Abstract In the pharmaceutical industry, a critical need exists for effective drug development approaches that better account for factors imposed by the physiological microenvironment. Organ-on-a-chip (OOAC)—a revolutionary technology that simulates human organs’ physiological milieu and performance on a chip—has applications in curing illnesses and drug screening, and enormous potential to transform the drug discovery workflow. However, the effective integration of this unique engineering system into ordinary pharmacological and medical contexts remains in development. This Editorial summarizes current research on OOAC systems, and offers insight into future development prospects and the need for a next-generation OOAC framework.
{"title":"Current Applications of Organ-on-a-Chip: A Step Closer to Personalized Medicine","authors":"A. Victorious","doi":"10.15212/bioi-2022-0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/bioi-2022-0027","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the pharmaceutical industry, a critical need exists for effective drug development approaches that better account for factors imposed by the physiological microenvironment. Organ-on-a-chip (OOAC)—a revolutionary technology that simulates human organs’\u0000 physiological milieu and performance on a chip—has applications in curing illnesses and drug screening, and enormous potential to transform the drug discovery workflow. However, the effective integration of this unique engineering system into ordinary pharmacological and medical contexts\u0000 remains in development. This Editorial summarizes current research on OOAC systems, and offers insight into future development prospects and the need for a next-generation OOAC framework.","PeriodicalId":431549,"journal":{"name":"BIO Integration","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133623610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have emerged as promising alternatives of traditional antibiotics against drug-resistant bacteria owing to their broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties and low tendency to drug resistance. However, their therapeutic efficacy in vivo, especially for infections in deep organs, is limited owing to their systemic toxicity and low bioavailability. Nanoparticles-based delivery systems offer a strategy to increase the therapeutic index of AMPs by preventing proteolysis, increasing the accumulation at infection sites, and reducing toxicity. Herein, we will discuss the current progress of using nanoparticles as delivery vehicles for AMPs for the treatment of deep infections.Statement of significanceAntimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are rarely directly used to treat deep infections due to their systemic toxicity and low bioavailability. This review summarizes recent progress that researchers employed nanoparticles-based delivery systems to deliver AMPs for the treatment of deep infections. Nanoparticles-based delivery systems offer a strategy to increase the therapeutic index of AMPs by preventing proteolysis, increasing the accumulation at infection sites, and reducing toxicity. Especially, the development of intelligent nanocarriers can achieve selective activation and active target in the infectious sites, thus improving the therapeutic efficacy against bacterial infection and reducing the toxicity against normal tissues.
{"title":"Nanoparticles Enable Efficient Delivery of Antimicrobial Peptides for the Treatment of Deep Infections","authors":"Ying-Hu Deng, Rui Huang, Songyin Huang, Menghua Xiong","doi":"10.15212/BIOI-2021-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/BIOI-2021-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have emerged as promising alternatives of traditional antibiotics against drug-resistant bacteria owing to their broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties and low tendency to drug resistance. However, their therapeutic efficacy in vivo,\u0000 especially for infections in deep organs, is limited owing to their systemic toxicity and low bioavailability. Nanoparticles-based delivery systems offer a strategy to increase the therapeutic index of AMPs by preventing proteolysis, increasing the accumulation at infection sites, and reducing\u0000 toxicity. Herein, we will discuss the current progress of using nanoparticles as delivery vehicles for AMPs for the treatment of deep infections.Statement of significanceAntimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are rarely directly used to treat deep infections due to their systemic toxicity\u0000 and low bioavailability. This review summarizes recent progress that researchers employed nanoparticles-based delivery systems to deliver AMPs for the treatment of deep infections. Nanoparticles-based delivery systems offer a strategy to increase the therapeutic index of AMPs by preventing\u0000 proteolysis, increasing the accumulation at infection sites, and reducing toxicity. Especially, the development of intelligent nanocarriers can achieve selective activation and active target in the infectious sites, thus improving the therapeutic efficacy against bacterial infection and reducing\u0000 the toxicity against normal tissues.","PeriodicalId":431549,"journal":{"name":"BIO Integration","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116660495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prof. Sangyong Jon received his Bachelor’s, Master’s and PhD degrees from Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST). Now, he has returned to KAIST as the Chair Professor at the Department of Biological Sciences and also as the Director of the Center for Precision BioNanomedicine. His research interest lies at the interface of biomedicine, biotechnology, biomaterials, and nanomedicine. His major research focus is on the development of various platform technologies that may address unmet medical needs. Some of the platforms his team developed over a decade ago include the “Aptide” platform that enables the screening and identification of high-affinity peptides for various protein targets such as antibodies; the “Bilirubin Nanomedicine” platform that provides a universal nanomedicine solution for various inflammatory diseases, and the “Cancer Stem Cell” platform that enables facile generation of three-dimensional (3D) cancer stem cell spheroids from various differentiated cancer cells for basic cancer research and drug development. Prof. Jon has received numerous awards and honors including the 2020 KAIST Innovation Prize and the 2015 College of Fellows at the American Institute of Medical Imaging and Biological Engineering. His most recent innovation is the development of bilirubin-based nanoparticles, which has demonstrated its therapeutic feasibility in many pre-clinical disease models, including inflammatory bowel disease. More interestingly, he cofounded a start-up company (BiliX Inc) based on the platform technology. In this interview, we learn first-hand about Prof. Jon’s exciting innovation and the importance of integrating basic science and translational medicine.
{"title":"Voice Series: Interview with Prof. Dr. Sangyong Jon, KAIST Chair Professor : Published Online: January 13 2021","authors":"P. Saw","doi":"10.15212/BIOI-2020-0042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/BIOI-2020-0042","url":null,"abstract":"Prof. Sangyong Jon received his Bachelor’s, Master’s and PhD degrees from Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST). Now, he has returned to KAIST as the Chair Professor at the Department of Biological Sciences and also as the Director of the Center for Precision BioNanomedicine. His research interest lies at the interface of biomedicine, biotechnology, biomaterials, and nanomedicine. His major research focus is on the development of various platform technologies that may address unmet medical needs. Some of the platforms his team developed over a decade ago include the “Aptide” platform that enables the screening and identification of high-affinity peptides for various protein targets such as antibodies; the “Bilirubin Nanomedicine” platform that provides a universal nanomedicine solution for various inflammatory diseases, and the “Cancer Stem Cell” platform that enables facile generation of three-dimensional (3D) cancer stem cell spheroids from various differentiated cancer cells for basic cancer research and drug development. Prof. Jon has received numerous awards and honors including the 2020 KAIST Innovation Prize and the 2015 College of Fellows at the American Institute of Medical Imaging and Biological Engineering. His most recent innovation is the development of bilirubin-based nanoparticles, which has demonstrated its therapeutic feasibility in many pre-clinical disease models, including inflammatory bowel disease. More interestingly, he cofounded a start-up company (BiliX Inc) based on the platform technology. In this interview, we learn first-hand about Prof. Jon’s exciting innovation and the importance of integrating basic science and translational medicine.","PeriodicalId":431549,"journal":{"name":"BIO Integration","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114963922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As we look back on the rough year of 2020, with the emergence of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19), we were faced with many uncertainties, with no known standard treatments or available vaccines. Scientists and clinicians work around the clock to understand and combat this virus. So far, tremendous progresses have been made especially in genetically identifying this virus, which in turn leads to rapid development of drugs and vaccines. With 3 Food and Drug Administration– and 4 China Food and Drug Administration–approved COVID-19 vaccines so far and many more in the pipelines, we are now faced with the dilemma of weighing the effectiveness of these vaccines versus their side effects. The questions that were asked frequently is: should I get vaccinated? In this two-part interview, BIO Integration first interviewed the team of clinicians who were deeply involved in the writing of “The Guidelines for the Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Control of Coronavirus in Adults in China” during the COVID-19 outbreak. This team, led by Professor Shanping Jiang, along with team member Tiantian Tang, now discusses SARSCoV-2 mutation and progress in vaccine development with BIO Integration.
{"title":"Voice Series COVID-19 Special Collection Part 1: Interview with clinicians: COVID-19 mutation and current breakthrough in vaccine development","authors":"Phei Er Saw","doi":"10.15212/bioi-2021-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/bioi-2021-0008","url":null,"abstract":"As we look back on the rough year of 2020, with the emergence of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19), we were faced with many uncertainties, with no known standard treatments or available vaccines. Scientists and clinicians work around the clock to understand and combat this virus. So far, tremendous progresses have been made especially in genetically identifying this virus, which in turn leads to rapid development of drugs and vaccines. With 3 Food and Drug Administration– and 4 China Food and Drug Administration–approved COVID-19 vaccines so far and many more in the pipelines, we are now faced with the dilemma of weighing the effectiveness of these vaccines versus their side effects. The questions that were asked frequently is: should I get vaccinated? In this two-part interview, BIO Integration first interviewed the team of clinicians who were deeply involved in the writing of “The Guidelines for the Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Control of Coronavirus in Adults in China” during the COVID-19 outbreak. This team, led by Professor Shanping Jiang, along with team member Tiantian Tang, now discusses SARSCoV-2 mutation and progress in vaccine development with BIO Integration.","PeriodicalId":431549,"journal":{"name":"BIO Integration","volume":"48 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132624218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiuling Li, Shunung Liang, Chee Hwee Tan, Shuwen Cao, Xiaoding Xu, P. Saw, Wei Tao
Abstract Since time immemorial, plant derived natural products have been used for the treatment of various human diseases before the intervention of modern medicine. The basis of modern medicine is still being inspired from traditional medicine and therapies. However, despite their tremendous therapeutic potential, these natural drugs often have poor bioavailability, metabolic instability, and aqueous insolubility. These factors greatly impede a natural drug’s commercialization potential as a mainstream medicine. Therefore, the development of nanocarrier drug delivery systems is indispensable in overcoming the various constraints of the bottlenecks which occur with natural drugs. Of particular interest in this review are four plant materials endogenous to China with the common names of barrenwort or horny goat weed (Epimedium), Shu Di Huang (Rehmannia glutinosa, RG), ginseng (Panax ginseng), and Dong Quai or female ginseng (Angelica sinensis, AS), each having been scientifically investigated for a wide range of therapeutic uses as has been originally discovered from the long history of traditional usage and anecdotal information by local population groups in Asia. The integration of natural drugs from the East and nanocarrier drug delivery systems developed from the West is paving the way towards further accurate and efficient medicine therapy. We further discuss the potential benefits of these plants and the enhancement of their therapeutic efficacy by nanotechnology intervention.
{"title":"Nanocarriers in the Enhancement of Therapeutic Efficacy of Natural Drugs","authors":"Xiuling Li, Shunung Liang, Chee Hwee Tan, Shuwen Cao, Xiaoding Xu, P. Saw, Wei Tao","doi":"10.15212/BIOI-2020-0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/BIOI-2020-0040","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Since time immemorial, plant derived natural products have been used for the treatment of various human diseases before the intervention of modern medicine. The basis of modern medicine is still being inspired from traditional medicine and therapies. However, despite\u0000 their tremendous therapeutic potential, these natural drugs often have poor bioavailability, metabolic instability, and aqueous insolubility. These factors greatly impede a natural drug’s commercialization potential as a mainstream medicine. Therefore, the development of nanocarrier\u0000 drug delivery systems is indispensable in overcoming the various constraints of the bottlenecks which occur with natural drugs. Of particular interest in this review are four plant materials endogenous to China with the common names of barrenwort or horny goat weed (Epimedium), Shu\u0000 Di Huang (Rehmannia glutinosa, RG), ginseng (Panax ginseng), and Dong Quai or female ginseng (Angelica sinensis, AS), each having been scientifically investigated for a wide range of therapeutic uses as has been originally discovered from the long history of traditional\u0000 usage and anecdotal information by local population groups in Asia. The integration of natural drugs from the East and nanocarrier drug delivery systems developed from the West is paving the way towards further accurate and efficient medicine therapy. We further discuss the potential benefits\u0000 of these plants and the enhancement of their therapeutic efficacy by nanotechnology intervention.","PeriodicalId":431549,"journal":{"name":"BIO Integration","volume":"255 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131665361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tianhong Yao, Huirong Lin, Jingsong Mao, Shuaidong Huo, G. Liu
Novel coronavirus pneumonia is an acute, infectious pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus infection. Computed tomographic (CT) imaging is one of the main methods to screen and diagnose patients with this disease. Here, the importance and clinical value of chest CT examination in the diagnosis of COVID-19 is expounded, and the pulmonary CT findings of COVID-19 patients in different stages are briefly summarized, thus providing a reference document for the CT diagnosis of COVID-19 patients.
{"title":"CT Imaging Features of Patients Infected with 2019 Novel Coronavirus","authors":"Tianhong Yao, Huirong Lin, Jingsong Mao, Shuaidong Huo, G. Liu","doi":"10.15212/BIOI-2020-0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/BIOI-2020-0038","url":null,"abstract":"Novel coronavirus pneumonia is an acute, infectious pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus infection. Computed tomographic (CT) imaging is one of the main methods to screen and diagnose patients with this disease. Here, the importance and clinical value of chest CT examination in the\u0000 diagnosis of COVID-19 is expounded, and the pulmonary CT findings of COVID-19 patients in different stages are briefly summarized, thus providing a reference document for the CT diagnosis of COVID-19 patients.","PeriodicalId":431549,"journal":{"name":"BIO Integration","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122597260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Accurate measurement of fetal biometrics in ultrasound at different trimesters is essential in assisting clinicians to conduct pregnancy diagnosis. However, the accuracy of manual segmentation for measurement is highly user-dependent. Here, we design a general framework for automatically segmenting fetal anatomical structures in two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound (US) images and thus make objective biometric measurements available. We first introduce structured random forests (SRFs) as the core discriminative predictor to recognize the region of fetal anatomical structures with a primary classification map. The patch-wise joint labeling presented by SRFs has inherent advantages in identifying an ambiguous/fuzzy boundary and reconstructing incomplete anatomical boundary in US. Then, to get a more accurate and smooth classification map, a scale-aware auto-context model is injected to enhance the contour details of the classification map from various visual levels. Final segmentation can be obtained from the converged classification map with thresholding. Our framework is validated on two important biometric measurements, which are fetal head circumference (HC) and abdominal circumference (AC). The final results illustrate that our proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of segmentation accuracy.
{"title":"Scale-aware Auto-context-guided Fetal US Segmentation with Structured Random Forests","authors":"Xin Yang, Haoming Li, Li Liu, Dong Ni","doi":"10.15212/bioi-2020-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/bioi-2020-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Accurate measurement of fetal biometrics in ultrasound at different trimesters is essential in assisting clinicians to conduct pregnancy diagnosis. However, the accuracy of manual segmentation for measurement is highly user-dependent. Here, we design a general framework\u0000 for automatically segmenting fetal anatomical structures in two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound (US) images and thus make objective biometric measurements available. We first introduce structured random forests (SRFs) as the core discriminative predictor to recognize the region of fetal anatomical\u0000 structures with a primary classification map. The patch-wise joint labeling presented by SRFs has inherent advantages in identifying an ambiguous/fuzzy boundary and reconstructing incomplete anatomical boundary in US. Then, to get a more accurate and smooth classification map, a scale-aware\u0000 auto-context model is injected to enhance the contour details of the classification map from various visual levels. Final segmentation can be obtained from the converged classification map with thresholding. Our framework is validated on two important biometric measurements, which are fetal\u0000 head circumference (HC) and abdominal circumference (AC). The final results illustrate that our proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of segmentation accuracy.","PeriodicalId":431549,"journal":{"name":"BIO Integration","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125341483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract With the rapid developments of digital picture processing, pattern recognition, and intelligent algorithms, artificial intelligence (AI) has been widely applied in the medical field. The applications of artificial intelligence in medicine (AIM) include diagnosis generation, therapy selection, healthcare management, disease stratification, etc. Among the applications, the focuses of AIM are assisting clinicians in implementing disease detection, quantitative measurement, and differential diagnosis to improve diagnostic accuracy and optimize treatment selection. Thus, researchers focus on creating and refining modeling processes, including the processes of data collection, data preprocessing, and data partitioning as well as how models are configured, evaluated, optimized, clinically applied, and used for training. However, there is little research on the consideration of clinicians in the age of AI. Meanwhile, AI is more accurate and spends less time in diagnosis between the competitions of AI and clinicians in some cases. Thus, AIM is gradually becoming a hot topic. Barely a day goes by without a claim that AI techniques are poised to replace most of today’s professionals. Despite huge promise surrounding this technology, AI alone cannot support all the requirements for precision medicine, rather AI should be used in cohesive collaboration with clinicians. However, the integration of AIM has created confusion among clinicians on their role in this era. Therefore, it is necessary to explore new roles for clinicians in the age of AI.Statement of significanceWith the advent of the era of AI, the integration of medical field and AI is on the rise. Medicine has undergone significant changes, and what was previously labor-intensive work is now being solved through intelligent means. This change has also raised concerns among scholars: Will doctors eventually be replaced by AI? From this perspective, this study elaborates on the reasons why AI cannot replace doctors, and points out how doctors should change their roles to accelerate the integration of these fields, so as to adapt to the developing times.
{"title":"New Roles for Clinicians in the Age of Artificial Intelligence","authors":"Fengyi Zeng, Xiaowen Liang, Zhiyi Chen","doi":"10.15212/bioi-2020-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/bioi-2020-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract With the rapid developments of digital picture processing, pattern recognition, and intelligent algorithms, artificial intelligence (AI) has been widely applied in the medical field. The applications of artificial intelligence in medicine (AIM) include diagnosis\u0000 generation, therapy selection, healthcare management, disease stratification, etc. Among the applications, the focuses of AIM are assisting clinicians in implementing disease detection, quantitative measurement, and differential diagnosis to improve diagnostic accuracy and optimize treatment\u0000 selection. Thus, researchers focus on creating and refining modeling processes, including the processes of data collection, data preprocessing, and data partitioning as well as how models are configured, evaluated, optimized, clinically applied, and used for training. However, there is little\u0000 research on the consideration of clinicians in the age of AI. Meanwhile, AI is more accurate and spends less time in diagnosis between the competitions of AI and clinicians in some cases. Thus, AIM is gradually becoming a hot topic. Barely a day goes by without a claim that AI techniques are\u0000 poised to replace most of today’s professionals. Despite huge promise surrounding this technology, AI alone cannot support all the requirements for precision medicine, rather AI should be used in cohesive collaboration with clinicians. However, the integration of AIM has created confusion\u0000 among clinicians on their role in this era. Therefore, it is necessary to explore new roles for clinicians in the age of AI.Statement of significanceWith the advent of the era of AI, the integration of medical field and AI is on the rise. Medicine has undergone significant changes,\u0000 and what was previously labor-intensive work is now being solved through intelligent means. This change has also raised concerns among scholars: Will doctors eventually be replaced by AI? From this perspective, this study elaborates on the reasons why AI cannot replace doctors, and points\u0000 out how doctors should change their roles to accelerate the integration of these fields, so as to adapt to the developing times.","PeriodicalId":431549,"journal":{"name":"BIO Integration","volume":"149 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123308253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Aharonson, Nabeel Seedat, S. Israeli-korn, S. Hassin-Baer, M. Postema, G. Yahalom
Abstract Background: Treatment plans for Parkinson’s disease (PD) are based on a disease stage scale, which is generally determined using a manual, observational procedure. Automated, sensor-based discrimination saves labor and costs in clinical settings and may offer augmented stage determination accuracy. Previous automated devices were either cumbersome or costly and were not suitable for individuals who cannot walk without support.Methods: Since 2017, a device has been available that successfully detects PD and operates for people who cannot walk without support. In the present study, the suitability of this device for automated discrimination of PD stages was tested. The device consists of a walking frame fitted with sensors to simultaneously support walking and monitor patient gait. Sixty-five PD patients in Hoehn and Yahr (HY) stages 1 to 4 and 24 healthy controls were subjected to supported Timed Up and Go (TUG) tests, while using the walking frame. The walking trajectory, velocity, acceleration and force were recorded by the device throughout the tests. These physical parameters were converted into symptomatic spatiotemporal quantities that are conventionally used in PD gait assessment.Results: An analysis of variance (ANOVA) test extended by a confidence interval (CI) analysis indicated statistically significant separability between HY stages for the following spatiotemporal quantities: TUG time (p < 0.001), straight line walking time (p < 0.001), turning time (p < 0.001), and step count (p < 0.001). A negative correlation was obtained for mean step velocity (p < 0.001) and mean step length (p < 0.001). Moreover, correlations were established between these, as well as additional spatiotemporal quantities, and disease duration, L-dihydroxyphenylalanine-(L-DOPA) dose, motor fluctuation, dyskinesia and the mobile part of the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS).Conclusions: We have proven that stage discrimination of PD can be automated, even to patients who cannot support themselves. A similar method might be successfully applied to other gait disorders.
{"title":"Automated Stage Discrimination of Parkinson’s Disease","authors":"V. Aharonson, Nabeel Seedat, S. Israeli-korn, S. Hassin-Baer, M. Postema, G. Yahalom","doi":"10.15212/bioi-2020-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/bioi-2020-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background: Treatment plans for Parkinson’s disease (PD) are based on a disease stage scale, which is generally determined using a manual, observational procedure. Automated, sensor-based discrimination saves labor and costs in clinical settings and\u0000 may offer augmented stage determination accuracy. Previous automated devices were either cumbersome or costly and were not suitable for individuals who cannot walk without support.Methods: Since 2017, a device has been available that successfully detects PD and operates for people\u0000 who cannot walk without support. In the present study, the suitability of this device for automated discrimination of PD stages was tested. The device consists of a walking frame fitted with sensors to simultaneously support walking and monitor patient gait. Sixty-five PD patients in Hoehn\u0000 and Yahr (HY) stages 1 to 4 and 24 healthy controls were subjected to supported Timed Up and Go (TUG) tests, while using the walking frame. The walking trajectory, velocity, acceleration and force were recorded by the device throughout the tests. These physical parameters were converted into\u0000 symptomatic spatiotemporal quantities that are conventionally used in PD gait assessment.Results: An analysis of variance (ANOVA) test extended by a confidence interval (CI) analysis indicated statistically significant separability between HY stages for the following spatiotemporal\u0000 quantities: TUG time (p < 0.001), straight line walking time (p < 0.001), turning time (p < 0.001), and step count (p < 0.001). A negative correlation was obtained for mean step velocity (p < 0.001) and mean step length (p < 0.001). Moreover, correlations were established\u0000 between these, as well as additional spatiotemporal quantities, and disease duration, L-dihydroxyphenylalanine-(L-DOPA) dose, motor fluctuation, dyskinesia and the mobile part of the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS).Conclusions: We have proven that stage discrimination\u0000 of PD can be automated, even to patients who cannot support themselves. A similar method might be successfully applied to other gait disorders.","PeriodicalId":431549,"journal":{"name":"BIO Integration","volume":"16 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132832955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pengpeng Xue, J. Yuan, Qing Yao, Ying-zheng Zhao, Helin Xu
Abstract Wound repair of bone is a complicated multistep process orchestrated by inflammation, angiogenesis, callus formation, and bone remodeling. Many bioactive factors (BFs) including cytokine and growth factors (GFs) have previously been reported to be involved in regulating wound healing of bone and some exogenous BFs such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) were proven to be helpful for improving bone healing. In this regard, the BFs reported for boosting bone repair were initially categorized according to their regulatory mechanisms. Thereafter, the challenges including short half-life, poor stability, and rapid enzyme degradation and deactivation for these exogenous BFs in bone healing are carefully outlined in this review. For these issues, BFs-imprinted scaffold vehicles have recently been reported to promote the stability of BFs and enhance their half-life in vivo. This review is focused on the incorporation of BFs into the modulated biomaterials with various forms of bone tissue engineering applications: firstly, rigid bone graft substitutes (BGSs) were used to imprint BFs for large scale bone defect repair; secondly, the soft sponge-like scaffold carrying BFs is discussed as filling materials for the cavity of bone defects; thirdly, various injectable vehicles including hydrogel, nanoparticles, and microspheres for the delivery of BFs were also introduced for irregular bone fracture repair. Meanwhile, the challenges for BFs-imprinted scaffold vehicles are also analyzed in this review.
{"title":"Bioactive Factors-imprinted Scaffold Vehicles for Promoting Bone Healing: The Potential Strategies and the Confronted Challenges for Clinical Production","authors":"Pengpeng Xue, J. Yuan, Qing Yao, Ying-zheng Zhao, Helin Xu","doi":"10.15212/bioi-2020-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/bioi-2020-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Wound repair of bone is a complicated multistep process orchestrated by inflammation, angiogenesis, callus formation, and bone remodeling. Many bioactive factors (BFs) including cytokine and growth factors (GFs) have previously been reported to be involved in regulating\u0000 wound healing of bone and some exogenous BFs such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) were proven to be helpful for improving bone healing. In this regard, the BFs reported for boosting bone repair were initially categorized according to their regulatory mechanisms. Thereafter, the challenges\u0000 including short half-life, poor stability, and rapid enzyme degradation and deactivation for these exogenous BFs in bone healing are carefully outlined in this review. For these issues, BFs-imprinted scaffold vehicles have recently been reported to promote the stability of BFs and enhance\u0000 their half-life in vivo. This review is focused on the incorporation of BFs into the modulated biomaterials with various forms of bone tissue engineering applications: firstly, rigid bone graft substitutes (BGSs) were used to imprint BFs for large scale bone defect repair; secondly,\u0000 the soft sponge-like scaffold carrying BFs is discussed as filling materials for the cavity of bone defects; thirdly, various injectable vehicles including hydrogel, nanoparticles, and microspheres for the delivery of BFs were also introduced for irregular bone fracture repair. Meanwhile,\u0000 the challenges for BFs-imprinted scaffold vehicles are also analyzed in this review.","PeriodicalId":431549,"journal":{"name":"BIO Integration","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133767637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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