In 2017, the Terengganu Chinese Peranakan Association (TCPA) withdrew its participation in the 4th Annual Terengganu Peranakan Festival (TPF) organised by the Terengganu Chinese Chamber of Commerce and Industry (TCCCI) because of a dispute over the combined term “Mek Awang”. To TCPA members, Mek Awang is a derogatory term, which the Malays used to refer to someone as being “soft”, effeminate, or a cross-dresser. However, TCCCI has appropriated the term Mek Awang and used it as a brand name to promote the festival, and to highlight the “uniqueness” of the Terengganu Peranakan Chinese community. This case is an example of how local cultural terms or practices have been readapted to suit tourism interests. Tourism is often accused of reinventing culture for capital ventures. Consequently, many academics and social critics have come to regard official national heritage sites and heritage tourism with scepticism and disdain. Combining ethnographic data from our in-depth interviews with the Terengganu Peranakan Chinese and our participant observation during the festival, we argue that the dispute over Mek Awang is not only a simple change in reference, but is also an indication of a deeper contemporary global process that affects ethnic minorities and their identities. We conclude that various attempts to commodify the peranakan experiences and culture in Terengganu as well as the intention to place the peranakan as a marketable heritage in Chinatown can be interpreted as attempts to replace a heterogeneous community with a homogeneous, uniform, genetic and identifiable ethnic category with a Peranakan1 (with capital “P”) identity.
{"title":"(Re)placing the Terengganu Peranakan Chinese as “Mek Awang”: Making Chinatown and Heritagising the Peranakan Identities in Kuala Terengganu","authors":"Hong Chuang Loo, G. Pue, Puay Liu Ong","doi":"10.21315/km2021.39.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/km2021.39.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"In 2017, the Terengganu Chinese Peranakan Association (TCPA) withdrew its participation in the 4th Annual Terengganu Peranakan Festival (TPF) organised by the Terengganu Chinese Chamber of Commerce and Industry (TCCCI) because of a dispute over the combined term “Mek Awang”. To TCPA members, Mek Awang is a derogatory term, which the Malays used to refer to someone as being “soft”, effeminate, or a cross-dresser. However, TCCCI has appropriated the term Mek Awang and used it as a brand name to promote the festival, and to highlight the “uniqueness” of the Terengganu Peranakan Chinese community. This case is an example of how local cultural terms or practices have been readapted to suit tourism interests. Tourism is often accused of reinventing culture for capital ventures. Consequently, many academics and social critics have come to regard official national heritage sites and heritage tourism with scepticism and disdain. Combining ethnographic data from our in-depth interviews with the Terengganu Peranakan Chinese and our participant observation during the festival, we argue that the dispute over Mek Awang is not only a simple change in reference, but is also an indication of a deeper contemporary global process that affects ethnic minorities and their identities. We conclude that various attempts to commodify the peranakan experiences and culture in Terengganu as well as the intention to place the peranakan as a marketable heritage in Chinatown can be interpreted as attempts to replace a heterogeneous community with a homogeneous, uniform, genetic and identifiable ethnic category with a Peranakan1 (with capital “P”) identity.","PeriodicalId":43145,"journal":{"name":"Kajian Malaysia","volume":"56 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72415970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Global Internet Governance: Influences from Malaysia and Singapore (Book review)","authors":"Lee Ooi Tan","doi":"10.21315/km2021.39.2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/km2021.39.2.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43145,"journal":{"name":"Kajian Malaysia","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79149910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nor Hanim Awang @ Mohd Noor, Norfatiha Othman, Nor Hayati Sa’at
The participation of women in entrepreneurship plays a significant role in economic development especially in reducing unemployment, increasing production and consumption, achieving gender equality, social and cultural reforms. One of the dominant areas for women is batik and songket entrepreneurs who are synonymous with women on the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Studies have identified three key elements that contribute to the development of this craft entrepreneur, viz. attitude, business inheritance and religious value culture. Qualitative design methods based on case studies and in-depth interviews were used in this study on 12 informants in the state of Kelantan and Terengganu in Malaysia. The findings show that there are three main factors that cause the formation of women handicraft entrepreneurs, namely attitude, family heritage and religious values. Hence, all the factors that make up a female handicraft entrepreneur in Malaysia are discussed in this article. The findings imply that increasing women entrepreneurs in handicrafts can raise the quality of handicraft products into becoming the best tourism products in the East Coast.
{"title":"Pembentukan Usahawan Kraf Tangan Wanita di Malaysia: Peranan Sikap, Warisan Keluarga dan Pembudayaan Nilai Agama","authors":"Nor Hanim Awang @ Mohd Noor, Norfatiha Othman, Nor Hayati Sa’at","doi":"10.21315/km2021.39.2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/km2021.39.2.7","url":null,"abstract":"The participation of women in entrepreneurship plays a significant role in economic development especially in reducing unemployment, increasing production and consumption, achieving gender equality, social and cultural reforms. One of the dominant areas for women is batik and songket entrepreneurs who are synonymous with women on the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Studies have identified three key elements that contribute to the development of this craft entrepreneur, viz. attitude, business inheritance and religious value culture. Qualitative design methods based on case studies and in-depth interviews were used in this study on 12 informants in the state of Kelantan and Terengganu in Malaysia. The findings show that there are three main factors that cause the formation of women handicraft entrepreneurs, namely attitude, family heritage and religious values. Hence, all the factors that make up a female handicraft entrepreneur in Malaysia are discussed in this article. The findings imply that increasing women entrepreneurs in handicrafts can raise the quality of handicraft products into becoming the best tourism products in the East Coast.","PeriodicalId":43145,"journal":{"name":"Kajian Malaysia","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83408676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Utaman, Sivachandralingam Sundara Raja, M. Raman, Sivachandralingam Sundara, Raja. 2021. Indian, Kajian Malaysia
This article investigates a long-neglected aspect of Indian Malaysian history, namely the Indian Agents of the Government of India to British Malaya. The Indian Agents were representatives of the Indian Government who were appointed under the Indian Immigration Act of 1922 to investigate and report on the state of affairs of Indian communities in the British colonies. The official duties of the Indian Agents in British Malaya were formalised under Section 73 (III) of the Labour Code 1923. Between 1923 and 1941, six Indian Agents were appointed in British Malaya. Throughout their tenure, they focused on and reported extensively on the socioeconomic conditions of the Indian working-class community, particularly south Indian labourers. One problem that came to their attention was the underdevelopment of the community’s permanent settlement in the country. The Federated Malay States (FMS) government did not appear to be concerned about the situation. Similarly, private estate managers reacted indifferently to the issue. Both saw permanent settlement as simply an economic measure to keep the community as a labour force, rather than a way to alleviate their socioeconomic hardships. This article shows how the Indian Agents were able to uncover a range of issues that were impeding the establishment of permanent settlements for south Indian labourers in the FMS. Some of them demonstrated exceptional levels of direct involvement. The article’s primary goal is to assess the degree to which the Indian Agents influenced the overall development of permanent Indian labour settlement.
{"title":"Indian Agent Involvement in the Establishment of Permanent Settlement for the South Indian Labouring Community, 1923–1941","authors":"M. Utaman, Sivachandralingam Sundara Raja, M. Raman, Sivachandralingam Sundara, Raja. 2021. Indian, Kajian Malaysia","doi":"10.21315/km2021.39.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/km2021.39.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates a long-neglected aspect of Indian Malaysian history, namely the Indian Agents of the Government of India to British Malaya. The Indian Agents were representatives of the Indian Government who were appointed under the Indian Immigration Act of 1922 to investigate and report on the state of affairs of Indian communities in the British colonies. The official duties of the Indian Agents in British Malaya were formalised under Section 73 (III) of the Labour Code 1923. Between 1923 and 1941, six Indian Agents were appointed in British Malaya. Throughout their tenure, they focused on and reported extensively on the socioeconomic conditions of the Indian working-class community, particularly south Indian labourers. One problem that came to their attention was the underdevelopment of the community’s permanent settlement in the country. The Federated Malay States (FMS) government did not appear to be concerned about the situation. Similarly, private estate managers reacted indifferently to the issue. Both saw permanent settlement as simply an economic measure to keep the community as a labour force, rather than a way to alleviate their socioeconomic hardships. This article shows how the Indian Agents were able to uncover a range of issues that were impeding the establishment of permanent settlements for south Indian labourers in the FMS. Some of them demonstrated exceptional levels of direct involvement. The article’s primary goal is to assess the degree to which the Indian Agents influenced the overall development of permanent Indian labour settlement.","PeriodicalId":43145,"journal":{"name":"Kajian Malaysia","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88609876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reading habits are often associated with an increased cognitive level. However, book genre can also affect the cognitive level. This is because different book genres can be attributed to different types of knowledge and tendency towards a specific book genre can be viewed as a preference towards a specific type of knowledge. Research on Malaysians’ interest and the tendency towards book genre and type of knowledge can be investigated using the publication data of each book genre and its prices. The objective of this research is to analyse and compare the book publications and the average price of each book’s genre in Malaysia with those of Japan. Comparison was done based on book categorisation genre strategy to 12 book genres. Based on Monte Carlo simulation method data, Malaysians are attracted to book genres on language, literature and science. While the Japanese are more interested in the book genres of social sciences and hobbies/art. The similarity between Malaysian and Japanese societies are that both societies also favour book genre of literature. However, it is possible that the themes of literary genre in Japan and Malaysia are very different. The result of this study can be used to identify the differences between Malaysian and Japanese reading habits as well as for formulating strategies to change Malaysian reading habits towards the style of Japanese reading habits.
{"title":"Perbandingan Penerbitan dan Harga Buku Mengikut Genre di Malaysia dan Jepun Menggunakan Data Akses Terbuka dan Simulasi Monte Carlo","authors":"H. Dahlan","doi":"10.21315/km2021.39.2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/km2021.39.2.8","url":null,"abstract":"Reading habits are often associated with an increased cognitive level. However, book genre can also affect the cognitive level. This is because different book genres can be attributed to different types of knowledge and tendency towards a specific book genre can be viewed as a preference towards a specific type of knowledge. Research on Malaysians’ interest and the tendency towards book genre and type of knowledge can be investigated using the publication data of each book genre and its prices. The objective of this research is to analyse and compare the book publications and the average price of each book’s genre in Malaysia with those of Japan. Comparison was done based on book categorisation genre strategy to 12 book genres. Based on Monte Carlo simulation method data, Malaysians are attracted to book genres on language, literature and science. While the Japanese are more interested in the book genres of social sciences and hobbies/art. The similarity between Malaysian and Japanese societies are that both societies also favour book genre of literature. However, it is possible that the themes of literary genre in Japan and Malaysia are very different. The result of this study can be used to identify the differences between Malaysian and Japanese reading habits as well as for formulating strategies to change Malaysian reading habits towards the style of Japanese reading habits.","PeriodicalId":43145,"journal":{"name":"Kajian Malaysia","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84268064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The belief towards the spirit medium is one of the oldest beliefs in Chinese folk religion. This research explored spirit mediumship practices among the Chinese in Kuantan, Pahang, and interviewed 10 spirit mediums by applying interpretive phenomenological analysis. The findings indicate that the ability to interact with deities is either due to unavoidable illness, hereditary, naturally acquired, or learned. Indeed, a spirit medium may or may not convey messages to the audience or the deities from ritual performances. However, the ritual had revealed an “indispensable and official” status among mediums and worshippers. Although some expectations of this practice have faded due to modernity, it is still popular among the Chinese, especially in bonding the Chinese together as one community.
{"title":"Connecting with Deities: The Practice of Spirit Mediumship among the Chinese in Kuantan, Pahang","authors":"Melvin Bok Yee Foo, E. Chai","doi":"10.21315/km2021.39.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/km2021.39.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"The belief towards the spirit medium is one of the oldest beliefs in Chinese folk religion. This research explored spirit mediumship practices among the Chinese in Kuantan, Pahang, and interviewed 10 spirit mediums by applying interpretive phenomenological analysis. The findings indicate that the ability to interact with deities is either due to unavoidable illness, hereditary, naturally acquired, or learned. Indeed, a spirit medium may or may not convey messages to the audience or the deities from ritual performances. However, the ritual had revealed an “indispensable and official” status among mediums and worshippers. Although some expectations of this practice have faded due to modernity, it is still popular among the Chinese, especially in bonding the Chinese together as one community.","PeriodicalId":43145,"journal":{"name":"Kajian Malaysia","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86512551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study is an assessment of the effectiveness of the Inspector Cadet Police Basic Training Programme on the practice of integrity as a result of the implementation of the Royal Malaysian Police (RMP) Integrity Plan. The training programme is aimed at creating senior police officers who practice good governance iorder to improve the quality of service delivery and management as well as to create an excellent image of RMP. The RMP’s commitment to upholding integrity has been proven by management improvements through the implementation of some initiatives such as the establishment of the Department of Integrity andStandard Compliance and the implementation of the RMP Integrity Plan, and the implementation of the Enforcement Agency Integrity Module in the RMP training module. This descriptive study uses a qualitative approach based on a structured design of a case study. Primary data were obtained through a semistructured interview method with eight informants selected through purposive sampling techniques and supported by secondary data through document analysis and library research. The findings show that the training module has been a dominant influence and the main catalyst for the practice of integrity, apart from workplace environment and family as new findings. The study concludes that the implementation of the integrity learning module in the Police Basic Training Programme has provided the knowledge and skills towards the inculcation of integrity but somehow officers can still be influenced by work environment and family factors.
{"title":"Keberkesanan Latihan Asas Kepolisan Kadet Inspektor Terhadap Amalan Integriti dalam Kalangan Pegawai Kanan Polis","authors":"Norashikin Ahmad, Sity Daud, Anis Yusal Yusoff","doi":"10.21315/km2021.39.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/km2021.39.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"This study is an assessment of the effectiveness of the Inspector Cadet Police Basic\u0000Training Programme on the practice of integrity as a result of the implementation\u0000of the Royal Malaysian Police (RMP) Integrity Plan. The training programme is aimed at creating senior police officers who practice good governance iorder to improve the quality of service delivery and management as well as to create an excellent image of RMP. The RMP’s commitment to upholding integrity has been proven by management improvements through the implementation of some initiatives such as the establishment of the Department of Integrity andStandard Compliance and the implementation of the RMP Integrity Plan, and the implementation of the Enforcement Agency Integrity Module in the RMP training module. This descriptive study uses a qualitative approach based on a structured design of a case study. Primary data were obtained through a semistructured interview method with eight informants selected through purposive sampling techniques and supported by secondary data through document analysis and library research. The findings show that the training module has been a dominant influence and the main catalyst for the practice of integrity, apart from\u0000workplace environment and family as new findings. The study concludes that the\u0000implementation of the integrity learning module in the Police Basic Training\u0000Programme has provided the knowledge and skills towards the inculcation of\u0000integrity but somehow officers can still be influenced by work environment and\u0000family factors.","PeriodicalId":43145,"journal":{"name":"Kajian Malaysia","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90245313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines local Chinese electoral politics in Sarawak during the 2016 Sarawak state elections based on a case study of two Chinese-majority marginal seats in Sibu district, namely Dudong and Bawang Assan. It examines the discourse and strategies deployed by the ruling Barisan Nasional (BN) and the opposition Democratic Action Party (DAP) and other independent candidates in the two constituencies. Candidates of the former in both seats were prominent leaders who had left the Sarawak United People’s Party (SUPP) – a major BN component party – to form a rival splinter party called the United People’s Party (UPP) and had contested as “BN direct candidates.” The article provides insights into how the intricate political dynamics on the ground shaped the electoral outcomes. Analysis of the voting patterns in polling districts provides a more nuanced understanding of the purported “increase” in Chinese support, revealing an urban-rural contrast. Both DAP candidates retained majority support in urban Chinese areas, albeit with reduced vote shares and absolute numbers due to abstention. Rural Chinese voters, on the other hand, manifested a clear surge in their support for BN, both in absolute numbers and vote share, contributing decisively to the victories of the two BN direct candidates. The findings are based on field observation, in-depth interviews with party leaders and informants, as well as analysis of polling district results of the two constituencies.
{"title":"Chinese Politics in the 2016 Sarawak state elections: Case Studies of Dudong and Bawang Assan Seats","authors":"Helen Ting","doi":"10.21315/km2021.39.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/km2021.39.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines local Chinese electoral politics in Sarawak during the 2016 Sarawak state elections based on a case study of two Chinese-majority marginal seats in Sibu district, namely Dudong and Bawang Assan. It examines the discourse and strategies deployed by the ruling Barisan Nasional (BN) and the opposition Democratic Action Party (DAP) and other independent candidates in the two constituencies. Candidates of the former in both seats were prominent leaders who had left the Sarawak United People’s Party (SUPP) – a major BN component party – to form a rival splinter party called the United People’s Party (UPP) and had contested as “BN direct candidates.” The article provides insights into how the intricate political dynamics on the ground shaped the electoral outcomes. Analysis of the voting patterns in polling districts provides a more nuanced understanding of the purported “increase” in Chinese support, revealing an urban-rural contrast. Both DAP candidates retained majority support in urban Chinese areas, albeit with reduced vote shares and absolute numbers due to abstention. Rural Chinese voters, on the other hand, manifested a clear surge in their support for BN, both in absolute numbers and vote share, contributing decisively to the victories of the two BN direct candidates. The findings are based on field observation, in-depth interviews with party leaders and informants, as well as analysis of polling district results of the two constituencies.","PeriodicalId":43145,"journal":{"name":"Kajian Malaysia","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80564430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nur Fatin Lyana Rahimi, Munzilah Md. Rohani, Noor Asman
In Malaysia, most of the studies conducted on the effects of increase in fuel prices have focused on a group of people who have a regular monthly income. Little attention is given to the younger generation without income, especially among students in higher education. Malaysian students are also among the highest group of people who make daily trips. The increase in fuel prices has also increased the daily cost of students and can affect their daily commute. This study aims to examine the specific effects of the increase in the prices of fuel on the travel patterns of young people in higher education institutions. A total of 596 respondents among university students were involved in this study, which selected randomly from public and private universities in Malaysia. By focusing on the patterns of travel before and after the increase in fuel prices, the respondents were asked to fill out a questionnaire related to their weekly trip activities. From the survey conducted, there are variations in the choice of transport mode for educational purposes and personal activities of the respondents. Among the preferred mode of transport include driving cars, riding bikes, walking and taking public services. However, the highest mode of transport of the movement of respondents from residential areas to campus based on the weekly frequencies are walking and driving cars. Whereas, for personal purposes, students are most likely to prefer driving cars. Research shows, the rise in fuel prices do not provide a significant change to the travel patterns of the respondents. However, slight changes in the pattern of respondents’ travel have occurred, such as the reduction in the frequency of personal vehicle used and the increase in the frequency of sharing the vehicle.
{"title":"Kesan Variasi Harga Minyak Terhadap Corak Perjalanan Pelajar Institusi Pengajian Tinggi","authors":"Nur Fatin Lyana Rahimi, Munzilah Md. Rohani, Noor Asman","doi":"10.21315/km2021.39.2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/km2021.39.2.9","url":null,"abstract":"In Malaysia, most of the studies conducted on the effects of increase in fuel prices have focused on a group of people who have a regular monthly income. Little attention is given to the younger generation without income, especially among students in higher education. Malaysian students are also among the highest group of people who make daily trips. The increase in fuel prices has also increased the daily cost of students and can affect their daily commute. This study aims to examine the specific effects of the increase in the prices of fuel on the travel patterns of young people in higher education institutions. A total of 596 respondents among university students were involved in this study, which selected randomly from public and private universities in Malaysia. By focusing on the patterns of travel before and after the increase in fuel prices, the respondents were asked to fill out a questionnaire related to their weekly trip activities. From the survey conducted, there are variations in the choice of transport mode for educational purposes and personal activities of the respondents. Among the preferred mode of transport include driving cars, riding bikes, walking and taking public services. However, the highest mode of transport of the movement of respondents from residential areas to campus based on the weekly frequencies are walking and driving cars. Whereas, for personal purposes, students are most likely to prefer driving cars. Research shows, the rise in fuel prices do not provide a significant change to the travel patterns of the respondents. However, slight changes in the pattern of respondents’ travel have occurred, such as the reduction in the frequency of personal vehicle used and the increase in the frequency of sharing the vehicle.","PeriodicalId":43145,"journal":{"name":"Kajian Malaysia","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76968763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Revisiting the Death Railway, The Survivors’ Accounts (Book review)","authors":"V. Selvaratnam","doi":"10.21315/km2021.39.2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/km2021.39.2.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43145,"journal":{"name":"Kajian Malaysia","volume":"127 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83990756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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