Pub Date : 2002-10-29DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1193286
Son-cheol Yu, T. Ura, T. Sakamaki
In this paper, an automatic inspection method by AUVs (Autonomous Underwater Vehicles) is proposed. As an example, full-inspection of the bottom shell of IT Mega-Float (a very large floating artificial land which is located at Yokosuka) is addressed. The AUV moves by dead-reckoning navigation, while the position error is reset by a vision-based system using sacrificial anodes as a reference. These anodes are fitted at regular intervals to prevent corrosion of the structure. In order to identify a sacrificial anode that may also be covered with marine organisms, the parallel lighting method is proposed. Simulations of the proposed technique and field experiments have been carried out under the bottom of IT Mega-Float to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method.
{"title":"Recognition of sacrificial anodes using parallel lighting for fully automatic underwater inspection by autonomous underwater vehicles","authors":"Son-cheol Yu, T. Ura, T. Sakamaki","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1193286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1193286","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, an automatic inspection method by AUVs (Autonomous Underwater Vehicles) is proposed. As an example, full-inspection of the bottom shell of IT Mega-Float (a very large floating artificial land which is located at Yokosuka) is addressed. The AUV moves by dead-reckoning navigation, while the position error is reset by a vision-based system using sacrificial anodes as a reference. These anodes are fitted at regular intervals to prevent corrosion of the structure. In order to identify a sacrificial anode that may also be covered with marine organisms, the parallel lighting method is proposed. Simulations of the proposed technique and field experiments have been carried out under the bottom of IT Mega-Float to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":431594,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '02 MTS/IEEE","volume":"170 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116323658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-29DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191864
Guo Tao, M. Azimi-Sadjadi, A. Nevis
This paper is focused on the development of robust object segmentation and shape-dependent feature extraction methods for automatic water target classification and identification using electro-optical imagery data. The sensor used for acquiring the data is the Streak Tube Imaging Lidar (STIL) that offers both range and contrast images with high resolution. In this paper, the gradient vector flow (GVF) snake is employed to segment the detected objects. The snake converges to the actual object boundary and provides a closed contour of the object even when some of the edges are missing. To reduce the distortion as a result of missing edges, the union of the binary silhouettes for contrast and the range images is obtained. Zernike moments are then computed for the combined silhouette of the segmented object. These moments provide shape-dependent features with high discriminatory ability, which are invariant to object rotation, translation and size scaling in the image. This set of features is then used for target identification from the STIL imagery data. To aid discrimination of different objects with potentially similar shape dependent features, mean and variance of the contrast and range images are also computed within the closed contour and then used as additional features for classification. Then the extracted features are applied to a multi-layer back-propagation neural network (BPNN) that performs target classification/identification. Different neural network structures are tried to determine the optimum classifier. The effectiveness of the developed algorithms is demonstrated on several data sets and the corresponding confusion matrices are also developed.
{"title":"Underwater target identification using GVF snake and zernike moments","authors":"Guo Tao, M. Azimi-Sadjadi, A. Nevis","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191864","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is focused on the development of robust object segmentation and shape-dependent feature extraction methods for automatic water target classification and identification using electro-optical imagery data. The sensor used for acquiring the data is the Streak Tube Imaging Lidar (STIL) that offers both range and contrast images with high resolution. In this paper, the gradient vector flow (GVF) snake is employed to segment the detected objects. The snake converges to the actual object boundary and provides a closed contour of the object even when some of the edges are missing. To reduce the distortion as a result of missing edges, the union of the binary silhouettes for contrast and the range images is obtained. Zernike moments are then computed for the combined silhouette of the segmented object. These moments provide shape-dependent features with high discriminatory ability, which are invariant to object rotation, translation and size scaling in the image. This set of features is then used for target identification from the STIL imagery data. To aid discrimination of different objects with potentially similar shape dependent features, mean and variance of the contrast and range images are also computed within the closed contour and then used as additional features for classification. Then the extracted features are applied to a multi-layer back-propagation neural network (BPNN) that performs target classification/identification. Different neural network structures are tried to determine the optimum classifier. The effectiveness of the developed algorithms is demonstrated on several data sets and the corresponding confusion matrices are also developed.","PeriodicalId":431594,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '02 MTS/IEEE","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116343059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-29DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1192058
R. Rowsell, M. G. Skafel
As part of an in-house assessment of the quality of data collected by 3 different types of current meters routinely used at the National Water Research Institute (NWRI), a comparison deployment was undertaken. During the fall and winter of 2001-2002, two single-point current meters (a Nobska MAVS-3SL and a Sontek Hydra) and an acoustic Doppler current meter (RD Instruments 1200 kHz Workhorse ADCP Waves Array) were deployed in the southwest end of Lake Ontario. All 3 units were deployed on bottom mounted support frames within 100 metres of each other in 12 metres of water. The single-point devices measured approximately one metre off the bottom and the lowest bin of the ADCP was 0.5 metres higher in elevation. Ambient water temperatures ranged from approximately 2.5 to 11 /spl deg/C over the deployment period. Mean currents for each system compared favourably. Analysis of the individual components of velocity indicated a good comparison between the single-point current meters but the agreement with the two lowest ADCP bins was not as good. Short-term (single burst) velocity spectra from the MAVS and the Hydra showed good agreement during significant events. However, during quiet periods, the Hydra spectra had a fairly high noise floor, probably due to the reduced number of reflecting particles in the water. Comparison of directional wave data between the three sensor types showed good agreement of the characteristic wave height and fair to good agreement of the peak period and the peak direction.
{"title":"Comparison of current meters in a coastal environment","authors":"R. Rowsell, M. G. Skafel","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1192058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1192058","url":null,"abstract":"As part of an in-house assessment of the quality of data collected by 3 different types of current meters routinely used at the National Water Research Institute (NWRI), a comparison deployment was undertaken. During the fall and winter of 2001-2002, two single-point current meters (a Nobska MAVS-3SL and a Sontek Hydra) and an acoustic Doppler current meter (RD Instruments 1200 kHz Workhorse ADCP Waves Array) were deployed in the southwest end of Lake Ontario. All 3 units were deployed on bottom mounted support frames within 100 metres of each other in 12 metres of water. The single-point devices measured approximately one metre off the bottom and the lowest bin of the ADCP was 0.5 metres higher in elevation. Ambient water temperatures ranged from approximately 2.5 to 11 /spl deg/C over the deployment period. Mean currents for each system compared favourably. Analysis of the individual components of velocity indicated a good comparison between the single-point current meters but the agreement with the two lowest ADCP bins was not as good. Short-term (single burst) velocity spectra from the MAVS and the Hydra showed good agreement during significant events. However, during quiet periods, the Hydra spectra had a fairly high noise floor, probably due to the reduced number of reflecting particles in the water. Comparison of directional wave data between the three sensor types showed good agreement of the characteristic wave height and fair to good agreement of the peak period and the peak direction.","PeriodicalId":431594,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '02 MTS/IEEE","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116384273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-29DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191863
J.S. Taylor, P.S. Davis, L. B. Wolff
Research has shown that naturally occurring light outdoors and underwater is partially linearly polarized. The polarized component can be combined to form an image that describes the polarization of the light in the scene. This image is known as the degree of linear polarization image or partial polarization image. These naturally occurring polarization signatures can provide a diver or an unmanned underwater vehicle with more information to detect, classify and identify threats such as obstacles and/or mines in the shallow water environment. The SHallow water Real-time IMaging Polarimeter (SHRIMP), recently developed under sponsorship of Dr. Tom Swean at the Office of Naval research (Code 321OE), can measure underwater partial polarization imagery. This sensor is a passive, three-channel device that simultaneously measures the three components of the Stokes vector needed to determine the partial linear polarization of the scene. The testing of this vector has been completed and the data has been analyzed. This paper presents performance results from the field-testing and quantifies the gain provided by the partial polarization signature of targets in the very shallow water and surf zone regions.
{"title":"Underwater partial polarization signatures from the SHallow water Real-time IMaging Polarimeter (SHRIMP)","authors":"J.S. Taylor, P.S. Davis, L. B. Wolff","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191863","url":null,"abstract":"Research has shown that naturally occurring light outdoors and underwater is partially linearly polarized. The polarized component can be combined to form an image that describes the polarization of the light in the scene. This image is known as the degree of linear polarization image or partial polarization image. These naturally occurring polarization signatures can provide a diver or an unmanned underwater vehicle with more information to detect, classify and identify threats such as obstacles and/or mines in the shallow water environment. The SHallow water Real-time IMaging Polarimeter (SHRIMP), recently developed under sponsorship of Dr. Tom Swean at the Office of Naval research (Code 321OE), can measure underwater partial polarization imagery. This sensor is a passive, three-channel device that simultaneously measures the three components of the Stokes vector needed to determine the partial linear polarization of the scene. The testing of this vector has been completed and the data has been analyzed. This paper presents performance results from the field-testing and quantifies the gain provided by the partial polarization signature of targets in the very shallow water and surf zone regions.","PeriodicalId":431594,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '02 MTS/IEEE","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116791959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-29DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1193246
J. Salazar, M. Robinson, M. Azimi-Sadjadi
The problem of classification of underwater targets involves discrimination between mine-like and non-mine-like objects as well as the characterization of background clutter. To improve performance of a given classifier, usually multiple aspects will be fused together in some fashion. In this work, a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) is used to make the overall decision. The HMM is a very powerful tool for using multiple observations to make a decision, as no decision is made until all the evidence is presented. In the past several years, much attention has been given in the area of automatic speech recognition to using multilayer perceptron (MLP) networks for estimating certain probabilities in the HMM framework. Several approaches are taken to this MLP/HMM idea in this paper and the results are compared. The test results presented are obtained on a wideband acoustic backscattered data set collected using four different objects with 1 degree of aspect separation for two different bottom (smooth and rough) conditions.
{"title":"Multi-aspect discrimination of underwater mine-like object objects using hidden Markov models","authors":"J. Salazar, M. Robinson, M. Azimi-Sadjadi","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1193246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1193246","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of classification of underwater targets involves discrimination between mine-like and non-mine-like objects as well as the characterization of background clutter. To improve performance of a given classifier, usually multiple aspects will be fused together in some fashion. In this work, a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) is used to make the overall decision. The HMM is a very powerful tool for using multiple observations to make a decision, as no decision is made until all the evidence is presented. In the past several years, much attention has been given in the area of automatic speech recognition to using multilayer perceptron (MLP) networks for estimating certain probabilities in the HMM framework. Several approaches are taken to this MLP/HMM idea in this paper and the results are compared. The test results presented are obtained on a wideband acoustic backscattered data set collected using four different objects with 1 degree of aspect separation for two different bottom (smooth and rough) conditions.","PeriodicalId":431594,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '02 MTS/IEEE","volume":" 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120827811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-29DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1192013
S. Repetto, M. Palmese, A. Trucco
This paper describes methods for arranging acoustic images of the seafloor by projecting and interpolating data gathered with a novel front-scan sonar system. Two different projection methods have been devised: a simpler analytical solution and a more precise ray-tracing approach. In this paper, the ray-tracing approach will be investigated with special attention on the theoretical and practical difficulties arising out of the innovative application of a front-scan sonar system to seafloor imaging. In particular, specific strategies have been devised to minimize the number of acoustic rays necessary to provide a good matching with all the samples (differing in time and steering angle) acquired by the sonar systems. To exploit the projection results in order to obtain an image defined over a dense grid of pixels, an innovative interpolation algorithm, based on the generation of virtual beam signals (only where necessary) has been got ready. The proposed projection and interpolation methods have been tested, and comparisons have been made, using real data gathered with the front-scan sonar prototype during trials at sea. The joint application of the ray-tracing projection approach and the virtual-beams interpolation technique allows one to generate high-quality images, which can be merged to create a mosaic seafloor image. The precision and quality of the resulting mosaics confirm the high degree of effectiveness of the methods proposed in this paper to project acoustic data and interpolate single images.
{"title":"Projection and mosaicking of real data gathered with a front-scan sonar system","authors":"S. Repetto, M. Palmese, A. Trucco","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1192013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1192013","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes methods for arranging acoustic images of the seafloor by projecting and interpolating data gathered with a novel front-scan sonar system. Two different projection methods have been devised: a simpler analytical solution and a more precise ray-tracing approach. In this paper, the ray-tracing approach will be investigated with special attention on the theoretical and practical difficulties arising out of the innovative application of a front-scan sonar system to seafloor imaging. In particular, specific strategies have been devised to minimize the number of acoustic rays necessary to provide a good matching with all the samples (differing in time and steering angle) acquired by the sonar systems. To exploit the projection results in order to obtain an image defined over a dense grid of pixels, an innovative interpolation algorithm, based on the generation of virtual beam signals (only where necessary) has been got ready. The proposed projection and interpolation methods have been tested, and comparisons have been made, using real data gathered with the front-scan sonar prototype during trials at sea. The joint application of the ray-tracing projection approach and the virtual-beams interpolation technique allows one to generate high-quality images, which can be merged to create a mosaic seafloor image. The precision and quality of the resulting mosaics confirm the high degree of effectiveness of the methods proposed in this paper to project acoustic data and interpolate single images.","PeriodicalId":431594,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '02 MTS/IEEE","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124010988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-29DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191943
S. Tabeta, I. Jones, M. Heron
River inflow brings freshwater, silt and nutrients to the coastal ocean. When there are valuable economic resources such as coral reefs adjacent to the river mouth the fate of the freshwater and the nutrients contained therein are of considerable interest. Field experiments and numerical simulations were carried out to study the plume from the Herbert River, Queensland, Australia which flows through the Hinchinbrook estuary into the Great Barrier Reef Lagoon. Ground measurements were made through spring and neap tide conditions and flood and normal river flows in 1986 and 2002. Additionally airborne remote sensing by a Scanning Low-Frequency Microwave Radiometer (SLFMR) was conducted together with the ground measurement in 2002. A numerical model of the Hinchinbrook estuary and the region 15 km offshore has also been constructed, which was used to predict the stratified flow within the estuary during periods of river flood for the 1986 and the 2002 ground truth periods. The model shows that the freshwater plume follows the coast under typical flood conditions in agreement with the Salinity Mapping flights.
{"title":"Modelling and observation of tropical river inflow to the coastal ocean","authors":"S. Tabeta, I. Jones, M. Heron","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191943","url":null,"abstract":"River inflow brings freshwater, silt and nutrients to the coastal ocean. When there are valuable economic resources such as coral reefs adjacent to the river mouth the fate of the freshwater and the nutrients contained therein are of considerable interest. Field experiments and numerical simulations were carried out to study the plume from the Herbert River, Queensland, Australia which flows through the Hinchinbrook estuary into the Great Barrier Reef Lagoon. Ground measurements were made through spring and neap tide conditions and flood and normal river flows in 1986 and 2002. Additionally airborne remote sensing by a Scanning Low-Frequency Microwave Radiometer (SLFMR) was conducted together with the ground measurement in 2002. A numerical model of the Hinchinbrook estuary and the region 15 km offshore has also been constructed, which was used to predict the stratified flow within the estuary during periods of river flood for the 1986 and the 2002 ground truth periods. The model shows that the freshwater plume follows the coast under typical flood conditions in agreement with the Salinity Mapping flights.","PeriodicalId":431594,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '02 MTS/IEEE","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125931863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-29DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191835
S. Wong, J.P. Contillo, S. Molina, B. Mase
The photo identification of bottlenose dolphins is a non-invasive technique of tracking individual animals. It can provide data on the social affiliations, habitat usage, population structure, behavior, and birth/death rates of bottlenose dolphin in a study area. The Southeast Fisheries Science Center (SEFSC) has been conducting a long-term photo-ID program in Biscayne Bay, Florida. Previously, the data were managed in a desktop database, which was limited in capability in terms of data backup, security (e.g., computer virus), access to multiple users within the organization, and information sharing among peers with data from adjacent study areas. Information sharing can enhance our knowledge on the migration, habitat association, and population structure of the animals in a larger geographic area. To improve data management and access of bottlenose dolphin photo-ID information in the SEFSC database, and to facilitate efficient data sharing with other photo-ID research groups, we have developed an Oracle database application to enable data entry, update, categorization, search, and download of dolphin photo-ID information collected by SEFSC and our partners in south Florida. The data include scanned digital photos and associated attributes. The system has multiple levels of access rights: system administrator, partners, and the general public. These users access the system through Web browsers. Routine tasks such as data backup and virus protection are managed by the Oracle database administrator, thus allowing the fisheries researchers to focus on data quality control and analysis. The system also minimizes the effort experienced by fisheries researchers to maintain the Web site because information (images and attributes) submitted to the system can be shared instantly by the designated user community.
{"title":"Web-based data management and sharing of bottlenose dolphin photographic identification information","authors":"S. Wong, J.P. Contillo, S. Molina, B. Mase","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191835","url":null,"abstract":"The photo identification of bottlenose dolphins is a non-invasive technique of tracking individual animals. It can provide data on the social affiliations, habitat usage, population structure, behavior, and birth/death rates of bottlenose dolphin in a study area. The Southeast Fisheries Science Center (SEFSC) has been conducting a long-term photo-ID program in Biscayne Bay, Florida. Previously, the data were managed in a desktop database, which was limited in capability in terms of data backup, security (e.g., computer virus), access to multiple users within the organization, and information sharing among peers with data from adjacent study areas. Information sharing can enhance our knowledge on the migration, habitat association, and population structure of the animals in a larger geographic area. To improve data management and access of bottlenose dolphin photo-ID information in the SEFSC database, and to facilitate efficient data sharing with other photo-ID research groups, we have developed an Oracle database application to enable data entry, update, categorization, search, and download of dolphin photo-ID information collected by SEFSC and our partners in south Florida. The data include scanned digital photos and associated attributes. The system has multiple levels of access rights: system administrator, partners, and the general public. These users access the system through Web browsers. Routine tasks such as data backup and virus protection are managed by the Oracle database administrator, thus allowing the fisheries researchers to focus on data quality control and analysis. The system also minimizes the effort experienced by fisheries researchers to maintain the Web site because information (images and attributes) submitted to the system can be shared instantly by the designated user community.","PeriodicalId":431594,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '02 MTS/IEEE","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128324020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-29DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191902
A. Desilva, L. Atkinson, J.M. Prince
The National Academic Research Fleet is widely regarded as the most capable fleet in the world. Each year this fleet of vessels supports approximately 500 oceanographic research cruises in the waters surrounding the US as well as the global oceans. The Fleet consists of 27 ships ranging in size form 66 feet to 297 feet. Many of these ships entered service in the 1970s and early 1980s. In the next decade these ships will be approaching their projected retirement dates. Without ship replacement, projections indicate that by 2009 there will be a shortage of research ships. The Federal Oceanographic Facilities Committee (FOFC) report, Charting the Future for the National Academic Research Fleet (12/01), provides specific recommendations for fleet retirement and renewal. The process for implementing fleet renewal must begin now. The University-National Oceanographic Laboratory System (UNOLS) is the primary forum for planning and advice by the academic community regarding the facilities supporting ocean science research. Within UNOLS, the Fleet Improvement Committee (FIC) works to assure the continuing excellence of the UNOLS fleet and to assure that the number, mix and overall capability of the ships in the UNOLS fleet match the science requirements of the U.S. academic oceanographers. Renewal of the research fleet id FIC's highest priority. In the coming years, UNOLS along with the federal agencies will work together on implementation of a plan for fleet renewal. Past ship construction efforts have taken as long as ten years, planning must begin now to ensure that the facilities needed for future oceanographic research programs will be available. FIC has drafted a roadmap for implementing fleet renewal. The roadmap outlines the various design steps, responsibilities and timelines recommended for ship design and construction. Designing a fleet for the future that can accommodate the multidisciplinary projected research needs of a diverse community of scientists can be challenging. The roadmap outlines a strategy for a focused approach that ensures community involvement at all design stages. The implementation plan begins with the establishment of science mission requirements. Sea-going scientists who will ultimately use the platforms must define these requirements. The roadmap identifies the need for design feasibility checks and cost estimates for both construction and operation. It will allow consideration of new technologies and various hull forms. This paper will describe FIC's recommended roadmap for fleet renewal. It will focus in the process for developing science mission requirements and efforts currently underway within UNOLS.
{"title":"An implementation plan for renewal of the National Academic Research Fleet","authors":"A. Desilva, L. Atkinson, J.M. Prince","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191902","url":null,"abstract":"The National Academic Research Fleet is widely regarded as the most capable fleet in the world. Each year this fleet of vessels supports approximately 500 oceanographic research cruises in the waters surrounding the US as well as the global oceans. The Fleet consists of 27 ships ranging in size form 66 feet to 297 feet. Many of these ships entered service in the 1970s and early 1980s. In the next decade these ships will be approaching their projected retirement dates. Without ship replacement, projections indicate that by 2009 there will be a shortage of research ships. The Federal Oceanographic Facilities Committee (FOFC) report, Charting the Future for the National Academic Research Fleet (12/01), provides specific recommendations for fleet retirement and renewal. The process for implementing fleet renewal must begin now. The University-National Oceanographic Laboratory System (UNOLS) is the primary forum for planning and advice by the academic community regarding the facilities supporting ocean science research. Within UNOLS, the Fleet Improvement Committee (FIC) works to assure the continuing excellence of the UNOLS fleet and to assure that the number, mix and overall capability of the ships in the UNOLS fleet match the science requirements of the U.S. academic oceanographers. Renewal of the research fleet id FIC's highest priority. In the coming years, UNOLS along with the federal agencies will work together on implementation of a plan for fleet renewal. Past ship construction efforts have taken as long as ten years, planning must begin now to ensure that the facilities needed for future oceanographic research programs will be available. FIC has drafted a roadmap for implementing fleet renewal. The roadmap outlines the various design steps, responsibilities and timelines recommended for ship design and construction. Designing a fleet for the future that can accommodate the multidisciplinary projected research needs of a diverse community of scientists can be challenging. The roadmap outlines a strategy for a focused approach that ensures community involvement at all design stages. The implementation plan begins with the establishment of science mission requirements. Sea-going scientists who will ultimately use the platforms must define these requirements. The roadmap identifies the need for design feasibility checks and cost estimates for both construction and operation. It will allow consideration of new technologies and various hull forms. This paper will describe FIC's recommended roadmap for fleet renewal. It will focus in the process for developing science mission requirements and efforts currently underway within UNOLS.","PeriodicalId":431594,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '02 MTS/IEEE","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127390724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-29DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1192113
M. Katayama
Recently, waterfront areas have come to be utilized more and more by an increasing number of peoples for various purposes. Accompanying this change, various environmental problems inherent to waterfronts have surfaced in terms of the possibility of human activities in such areas, their habitability, and comfort levels in relation to humans. To develop a waterfront area as an attractive space, it is essential to ensure that the area has a comfortable natural environment. In other words, it is important to study physical factors and phenomena that greatly influence the natural environment, and human beings, are interrelated; and to compile, based on study findings, necessary concepts and techniques for realizing waterfront areas that are urban environments highly compatible with human activities. From this perspective, field measurements were conducted to establish the characteristics of wave sound at various waterfront locations, in terms of the comfort level of the acoustic environment. In front of the embankment of a final disposal site for industrial wastes developed as reclaimed land in Kitakyushu City, Japan, natural rocks were installed instead of artificial wave dissipating concrete blocks, in consideration of not only effectiveness in dissipating wave energy but also landscape. Measurements and questionnaire surveys were conducted for comparison of the fundamental characteristics of wave sounds at various types of waterfronts. It was found that not only a more natural sounding acoustic environment but also effective dissipation of wave energy similar to the characteristics of a natural coast could be achieved by placing natural rocks in front of an artificial embankment.
{"title":"Field measurement on the comfort level of acoustic environment in coastal zone","authors":"M. Katayama","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1192113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1192113","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, waterfront areas have come to be utilized more and more by an increasing number of peoples for various purposes. Accompanying this change, various environmental problems inherent to waterfronts have surfaced in terms of the possibility of human activities in such areas, their habitability, and comfort levels in relation to humans. To develop a waterfront area as an attractive space, it is essential to ensure that the area has a comfortable natural environment. In other words, it is important to study physical factors and phenomena that greatly influence the natural environment, and human beings, are interrelated; and to compile, based on study findings, necessary concepts and techniques for realizing waterfront areas that are urban environments highly compatible with human activities. From this perspective, field measurements were conducted to establish the characteristics of wave sound at various waterfront locations, in terms of the comfort level of the acoustic environment. In front of the embankment of a final disposal site for industrial wastes developed as reclaimed land in Kitakyushu City, Japan, natural rocks were installed instead of artificial wave dissipating concrete blocks, in consideration of not only effectiveness in dissipating wave energy but also landscape. Measurements and questionnaire surveys were conducted for comparison of the fundamental characteristics of wave sounds at various types of waterfronts. It was found that not only a more natural sounding acoustic environment but also effective dissipation of wave energy similar to the characteristics of a natural coast could be achieved by placing natural rocks in front of an artificial embankment.","PeriodicalId":431594,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '02 MTS/IEEE","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130211181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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