuzzy models by resulting of decomposition of one global (flat) fuzzy model. This process is called separation of linguistic information methodology - SLIM. In this paper, the SLIM methodology is based on fuzzy clustering of fuzzy rules algorithm (FCFRA), which is a generalization of the well-known fuzzy c-means. It allows the automatic organization of the sets of fuzzy IF ... THEN rules of one fuzzy system into a multimodel hierarchical structure, result of clustering process of fuzzy rules. This technique is used to organize the fuzzy greenhouse climate model into a new structure more interpretable, as in the case of the physical model. This new methodology was tested to split the inside greenhouse air temperature and humidity flat fuzzy models into fuzzy sub-models.
{"title":"Decomposition of a Greenhouse Fuzzy Model","authors":"P. Salgado, P. Afonso","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2006.355191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2006.355191","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the identification of greenhouse climate processes with multiple fuzzy models by resulting of decomposition of one global (flat) fuzzy model. This process is called separation of linguistic information methodology - SLIM. In this paper, the SLIM methodology is based on fuzzy clustering of fuzzy rules algorithm (FCFRA), which is a generalization of the well-known fuzzy c-means. It allows the automatic organization of the sets of fuzzy IF ... THEN rules of one fuzzy system into a multimodel hierarchical structure, result of clustering process of fuzzy rules. This technique is used to organize the fuzzy greenhouse climate model into a new structure more interpretable, as in the case of the physical model. This new methodology was tested to split the inside greenhouse air temperature and humidity flat fuzzy models into fuzzy sub-models.","PeriodicalId":431393,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129405541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2006.355412
U. Schmidtmann, Gerd von Cölln, G. Kreutz, Jörg Thomaschewski, R. Koers, B. Wenker
In general, mechanic, electronic and software are developed independently by different design tools for the same mechatronic object (MO). As a consequence, it's difficult to find links between interrelated data which are needed by back-end tools like simulators. Even new concepts based on the idea of mechatronic objects are restricted to particular views of fabrication. Different views generate different descriptions and semantics of MO. This paper proposes to define MO in a holistic manner by the language for the semantic Web, OWL (Ontology Web Language) such that each specific view of holistic mechatronic objects (HMO) can use a common knowledge base. This approach could be compared with the database approach where each application has its own view of the database. Furthermore, HMO concept also supports the plug-and-play philosophy.
一般来说，对于同一个机电一体化对象，机械、电子和软件是由不同的设计工具独立开发的。因此，很难找到模拟器等后端工具所需的相关数据之间的链接。即使是基于机电一体化对象的新概念也被限制在特定的制造视图中。不同的视图产生不同的本体描述和语义。本文提出用面向语义Web的OWL (Ontology Web language)语言对本体进行整体定义，使整体机电对象(HMO)的每个特定视图都能使用一个通用的知识库。这种方法可以与数据库方法进行比较，其中每个应用程序都有自己的数据库视图。此外，HMO的概念也支持即插即用的理念。
{"title":"Specification of Holistic Mechatronic Objects Based on Semantic Web Technology","authors":"U. Schmidtmann, Gerd von Cölln, G. Kreutz, Jörg Thomaschewski, R. Koers, B. Wenker","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2006.355412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2006.355412","url":null,"abstract":"In general, mechanic, electronic and software are developed independently by different design tools for the same mechatronic object (MO). As a consequence, it's difficult to find links between interrelated data which are needed by back-end tools like simulators. Even new concepts based on the idea of mechatronic objects are restricted to particular views of fabrication. Different views generate different descriptions and semantics of MO. This paper proposes to define MO in a holistic manner by the language for the semantic Web, OWL (Ontology Web Language) such that each specific view of holistic mechatronic objects (HMO) can use a common knowledge base. This approach could be compared with the database approach where each application has its own view of the database. Furthermore, HMO concept also supports the plug-and-play philosophy.","PeriodicalId":431393,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133509589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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