Nur Syazwani Abdul Talib, Kamarulzaman Abdul Ghani, Nur Azuki Yusuff
Muzium memainkan peranan dalam pendidikan bagi membolehkan pelajar berhubung secara terus dengan koleksi dan menjadikan sesi pengajaran dan pembelajaran berpusatkan pelajar selain memberi keseronokan semasa berlangsungnya pembelajaran. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk meneroka pandangan guru berkaitan pembelajaran Sejarah berasaskan lawatan muzium dan mengenal pasti persepsi pelajar terhadap aktiviti pembelajaran Sejarah melalui lawatan muzium. Kajian ini dijalankan ke atas pelajar tingkatan empat dan guru Sejarah di Kota Bharu, Kelantan. Seramai 205 orang pelajar dijadikan responden dan tiga orang guru Sejarah dipilih berdasarkan ciri-ciri tertentu. Kajian ini menggunakan borang soal selidik kepada pelajar dan protokol temu bual dijalankan ke atas guru Sejarah. Dapatan kajian mendapati pembelajaran Sejarah di muzium memberikan keseronokan, melibatkan pelajar secara aktif, meningkatkan kefahaman dan minat pelajar terhadap Sejarah. Antara aktiviti yang sesuai dijalankan di muzium ialah menyelesaikan tugasan bersama rakan, melakukan aktiviti penerokaan untuk menyelidik dan menganalisis daripada koleksi dan menggunakan peta i-think semasa menyalin nota. Justeru, kepelbagaian aktiviti pembelajaran yang berpusatkan pelajar akan menggalakkan pemikiran kritis dan kreatif pelajar. Guru perlu bijak dalam mengenal pasti kehendak dan minat pelajar bagi memastikan kaedah yang digunakan adalah bersesuaian dengan pelajar.
{"title":"Keberkesanan Aktiviti Pembelajaran Sejarah di Muzium: Satu Kajian Kes","authors":"Nur Syazwani Abdul Talib, Kamarulzaman Abdul Ghani, Nur Azuki Yusuff","doi":"10.21315/km2023.41.2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/km2023.41.2.13","url":null,"abstract":"Muzium memainkan peranan dalam pendidikan bagi membolehkan pelajar berhubung secara terus dengan koleksi dan menjadikan sesi pengajaran dan pembelajaran berpusatkan pelajar selain memberi keseronokan semasa berlangsungnya pembelajaran. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk meneroka pandangan guru berkaitan pembelajaran Sejarah berasaskan lawatan muzium dan mengenal pasti persepsi pelajar terhadap aktiviti pembelajaran Sejarah melalui lawatan muzium. Kajian ini dijalankan ke atas pelajar tingkatan empat dan guru Sejarah di Kota Bharu, Kelantan. Seramai 205 orang pelajar dijadikan responden dan tiga orang guru Sejarah dipilih berdasarkan ciri-ciri tertentu. Kajian ini menggunakan borang soal selidik kepada pelajar dan protokol temu bual dijalankan ke atas guru Sejarah. Dapatan kajian mendapati pembelajaran Sejarah di muzium memberikan keseronokan, melibatkan pelajar secara aktif, meningkatkan kefahaman dan minat pelajar terhadap Sejarah. Antara aktiviti yang sesuai dijalankan di muzium ialah menyelesaikan tugasan bersama rakan, melakukan aktiviti penerokaan untuk menyelidik dan menganalisis daripada koleksi dan menggunakan peta i-think semasa menyalin nota. Justeru, kepelbagaian aktiviti pembelajaran yang berpusatkan pelajar akan menggalakkan pemikiran kritis dan kreatif pelajar. Guru perlu bijak dalam mengenal pasti kehendak dan minat pelajar bagi memastikan kaedah yang digunakan adalah bersesuaian dengan pelajar.","PeriodicalId":43145,"journal":{"name":"Kajian Malaysia","volume":"472 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135976803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Economy of Colonial Malaya: A rejoinder to the book review by Viswanathan Selvaratnam in Kajian Malaysia 40(2) 2022: 269–278.","authors":"Sivachandralingam Sundara Raja","doi":"10.21315/km2023.41.2.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/km2023.41.2.17","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43145,"journal":{"name":"Kajian Malaysia","volume":"54 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135976806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present article studies how the government of Malaysia legitimises COVID-19 vaccines. Vaccination is a whole government endeavour but the Special Committee on COVID-19 Vaccine Supply (Jawatankuasa Khas Jaminan Akses Vaksin COVID-19 [JKJAV]) is the central government organisation that manages national-level vaccination. The management involves a discursive aspect and the discourse on social media sites should be explored because it frames beliefs and practices about vaccines. A qualitative analysis of legitimating strategies and their language and image features were conducted on Malay language posts on Facebook, Instagram and Twitter from February 2021 to July 2021. The posts discursively legitimise COVID-19 vaccines in terms of their characteristics and benefits. The multisemiotic legitimation is achieved by mixing rationalisation, moralisation and authorisation. JKJAV proposes that vaccines are the best means of protection, encouraged by various sources. Cumulatively, the vaccine favourable discourse makes vaccination an exercise of personal choice by an individual. The agency is justified by rational, moral and authoritative reasons, to recreate social dynamics before the pandemic.
本文研究马来西亚政府如何使COVID-19疫苗合法化。疫苗接种是整个政府的工作，但COVID-19疫苗供应特别委员会(Jawatankuasa Khas Jaminan Akses Vaksin COVID-19 [JKJAV])是管理国家级疫苗接种的中央政府组织。管理涉及话语方面，应探讨社交媒体网站上的话语，因为它构成了有关疫苗的信念和做法。从2021年2月到2021年7月，对Facebook, Instagram和Twitter上的马来语帖子进行了合法化策略及其语言和图像特征的定性分析。这些帖子从特性和益处方面论述了COVID-19疫苗的合法性。多符号学的正当化是通过合理化、道德化和授权的混合来实现的。JKJAV提出，疫苗是最好的保护手段，受到各种来源的鼓励。累积起来，疫苗有利的话语使疫苗接种一个人的个人选择的行使。出于理性、道德和权威的原因，该机构有理由重建大流行之前的社会动态。
{"title":"Get the Jab: Government Multisemiotic Legitimation of COVID-19 Vaccines in Malaysia","authors":"Kumaran Rajandran","doi":"10.21315/km2023.41.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/km2023.41.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"The present article studies how the government of Malaysia legitimises COVID-19 vaccines. Vaccination is a whole government endeavour but the Special Committee on COVID-19 Vaccine Supply (Jawatankuasa Khas Jaminan Akses Vaksin COVID-19 [JKJAV]) is the central government organisation that manages national-level vaccination. The management involves a discursive aspect and the discourse on social media sites should be explored because it frames beliefs and practices about vaccines. A qualitative analysis of legitimating strategies and their language and image features were conducted on Malay language posts on Facebook, Instagram and Twitter from February 2021 to July 2021. The posts discursively legitimise COVID-19 vaccines in terms of their characteristics and benefits. The multisemiotic legitimation is achieved by mixing rationalisation, moralisation and authorisation. JKJAV proposes that vaccines are the best means of protection, encouraged by various sources. Cumulatively, the vaccine favourable discourse makes vaccination an exercise of personal choice by an individual. The agency is justified by rational, moral and authoritative reasons, to recreate social dynamics before the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":43145,"journal":{"name":"Kajian Malaysia","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135929552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ummi Hani Abu Hassan, Shahidra Abdul Khalil, Nor Fahimah Mohd Razif
Malay Reserve Land is a topic that has been discussed less since COVID-19 hit the world. It is not just a simple issue about land and property; Malay Reserve Land is also a matter of Malay privilege in Malaysia. As a country with increasing pluralisation, diversification and practice of liberal economy, sustaining this special right is becoming a challenge. Historically, the practice of land possession in Malay customary law is strongly influenced by Islamic law. According to the teachings of Islam, real ownership belongs to Allah Almighty. However, after the British colonised Peninsular Malaysia for nearly 200 years, new land laws were endorsed to deal with the problems in land management that hindered their political and economic interest. Since then, the Malays have faced numerous problems to manage their special land. The following article, based on an indepth reading of the selected Malay novels, provides the various voices of love negotiating with hate and the feeling of loss. Data from newspapers and academic articles in the last 10 years have shown that the main issue is the decreasing size of Malay Reservation Land. The findings of the textual analysis reveal the authors’ voices of disenchantment in their novels related to the actual depletion of Malay Reserve Land throughout the 108-year-long journey.
{"title":"Love and Loss: The Malay Reserve Land Predicament in Malay Novels","authors":"Ummi Hani Abu Hassan, Shahidra Abdul Khalil, Nor Fahimah Mohd Razif","doi":"10.21315/km2023.41.2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/km2023.41.2.8","url":null,"abstract":"Malay Reserve Land is a topic that has been discussed less since COVID-19 hit the world. It is not just a simple issue about land and property; Malay Reserve Land is also a matter of Malay privilege in Malaysia. As a country with increasing pluralisation, diversification and practice of liberal economy, sustaining this special right is becoming a challenge. Historically, the practice of land possession in Malay customary law is strongly influenced by Islamic law. According to the teachings of Islam, real ownership belongs to Allah Almighty. However, after the British colonised Peninsular Malaysia for nearly 200 years, new land laws were endorsed to deal with the problems in land management that hindered their political and economic interest. Since then, the Malays have faced numerous problems to manage their special land. The following article, based on an indepth reading of the selected Malay novels, provides the various voices of love negotiating with hate and the feeling of loss. Data from newspapers and academic articles in the last 10 years have shown that the main issue is the decreasing size of Malay Reservation Land. The findings of the textual analysis reveal the authors’ voices of disenchantment in their novels related to the actual depletion of Malay Reserve Land throughout the 108-year-long journey.","PeriodicalId":43145,"journal":{"name":"Kajian Malaysia","volume":"41 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135929999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Makalah ini membincangkan tentang perjuangan guru-guru Melayu Kedah melalui Persatuan Guru-guru Melayu Kedah (PGMK) iaitu isu bahasa sebagai medium pendidikan serta sistem pendidikan Melayu sebelum tanah air mencapai kemerdekaan. Selain berjuang menuntut kenaikan gaji, mereka menuntut bahasa Melayu sebagai bahasa komunikasi di sekolah-sekolah Melayu di Kedah daripada pihak kolonial British. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, objektif utama yang ingin diketengahkan dalam penulisan ini ialah isu-isu guru Melayu Kedah dalam menuntut kebajikan mereka serta pendidikan Melayu dengan menjadikan bahasa Melayu sebagai bahasa utama diajar di sekolah kebangsaan dan sekolah menengah di Tanah Melayu di samping memartabatkan bahasa Melayu di institusi. Perjuangan merubah sistem pendidikan zaman kolonial yang diperkenalkan oleh kerajaan British yang tidak sesuai diamalkan dalam sistem pendidikan tempatan. Perbincangan dalam artikel ini adalah berdasarkan kepada pendekatan sejarah iaitu sumber-sumber daripada media massa sebelum merdeka seperti akhbar Warta Negara, Majalah Guru dan The Straits Times serta penyelidikan menerusi kaedah kajian arkib dengan menganalisis dokumen-dokumen British. Penyelidikan ini menggunakan sumber primer dan sekunder yang dirujuk di arkibarkib, pejabat PGMK dan perpustakaan universiti. Hasil penulisan ini mendapati perjuangan guru-guru Melayu telah memberi impak kepada kerajaan kolonial dalam mengambil langkah-langkah yang perlu bagi menangani isu-isu yang dibangkitkan iaitu memartabatkan peranan guru serta bahasa Melayu sebagai medium dalam pendidikan di sekolah. Impak kajian berjaya membuktikan bahawa guru berperanan sebagai kumpulan pendesak bagi masyarakat Melayu ke atas kerajaan kolonial yang menyebabkan berlaku beberapa perubahan dalam isu-isu tuntutan gaji, peluang pendidikan guru, kemudahan sekolah dan nasionalisme bahasa.
{"title":"Persatuan Guru Melayu Kedah (PGMK), 1946–1956: Isu-isu Pendidikan dan Perguruan","authors":"Mohamad Muzammil Mohamad Noor","doi":"10.21315/km2023.41.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/km2023.41.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"Makalah ini membincangkan tentang perjuangan guru-guru Melayu Kedah melalui Persatuan Guru-guru Melayu Kedah (PGMK) iaitu isu bahasa sebagai medium pendidikan serta sistem pendidikan Melayu sebelum tanah air mencapai kemerdekaan. Selain berjuang menuntut kenaikan gaji, mereka menuntut bahasa Melayu sebagai bahasa komunikasi di sekolah-sekolah Melayu di Kedah daripada pihak kolonial British. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, objektif utama yang ingin diketengahkan dalam penulisan ini ialah isu-isu guru Melayu Kedah dalam menuntut kebajikan mereka serta pendidikan Melayu dengan menjadikan bahasa Melayu sebagai bahasa utama diajar di sekolah kebangsaan dan sekolah menengah di Tanah Melayu di samping memartabatkan bahasa Melayu di institusi. Perjuangan merubah sistem pendidikan zaman kolonial yang diperkenalkan oleh kerajaan British yang tidak sesuai diamalkan dalam sistem pendidikan tempatan. Perbincangan dalam artikel ini adalah berdasarkan kepada pendekatan sejarah iaitu sumber-sumber daripada media massa sebelum merdeka seperti akhbar Warta Negara, Majalah Guru dan The Straits Times serta penyelidikan menerusi kaedah kajian arkib dengan menganalisis dokumen-dokumen British. Penyelidikan ini menggunakan sumber primer dan sekunder yang dirujuk di arkibarkib, pejabat PGMK dan perpustakaan universiti. Hasil penulisan ini mendapati perjuangan guru-guru Melayu telah memberi impak kepada kerajaan kolonial dalam mengambil langkah-langkah yang perlu bagi menangani isu-isu yang dibangkitkan iaitu memartabatkan peranan guru serta bahasa Melayu sebagai medium dalam pendidikan di sekolah. Impak kajian berjaya membuktikan bahawa guru berperanan sebagai kumpulan pendesak bagi masyarakat Melayu ke atas kerajaan kolonial yang menyebabkan berlaku beberapa perubahan dalam isu-isu tuntutan gaji, peluang pendidikan guru, kemudahan sekolah dan nasionalisme bahasa.","PeriodicalId":43145,"journal":{"name":"Kajian Malaysia","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135976800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Program mikro kredit merupakan inisiatif pembiayaan mikro bertujuan untuk memupuk keusahawanan dalam kalangan masyarakat, menghasilkan aktiviti perniagaan, mencipta peluang pekerjaan dan menjana pertumbuhan ekonomi. Program mikro kredit formal sama ada daripada institusi, bank perdagangan atau bank pembangunan didapati telah berjaya dalam usaha membasmi kemiskinan. Selain itu, terdapat juga skim mikro kredit tidak formal yang menawarkan pinjaman kepada peniaga. Hal ini menggambarkan berlakunya pertindihan kuasa dalam menilai sejauh mana keberkesanan program mikro kredit sama ada yang ditawarkan oleh insitusi formal atau tidak formal. Oleh itu, artikel ini mengenal pasti sejauh mana keberkesanan pembiaya mikro kredit formal dan tidak formal yang menawarkan pembiayaan kepada golongan peniaga kecil di Pulau Pinang dalam usaha mengatasi isu kemiskinan dalam kalangan mereka. Reka bentuk kajian adalah berbentuk kualitatif di mana instrumen kajian menggunakan soalan temu ramah secara terbuka. Sampel responden dipilih menggunakan kaedah pensampelan bertujuan melibatkan 20 responden yang mengusahakan perniagaan serta mendapat pinjaman mikro kredit sama ada melalui institusi formal atau tidak formal. Analisis data untuk kajian ini adalah berdasarkan nota lapangan. Kajian turut menggunakan analisis kuantitatif untuk mempersembahkan profil responden. Manakala analisis sebenar adalah melalui data kualitatif. Hasil kajian mendapati 100% responden cenderung memilih skim mikro kredit formal berbanding tidak formal walaupun timbul isu dan masalah dalam prosedur pinjaman mikro kredit formal. Dapatan menunjukkan mikro kredit memberi kesan ke atas pengurangan kemiskinan dalam kalangan responden. Sebanyak 60% responden memperoleh pendapatan lebih daripada RM2500 sebulan. Seterusnya, terdapat cadangan yang dikemukakan oleh responden untuk penambahbaikan institusi mikro kredit. Antara cadangan tersebut ialah mempermudahkan prosedur pinjaman, meningkatkan jumlah pinjaman serta menawarkan geran untuk pembelian peralatan atau perkakasan perniagaan. Justeru, kajian ini diharapkan dapat memberi input kepada institusi mikro kredit sama ada formal atau tidak formal untuk menyusun strategi terhadap penambahbaikan prosedur pinjaman institusi mikro kredit di Malaysia.
{"title":"Penelitian Terhadap Peranan Mikro Kredit dalam Membasmi Kemiskinan: Kajian Kes ke atas Peminjam Mikro Kredit Formal dan Tidak Formal di Pulau Pinang","authors":"Siti Masayu Rosliah Abdul Rashid, Narimah Samat","doi":"10.21315/km2023.41.2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/km2023.41.2.11","url":null,"abstract":"Program mikro kredit merupakan inisiatif pembiayaan mikro bertujuan untuk memupuk keusahawanan dalam kalangan masyarakat, menghasilkan aktiviti perniagaan, mencipta peluang pekerjaan dan menjana pertumbuhan ekonomi. Program mikro kredit formal sama ada daripada institusi, bank perdagangan atau bank pembangunan didapati telah berjaya dalam usaha membasmi kemiskinan. Selain itu, terdapat juga skim mikro kredit tidak formal yang menawarkan pinjaman kepada peniaga. Hal ini menggambarkan berlakunya pertindihan kuasa dalam menilai sejauh mana keberkesanan program mikro kredit sama ada yang ditawarkan oleh insitusi formal atau tidak formal. Oleh itu, artikel ini mengenal pasti sejauh mana keberkesanan pembiaya mikro kredit formal dan tidak formal yang menawarkan pembiayaan kepada golongan peniaga kecil di Pulau Pinang dalam usaha mengatasi isu kemiskinan dalam kalangan mereka. Reka bentuk kajian adalah berbentuk kualitatif di mana instrumen kajian menggunakan soalan temu ramah secara terbuka. Sampel responden dipilih menggunakan kaedah pensampelan bertujuan melibatkan 20 responden yang mengusahakan perniagaan serta mendapat pinjaman mikro kredit sama ada melalui institusi formal atau tidak formal. Analisis data untuk kajian ini adalah berdasarkan nota lapangan. Kajian turut menggunakan analisis kuantitatif untuk mempersembahkan profil responden. Manakala analisis sebenar adalah melalui data kualitatif. Hasil kajian mendapati 100% responden cenderung memilih skim mikro kredit formal berbanding tidak formal walaupun timbul isu dan masalah dalam prosedur pinjaman mikro kredit formal. Dapatan menunjukkan mikro kredit memberi kesan ke atas pengurangan kemiskinan dalam kalangan responden. Sebanyak 60% responden memperoleh pendapatan lebih daripada RM2500 sebulan. Seterusnya, terdapat cadangan yang dikemukakan oleh responden untuk penambahbaikan institusi mikro kredit. Antara cadangan tersebut ialah mempermudahkan prosedur pinjaman, meningkatkan jumlah pinjaman serta menawarkan geran untuk pembelian peralatan atau perkakasan perniagaan. Justeru, kajian ini diharapkan dapat memberi input kepada institusi mikro kredit sama ada formal atau tidak formal untuk menyusun strategi terhadap penambahbaikan prosedur pinjaman institusi mikro kredit di Malaysia.","PeriodicalId":43145,"journal":{"name":"Kajian Malaysia","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135976973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhamad Firdaus Ab Rahman, Hussein ‘Azeemi Abdullah Thaidi, Siti Farahiyah Ab Rahim
The advancement of the agricultural sector necessitates modern technology and high-quality seeds as well as fertilisers; such growth parallels the increased cost of paddy planting in Malaysia. However, Islamic scholars have debated several issues regarding the evaluation of the agricultural zakat, including the reason behind the refusal of plant operation and farmers’ self-sustenance cost before zakat imposition. This article aims to analyse the diversity of rate establishment in the practice of agricultural zakat collection in Malaysia by examining the rates imposed based on irrigation and the deduction of some costs before the imposition of zakat. A qualitative approach was employed to interpret the data through inductive, deductive and comparative methods. As for field research, this study conducted semi-structured interviews in selected states of Malaysia, namely Selangor, Sarawak, Pulau Pinang, Terengganu and Perlis. The findings indicate that agricultural rates vary significantly between states, ranging from 5% to 7.5% or 10% of the total amount of the crop produced that has reached its nisab. These distinctions arose due to (1) the varied interpretations of the Islamic legal tradition by various schools of juristic thought and (2) the rate of zakat on crops, which requires discussion of irrigation and energy use by farmers. However, this non- uniformity is not attributable to disparities in living levels throughout Malaysia’s states. Therefore, further research is required to determine the substantial cost reduction of agricultural zakat in Malaysia, including self-sufficiency cost, considering the current agrarian economy’s needs and public interest.
{"title":"Dynamic of Diversity of Rate Establishment in the Practice of Agricultural Zakat Collection in Malaysia","authors":"Muhamad Firdaus Ab Rahman, Hussein ‘Azeemi Abdullah Thaidi, Siti Farahiyah Ab Rahim","doi":"10.21315/km2023.41.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/km2023.41.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"The advancement of the agricultural sector necessitates modern technology and high-quality seeds as well as fertilisers; such growth parallels the increased cost of paddy planting in Malaysia. However, Islamic scholars have debated several issues regarding the evaluation of the agricultural zakat, including the reason behind the refusal of plant operation and farmers’ self-sustenance cost before zakat imposition. This article aims to analyse the diversity of rate establishment in the practice of agricultural zakat collection in Malaysia by examining the rates imposed based on irrigation and the deduction of some costs before the imposition of zakat. A qualitative approach was employed to interpret the data through inductive, deductive and comparative methods. As for field research, this study conducted semi-structured interviews in selected states of Malaysia, namely Selangor, Sarawak, Pulau Pinang, Terengganu and Perlis. The findings indicate that agricultural rates vary significantly between states, ranging from 5% to 7.5% or 10% of the total amount of the crop produced that has reached its nisab. These distinctions arose due to (1) the varied interpretations of the Islamic legal tradition by various schools of juristic thought and (2) the rate of zakat on crops, which requires discussion of irrigation and energy use by farmers. However, this non- uniformity is not attributable to disparities in living levels throughout Malaysia’s states. Therefore, further research is required to determine the substantial cost reduction of agricultural zakat in Malaysia, including self-sufficiency cost, considering the current agrarian economy’s needs and public interest.","PeriodicalId":43145,"journal":{"name":"Kajian Malaysia","volume":"19 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135929260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Siti Zaharah Jamaluddin, Mohammad Abu Taher, H. S. Wong
Malaysia is expected to be an ageing country by 2030 when 15% of her populace will be in the category of the elderly. The elderly will face various issues and challenges, such as finance along with abuse and neglect. Generally, like in other disputes, the legal mechanism is the resort for resolution. However, litigation is less preferred in this type of cases as it does not address the emotional distress suffered by the parties involved. As such, litigation is not a suitable method as it may break the relationship between the parties. Conversely, mediation, a non-adjudicative dispute resolution mechanism, is considered a potential method of dispute settlement since it is effective in addressing the issues in a family conflict involving the elderly. Due to its effectiveness, the application of mediation as a means of resolving disputes has gained global attention. Considering its effectiveness, some countries, such as Australia and Canada, apply mediation in resolving family issues involving the elderly. The use of mediation in family disputes is not new in Malaysia, however, it is yet to be applied in elderly family disputes. The objective of this article is to explore the scope of the application of mediation in elderly family issues. As such, this study adopts the qualitative approach of research where primary and secondary sources of data were gleaned from various statutes as well as existing literature, respectively. In order to underline the potential of mediation in dispute resolution, the experiences of Australia and Canada have been shared in this article. The finding indicates that due to its intrinsic excellence and usefulness, mediation can excel in resolving the disputes related to the elderly. Therefore, the paper recommends embracing mediation as a feasible dispute settlement mechanism involving the elderly in a family setting in Malaysia.
{"title":"Application of Mediation in Resolving Elderly Family Issues in Malaysia: Lessons from Canada and Australia","authors":"Siti Zaharah Jamaluddin, Mohammad Abu Taher, H. S. Wong","doi":"10.21315/km2023.41.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/km2023.41.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Malaysia is expected to be an ageing country by 2030 when 15% of her populace will be in the category of the elderly. The elderly will face various issues and challenges, such as finance along with abuse and neglect. Generally, like in other disputes, the legal mechanism is the resort for resolution. However, litigation is less preferred in this type of cases as it does not address the emotional distress suffered by the parties involved. As such, litigation is not a suitable method as it may break the relationship between the parties. Conversely, mediation, a non-adjudicative dispute resolution mechanism, is considered a potential method of dispute settlement since it is effective in addressing the issues in a family conflict involving the elderly. Due to its effectiveness, the application of mediation as a means of resolving disputes has gained global attention. Considering its effectiveness, some countries, such as Australia and Canada, apply mediation in resolving family issues involving the elderly. The use of mediation in family disputes is not new in Malaysia, however, it is yet to be applied in elderly family disputes. The objective of this article is to explore the scope of the application of mediation in elderly family issues. As such, this study adopts the qualitative approach of research where primary and secondary sources of data were gleaned from various statutes as well as existing literature, respectively. In order to underline the potential of mediation in dispute resolution, the experiences of Australia and Canada have been shared in this article. The finding indicates that due to its intrinsic excellence and usefulness, mediation can excel in resolving the disputes related to the elderly. Therefore, the paper recommends embracing mediation as a feasible dispute settlement mechanism involving the elderly in a family setting in Malaysia.","PeriodicalId":43145,"journal":{"name":"Kajian Malaysia","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76504152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Interactions and power relations between the Malaysian Parliament and foreign affairs have long been neglected by academics. This article is an attempt to fill this gap. The Malaysian Parliament, being the highest legislative authority in the nation, is empowered to enact laws related to foreign and security affairs as well as hold the government to account. Drawing on Philip Norton’s discourse on power relations between parliamentarians and the legislature, this article argues that Malaysian parliamentarians’ check and balance over the executive’s foreign authority is minimal due to a weak parliamentary institution compared with its British counterpart. The best the parliamentarians can achieve is to induce the government to pay attention to their concerns, while a second option is to make foreign issues the business of parliament through tabling adjournment motions to dictate the agenda. There was only one successful instance of a parliamentary intervention in stopping a military asset procurement.
{"title":"Explaining Interactions Between Malaysia’s Dewan Rakyat and Foreign Affairs: A Study of Parliamentary Behaviour Between 1959 and 2019","authors":"Choong Wah Lam","doi":"10.21315/km2023.41.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/km2023.41.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Interactions and power relations between the Malaysian Parliament and foreign affairs have long been neglected by academics. This article is an attempt to fill this gap. The Malaysian Parliament, being the highest legislative authority in the nation, is empowered to enact laws related to foreign and security affairs as well as hold the government to account. Drawing on Philip Norton’s discourse on power relations between parliamentarians and the legislature, this article argues that Malaysian parliamentarians’ check and balance over the executive’s foreign authority is minimal due to a weak parliamentary institution compared with its British counterpart. The best the parliamentarians can achieve is to induce the government to pay attention to their concerns, while a second option is to make foreign issues the business of parliament through tabling adjournment motions to dictate the agenda. There was only one successful instance of a parliamentary intervention in stopping a military asset procurement.","PeriodicalId":43145,"journal":{"name":"Kajian Malaysia","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81961504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article focuses on social hierarchy and ethnographic observation research based on cultural artifacts that are considered to have sacred value in Iban culture in Sarawak. Sacred artifacts are cultural objects that are believed to have spiritual values and mystical powers that are capable of protecting and bringing harmony to their owners if executed according to customs and rituals. This belief is driven by the ancestral religion of Pengarap Lama and the habitat that has been home to the Iban community since time immemorial. In proving the critical findings, qualitative-based research methods have been implemented based on in-depth observations, interviews, and documentation. The research findings found that sacred artifacts are still important in the culture of the Iban community even though they have embraced new religions such as Islam and Christianity. Therefore, in preserving the significant value of sacred artifacts in Iban culture, this article is an effort to archive the cul
{"title":"Artifak Sakral dalam Budaya Iban di Sarawak","authors":"Gregory Kiyai @ Keai, N. Tugang","doi":"10.21315/km2023.41.1.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/km2023.41.1.15","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on social hierarchy and ethnographic observation research based on cultural artifacts that are considered to have sacred value in Iban culture in Sarawak. Sacred artifacts are cultural objects that are believed to have spiritual values and mystical powers that are capable of protecting and bringing harmony to their owners if executed according to customs and rituals. This belief is driven by the ancestral religion of Pengarap Lama and the habitat that has been home to the Iban community since time immemorial. In proving the critical findings, qualitative-based research methods have been implemented based on in-depth observations, interviews, and documentation. The research findings found that sacred artifacts are still important in the culture of the Iban community even though they have embraced new religions such as Islam and Christianity. Therefore, in preserving the significant value of sacred artifacts in Iban culture, this article is an effort to archive the cul","PeriodicalId":43145,"journal":{"name":"Kajian Malaysia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82199298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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