Pub Date : 2002-10-29DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1192049
P. May, J. Cummings, T. Hogan, T. Rosmond, M. Flatau, P. deWitt, R. Passi
The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is developing a coupled atmosphere-ocean forecast system by integrating several existing, proven atmospheric and oceanic forecasting components into a loosely coupled software system. The atmospheric system consists of the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS), a dynamic atmospheric forecast model initialized by a multivariate optimal interpolation assimilation scheme. The oceanic components of the system consists of the Coupled Ocean Data Assimilation (CODA), an ocean multivariate optimal interpolation program, and the Parallel Ocean Program (POP), a dynamic ocean model that originated at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. In a set of six-month simulations POP is run on a global grid and loosely coupled to NOGAPS, running at resolution, through forecast momentum, heat, and moisture fluxes. NOGAPS is loosely coupled to the ocean by a daily analysis of sea-surface temperature. Ocean data are assimilated through incremental updates of temperature, salinity, velocity and height fields from an analysis run on the same grid as the model, a method widely used in operational atmospheric models. The entire system is designed to run at least once a day and produce 5-10 day forecasts of the ocean and atmosphere for operational use by the Navy. The system is robust and produces a skillful forecast as judged by comparisons with independent data.
{"title":"Preliminary results from a global ocean/atmosphere prediction system","authors":"P. May, J. Cummings, T. Hogan, T. Rosmond, M. Flatau, P. deWitt, R. Passi","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1192049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1192049","url":null,"abstract":"The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is developing a coupled atmosphere-ocean forecast system by integrating several existing, proven atmospheric and oceanic forecasting components into a loosely coupled software system. The atmospheric system consists of the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS), a dynamic atmospheric forecast model initialized by a multivariate optimal interpolation assimilation scheme. The oceanic components of the system consists of the Coupled Ocean Data Assimilation (CODA), an ocean multivariate optimal interpolation program, and the Parallel Ocean Program (POP), a dynamic ocean model that originated at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. In a set of six-month simulations POP is run on a global grid and loosely coupled to NOGAPS, running at resolution, through forecast momentum, heat, and moisture fluxes. NOGAPS is loosely coupled to the ocean by a daily analysis of sea-surface temperature. Ocean data are assimilated through incremental updates of temperature, salinity, velocity and height fields from an analysis run on the same grid as the model, a method widely used in operational atmospheric models. The entire system is designed to run at least once a day and produce 5-10 day forecasts of the ocean and atmosphere for operational use by the Navy. The system is robust and produces a skillful forecast as judged by comparisons with independent data.","PeriodicalId":431594,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '02 MTS/IEEE","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121725048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-29DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191867
A. Olmos, E. Trucco, D. Lane
We present a system detecting the presence of man-made objects in unconstrained subsea videos. This presents a significant challenge because nothing is assumed about the possible orientation or location of the objects and because of the generally poor underwater image quality. Classification is based on contours, which are reasonably stable features in underwater imagery. First, the system determines automatically an optimal scale for contour extraction by optimising a quality metric. Second, a classifier determines whether the image contains man-made objects or not. The features used capture general properties of man-made structures using measures inspired by perceptual organisation. Using a Support Vector Machines (SVM) classifier the system classified correctly approximately 77% of the image-frames containing man-made objects belonging to five different underwater videos, in spite of the varying image contents, poor quality and generality of the classification task.
{"title":"Automatic man-made object detection with intensity cameras","authors":"A. Olmos, E. Trucco, D. Lane","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191867","url":null,"abstract":"We present a system detecting the presence of man-made objects in unconstrained subsea videos. This presents a significant challenge because nothing is assumed about the possible orientation or location of the objects and because of the generally poor underwater image quality. Classification is based on contours, which are reasonably stable features in underwater imagery. First, the system determines automatically an optimal scale for contour extraction by optimising a quality metric. Second, a classifier determines whether the image contains man-made objects or not. The features used capture general properties of man-made structures using measures inspired by perceptual organisation. Using a Support Vector Machines (SVM) classifier the system classified correctly approximately 77% of the image-frames containing man-made objects belonging to five different underwater videos, in spite of the varying image contents, poor quality and generality of the classification task.","PeriodicalId":431594,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '02 MTS/IEEE","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123991037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-29DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1192080
J. C. Cranford, D. Oliver, P.D. Wilz, M. Woodward
The Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) runs the Wave Model (WAM) and Steady-State Spectral Wave Model (STWAVE) in many areas throughout the world. Nearly 60 different areas need to be run two times a day, and around 90 graphical products are produced and displayed on the World Wide Web. To assist operational modelers set up and maintain the model run stream, we have devised a Web based GUI. Recent improvements in the NAVOCEANO wave model run stream allow creation of such a GUI in a logical manner. Therefore, the authors will first review these recent improvements and show how they allow easier interface with a GUI. These improvements include a stable WAM and STWAVE run stream, lists of model domains kept in flat files similar to database tables, and robust scripts that run WAM and STWAVE. These improvements are the basis for the GUI. The GUI uses a number of free packages including the LINUX operating system, the Apache Web server, the MySQL database server, and the Generic Mapping Tools. The GUI contains a number of distinct tables corresponding to distinct model objects. Examples of objects include WAM models, WAM graphics, and WAM output spectra. Each object has a distinct set of associated widgets, associated constraints, and associated routines used to construct the model object. Widgets, constraints, and routines are also stored in a relational database. The GUI operates through a series of four procedures. The functionality of the system comes from entering and changing entries in the database tables. By being able to add widgets and constraints by adding entries into a database table, we save a great deal of time. To add new model objects, users create a new table and tie in creation subroutines around the new object. A meta GUI runs on top of the GUI to automate this process. The authors will demonstrate features of the interface. We will show screen shots demonstrating the set up of a typical WAM model. The authors discuss strengths and weaknesses of their approach against other approaches.
{"title":"A Web-based GUI for the set up and maintenance of the wave models at the naval oceanographic office","authors":"J. C. Cranford, D. Oliver, P.D. Wilz, M. Woodward","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1192080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1192080","url":null,"abstract":"The Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) runs the Wave Model (WAM) and Steady-State Spectral Wave Model (STWAVE) in many areas throughout the world. Nearly 60 different areas need to be run two times a day, and around 90 graphical products are produced and displayed on the World Wide Web. To assist operational modelers set up and maintain the model run stream, we have devised a Web based GUI. Recent improvements in the NAVOCEANO wave model run stream allow creation of such a GUI in a logical manner. Therefore, the authors will first review these recent improvements and show how they allow easier interface with a GUI. These improvements include a stable WAM and STWAVE run stream, lists of model domains kept in flat files similar to database tables, and robust scripts that run WAM and STWAVE. These improvements are the basis for the GUI. The GUI uses a number of free packages including the LINUX operating system, the Apache Web server, the MySQL database server, and the Generic Mapping Tools. The GUI contains a number of distinct tables corresponding to distinct model objects. Examples of objects include WAM models, WAM graphics, and WAM output spectra. Each object has a distinct set of associated widgets, associated constraints, and associated routines used to construct the model object. Widgets, constraints, and routines are also stored in a relational database. The GUI operates through a series of four procedures. The functionality of the system comes from entering and changing entries in the database tables. By being able to add widgets and constraints by adding entries into a database table, we save a great deal of time. To add new model objects, users create a new table and tie in creation subroutines around the new object. A meta GUI runs on top of the GUI to automate this process. The authors will demonstrate features of the interface. We will show screen shots demonstrating the set up of a typical WAM model. The authors discuss strengths and weaknesses of their approach against other approaches.","PeriodicalId":431594,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '02 MTS/IEEE","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124020943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-29DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1193251
D. Frye, N. Hogg, C. Wunsch
A new moored measurement system (ULTRAMOOR) has been developed whose aim is to reduce the cost and effort associated with making sustained in situ observations, especially in remote parts of the oceans. Present mooring technology, which typically requires annual, or at best biennial, maintenance and employs internally recording instruments, does not meet existing or future needs for timely, cost-effective data. ULTRAMOOR is designed for unattended deployments of five years or more with regular data updates from instruments positioned throughout the water column. It eliminates the requirement for frequently scheduled maintenance, which is an important factor in the total cost of long-term monitoring programs. While the initial ULTRAMOOR has been instrumented with current and temperature sensors, the design is compatible with a variety of low power instruments with digital data output. We envision the system as a prototype for a new generation of potentially expendable mooring types whose instruments spend almost all of their working lives at sea. ULTRAMOOR is a subsurface mooring equipped with a combination of modern acoustic current meters and current profilers. Each instrument transfers its data to an acoustic modem, which forwards these data to a central receiver. The central receiver then loads the data into an array of expendable data capsules, which release themselves at scheduled intervals throughout the deployment period and float to the surface. Once on the surface, they transmit their stored data via small satellite transmitters. The prototype ULTRAMOOR has been deployed successfully on two occasions. The long-term test mooring is instrumented with six acoustic current meters. Three of the ten data capsules have surfaced since the deployment and have provided high quality data from five of the six current meters. Remaining data capsules are scheduled to release at six-month intervals until November 2004. Preliminary results indicate that the acoustic links are working flawlessly, that eight of the ten data capsules are functioning normally, and that the data in the capsules are true representations of the data collected by the individual instruments.
{"title":"Design and operation of a long-duration mooring for ocean observations","authors":"D. Frye, N. Hogg, C. Wunsch","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1193251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1193251","url":null,"abstract":"A new moored measurement system (ULTRAMOOR) has been developed whose aim is to reduce the cost and effort associated with making sustained in situ observations, especially in remote parts of the oceans. Present mooring technology, which typically requires annual, or at best biennial, maintenance and employs internally recording instruments, does not meet existing or future needs for timely, cost-effective data. ULTRAMOOR is designed for unattended deployments of five years or more with regular data updates from instruments positioned throughout the water column. It eliminates the requirement for frequently scheduled maintenance, which is an important factor in the total cost of long-term monitoring programs. While the initial ULTRAMOOR has been instrumented with current and temperature sensors, the design is compatible with a variety of low power instruments with digital data output. We envision the system as a prototype for a new generation of potentially expendable mooring types whose instruments spend almost all of their working lives at sea. ULTRAMOOR is a subsurface mooring equipped with a combination of modern acoustic current meters and current profilers. Each instrument transfers its data to an acoustic modem, which forwards these data to a central receiver. The central receiver then loads the data into an array of expendable data capsules, which release themselves at scheduled intervals throughout the deployment period and float to the surface. Once on the surface, they transmit their stored data via small satellite transmitters. The prototype ULTRAMOOR has been deployed successfully on two occasions. The long-term test mooring is instrumented with six acoustic current meters. Three of the ten data capsules have surfaced since the deployment and have provided high quality data from five of the six current meters. Remaining data capsules are scheduled to release at six-month intervals until November 2004. Preliminary results indicate that the acoustic links are working flawlessly, that eight of the ten data capsules are functioning normally, and that the data in the capsules are true representations of the data collected by the individual instruments.","PeriodicalId":431594,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '02 MTS/IEEE","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123997401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-29DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191960
A. Chiang, S. R. Broadstone, J. Impagliazzo
Jeralech Corporation is developing an electronic-sonar system for 3D imaging to be integrated into low power, compact marine vehicles. This sonar system fulfills operational requirements for mine identification while preserving the vehicle's ability to conduct extended range missions. The capability of the sonar is a result of the development of application specific integrated circuits based on Teratech's proprietary Charge Domain Processing (CDP) technology. The intended application is for reconnaissance in shallow and very-shallow waters.
{"title":"A portable, electronic-focusing sonar system for AUVs using 2D sparse-array technology","authors":"A. Chiang, S. R. Broadstone, J. Impagliazzo","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191960","url":null,"abstract":"Jeralech Corporation is developing an electronic-sonar system for 3D imaging to be integrated into low power, compact marine vehicles. This sonar system fulfills operational requirements for mine identification while preserving the vehicle's ability to conduct extended range missions. The capability of the sonar is a result of the development of application specific integrated circuits based on Teratech's proprietary Charge Domain Processing (CDP) technology. The intended application is for reconnaissance in shallow and very-shallow waters.","PeriodicalId":431594,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '02 MTS/IEEE","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122629976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-29DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191978
D. Rouseff, C. V. Leigh
Brekhovskikhi and Lysanov introduced the concept of a "waveguide invariant" to a broader audience. Assuming a horizontal array and incoherent processing, they showed how the measured acoustic intensity produced by a distant source would exhibit striations when plotted versus range and frequency. The striations are a consequence of interference between the propagating acoustic modes. A similar interference effect can also be observed when the measured data are processed coherently as with a beamformer. In practice, a passive sonar system often displays its beamformed output as a spectrum evolving in time. These plots, called LOFARgrams, are typically generated in multiple look-directions of the beamformer. In the present work, the striations observed in LOFARgrams are related to those observed with incoherent processing. Equations are derived for the trajectories of the striations. Numerical examples are presented. Sources located both above and below a thermocline are considered.
{"title":"Using the waveguide invariant to analyze Lofargrams","authors":"D. Rouseff, C. V. Leigh","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191978","url":null,"abstract":"Brekhovskikhi and Lysanov introduced the concept of a \"waveguide invariant\" to a broader audience. Assuming a horizontal array and incoherent processing, they showed how the measured acoustic intensity produced by a distant source would exhibit striations when plotted versus range and frequency. The striations are a consequence of interference between the propagating acoustic modes. A similar interference effect can also be observed when the measured data are processed coherently as with a beamformer. In practice, a passive sonar system often displays its beamformed output as a spectrum evolving in time. These plots, called LOFARgrams, are typically generated in multiple look-directions of the beamformer. In the present work, the striations observed in LOFARgrams are related to those observed with incoherent processing. Equations are derived for the trajectories of the striations. Numerical examples are presented. Sources located both above and below a thermocline are considered.","PeriodicalId":431594,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '02 MTS/IEEE","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128254643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-29DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1193323
W. Corson, J. Rhee, L. Lillycrop, P. Robinson
In support of the U.S. Army Engineer District, Mobile's Pascagoula Harbor dredged material management plan studies, two directional (DWG) and one non-directional wave gages were deployed offshore of Pascagoula MS. MS00N (the non-directional gage) and MS002 (a DWG; were deployed adjacent to Pascagoula Channel range marker "B" platform. MS001 (also a DWG) was deployed in the Gulf of Mexico approximately 2,000 ft offshore of Petit Bois Island, near Horn Island Pass. The data were used in an assessment of the validity of numerically generated estimates. The data also provide details of vessel wakes for the location adjacent to the channel.
为了支持美国陆军工程区，莫比勒的帕斯卡古拉港疏浚材料管理计划研究，在帕斯卡古拉ms近海部署了两个定向(DWG)和一个非定向波计MS00N(非定向波计)和MS002 (DWG;部署在帕斯卡古拉海峡范围标记“B”平台附近。MS001(也是DWG)部署在墨西哥湾的Petit Bois岛近海约2000英尺处，靠近Horn Island Pass。这些数据用于评估数值生成估计的有效性。这些数据还提供了靠近航道位置的船只尾迹的详细信息。
{"title":"Water-level and directional wave data collection in Mississippi Sound and the Gulf of Mexico near Pascagoula, MS","authors":"W. Corson, J. Rhee, L. Lillycrop, P. Robinson","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1193323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1193323","url":null,"abstract":"In support of the U.S. Army Engineer District, Mobile's Pascagoula Harbor dredged material management plan studies, two directional (DWG) and one non-directional wave gages were deployed offshore of Pascagoula MS. MS00N (the non-directional gage) and MS002 (a DWG; were deployed adjacent to Pascagoula Channel range marker \"B\" platform. MS001 (also a DWG) was deployed in the Gulf of Mexico approximately 2,000 ft offshore of Petit Bois Island, near Horn Island Pass. The data were used in an assessment of the validity of numerically generated estimates. The data also provide details of vessel wakes for the location adjacent to the channel.","PeriodicalId":431594,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '02 MTS/IEEE","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129451642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-29DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1192073
H. J. Herring, J. Blaha
Specific formulations for performance metrics to be used to compare model fields with various types of observation are proposed, including metrics that are appropriate for current meter data, hydrographic cast data, Lagrangian drifter data and satellite sea surface height and sea surface temperature data. The key element in the formulation of each of these metrics is the recognition of the fact that the salient features of the actual circulation may exist in the model fields but not always in the correct geographical location. Therefore, the proposed metrics record both the accuracy with which the model reproduces the feature, in the form of a correlation, and the relative location of the model simulated feature, in the form of a displacement. The result is considerably more informative and useful than the conventional comparison where a correlation between the data and the model field at the same geographical location is shown to be small and, therefore, the skill of the model is judged to be low. Also addressed is the essential difference between the data from in situ observations and variable fields calculated using a numerical model. An approximate method of treating the in situ data is proposed to make the comparison between in situ data and model results more meaningful.
{"title":"Performance metrics and skill assessment methods demonstrated using numerical model results for the Gulf of Mexico","authors":"H. J. Herring, J. Blaha","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1192073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1192073","url":null,"abstract":"Specific formulations for performance metrics to be used to compare model fields with various types of observation are proposed, including metrics that are appropriate for current meter data, hydrographic cast data, Lagrangian drifter data and satellite sea surface height and sea surface temperature data. The key element in the formulation of each of these metrics is the recognition of the fact that the salient features of the actual circulation may exist in the model fields but not always in the correct geographical location. Therefore, the proposed metrics record both the accuracy with which the model reproduces the feature, in the form of a correlation, and the relative location of the model simulated feature, in the form of a displacement. The result is considerably more informative and useful than the conventional comparison where a correlation between the data and the model field at the same geographical location is shown to be small and, therefore, the skill of the model is judged to be low. Also addressed is the essential difference between the data from in situ observations and variable fields calculated using a numerical model. An approximate method of treating the in situ data is proposed to make the comparison between in situ data and model results more meaningful.","PeriodicalId":431594,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '02 MTS/IEEE","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130564440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-29DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1193261
D. Diaz, K. Cuevas, M. Buchanan, S. Gordon, W. S. Perret
Oyster harvest from Mississippi reefs provide jobs for numerous fishermen and contribute substantially to the economy. Proper management of these reefs is vital for continued harvest. Enhancement management techniques (i.e. cultch planting and/or cultivation) should helps to ensure even greater future production. Cultch planting is a key component of management measures conducted by the Mississippi Department of Marine Resources (MDMR). Cultch plants are typically evaluated with sounding poles, tongs, dredges or scuba equipment. These methods are not very efficient when surveying large areas for coverage rates or distribution of materials. Using side scan sonar to monitor cultch plants has a number of advantages over these methods. Side scan sonar can cover large areas in less time, provide accurate measurements of coverage, and simultaneously provide differential GPS coordinates. Information acquired from side scan sonar provides a long-term record, which can be used to detect changes due to environmental catastrophes, vessel groundings and/or harvest pressure. A side scan sonar survey was performed before cultch planting on the St. Joseph cultch plant site located in the western MS Sound. The side scan sonar was also used to evaluate two barge groundings sites. The data was processed and input in a mosaic software program for further analysis. This paper will demonstrate the abilities of side scan sonar as a tool for oyster reef management.
密西西比珊瑚礁的牡蛎收获为许多渔民提供了就业机会，并对经济做出了重大贡献。对这些珊瑚礁进行适当的管理对持续的捕捞至关重要。加强管理技术(即栽培种植和/或栽培)应有助于确保未来更大的产量。Cultch种植是密西西比州海洋资源部(MDMR)实施的管理措施的关键组成部分。Cultch植物通常用测深杆、钳、挖泥船或水肺设备进行评估。在测量大面积的覆盖率或材料分布时，这些方法不是很有效。与这些方法相比，使用侧扫声纳监测培养植物有许多优点。侧扫声纳可以在更短的时间内覆盖大面积，提供精确的覆盖测量，并同时提供差分GPS坐标。从侧扫声纳获取的信息提供了一个长期记录，可用于检测由于环境灾难、船舶接地和/或收获压力造成的变化。在位于MS Sound西部的St. Joseph cultch工厂种植之前，进行了侧扫声纳调查。侧扫声纳也被用来评估两个驳船停泊点。这些数据被处理并输入到一个马赛克软件程序中进行进一步分析。本文将论证侧扫声纳作为牡蛎礁管理工具的能力。
{"title":"Side scan sonar in oyster management","authors":"D. Diaz, K. Cuevas, M. Buchanan, S. Gordon, W. S. Perret","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1193261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1193261","url":null,"abstract":"Oyster harvest from Mississippi reefs provide jobs for numerous fishermen and contribute substantially to the economy. Proper management of these reefs is vital for continued harvest. Enhancement management techniques (i.e. cultch planting and/or cultivation) should helps to ensure even greater future production. Cultch planting is a key component of management measures conducted by the Mississippi Department of Marine Resources (MDMR). Cultch plants are typically evaluated with sounding poles, tongs, dredges or scuba equipment. These methods are not very efficient when surveying large areas for coverage rates or distribution of materials. Using side scan sonar to monitor cultch plants has a number of advantages over these methods. Side scan sonar can cover large areas in less time, provide accurate measurements of coverage, and simultaneously provide differential GPS coordinates. Information acquired from side scan sonar provides a long-term record, which can be used to detect changes due to environmental catastrophes, vessel groundings and/or harvest pressure. A side scan sonar survey was performed before cultch planting on the St. Joseph cultch plant site located in the western MS Sound. The side scan sonar was also used to evaluate two barge groundings sites. The data was processed and input in a mosaic software program for further analysis. This paper will demonstrate the abilities of side scan sonar as a tool for oyster reef management.","PeriodicalId":431594,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '02 MTS/IEEE","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130856799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-29DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1192133
J. Harbour
Offshore hydrocarbon exploration, production, and transport capabilities represent critical national and international energy assets and infrastructures. As such, ensuring their continued protection against a diverse array of threats represents a top priority among government and industrial organizations alike. A first step in offering such assurances is the ability to conduct realistic vulnerability assessments of these key offshore assets and to evaluate various response capabilities. A recently developed tool (RapidOPs) and associated method for evaluating vulnerabilities and response effectiveness is described. RapidOps links time- and probability-based modeling in a graphic, intuitive, easy-to-use, and field deployable computer-assisted environment. This paper summarizes the basic concepts associated with assessing vulnerabilities and counter-response capabilities, especially related to deliberate, malevolent attacks. It then describes and illustrates the salient and applicable features of RapidOps and demonstrates how it can be specifically applied to assessing offshore vulnerabilities and response capabilities.
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