Pub Date : 2002-10-29DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1193261
D. Diaz, K. Cuevas, M. Buchanan, S. Gordon, W. S. Perret
Oyster harvest from Mississippi reefs provide jobs for numerous fishermen and contribute substantially to the economy. Proper management of these reefs is vital for continued harvest. Enhancement management techniques (i.e. cultch planting and/or cultivation) should helps to ensure even greater future production. Cultch planting is a key component of management measures conducted by the Mississippi Department of Marine Resources (MDMR). Cultch plants are typically evaluated with sounding poles, tongs, dredges or scuba equipment. These methods are not very efficient when surveying large areas for coverage rates or distribution of materials. Using side scan sonar to monitor cultch plants has a number of advantages over these methods. Side scan sonar can cover large areas in less time, provide accurate measurements of coverage, and simultaneously provide differential GPS coordinates. Information acquired from side scan sonar provides a long-term record, which can be used to detect changes due to environmental catastrophes, vessel groundings and/or harvest pressure. A side scan sonar survey was performed before cultch planting on the St. Joseph cultch plant site located in the western MS Sound. The side scan sonar was also used to evaluate two barge groundings sites. The data was processed and input in a mosaic software program for further analysis. This paper will demonstrate the abilities of side scan sonar as a tool for oyster reef management.
密西西比珊瑚礁的牡蛎收获为许多渔民提供了就业机会，并对经济做出了重大贡献。对这些珊瑚礁进行适当的管理对持续的捕捞至关重要。加强管理技术(即栽培种植和/或栽培)应有助于确保未来更大的产量。Cultch种植是密西西比州海洋资源部(MDMR)实施的管理措施的关键组成部分。Cultch植物通常用测深杆、钳、挖泥船或水肺设备进行评估。在测量大面积的覆盖率或材料分布时，这些方法不是很有效。与这些方法相比，使用侧扫声纳监测培养植物有许多优点。侧扫声纳可以在更短的时间内覆盖大面积，提供精确的覆盖测量，并同时提供差分GPS坐标。从侧扫声纳获取的信息提供了一个长期记录，可用于检测由于环境灾难、船舶接地和/或收获压力造成的变化。在位于MS Sound西部的St. Joseph cultch工厂种植之前，进行了侧扫声纳调查。侧扫声纳也被用来评估两个驳船停泊点。这些数据被处理并输入到一个马赛克软件程序中进行进一步分析。本文将论证侧扫声纳作为牡蛎礁管理工具的能力。
{"title":"Side scan sonar in oyster management","authors":"D. Diaz, K. Cuevas, M. Buchanan, S. Gordon, W. S. Perret","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1193261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1193261","url":null,"abstract":"Oyster harvest from Mississippi reefs provide jobs for numerous fishermen and contribute substantially to the economy. Proper management of these reefs is vital for continued harvest. Enhancement management techniques (i.e. cultch planting and/or cultivation) should helps to ensure even greater future production. Cultch planting is a key component of management measures conducted by the Mississippi Department of Marine Resources (MDMR). Cultch plants are typically evaluated with sounding poles, tongs, dredges or scuba equipment. These methods are not very efficient when surveying large areas for coverage rates or distribution of materials. Using side scan sonar to monitor cultch plants has a number of advantages over these methods. Side scan sonar can cover large areas in less time, provide accurate measurements of coverage, and simultaneously provide differential GPS coordinates. Information acquired from side scan sonar provides a long-term record, which can be used to detect changes due to environmental catastrophes, vessel groundings and/or harvest pressure. A side scan sonar survey was performed before cultch planting on the St. Joseph cultch plant site located in the western MS Sound. The side scan sonar was also used to evaluate two barge groundings sites. The data was processed and input in a mosaic software program for further analysis. This paper will demonstrate the abilities of side scan sonar as a tool for oyster reef management.","PeriodicalId":431594,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '02 MTS/IEEE","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130856799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-29DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191831
T. Shimura, Y. Amitani, T. Sawa, Y. Watanabe
SHINKAI6500, a manned-submersible possessed by JAMSTEC (Japan Marine Science and Technology Center) has made great results for 10 years since it started operation. Recently the sophisticated ship maneuvering technology has been required such as hovering under irregular current or moving along obstacles like a wall. The response of thrusters equipped with SHINKAI6500 in present is not so fast because they were mainly designed to move the vehicle straightly and to reduce the radiation noise. Moreover they are manipulated individually, so it is difficult to do operations as mentioned and depends on operator's skills. Then this study was carried out as a basic research to develop the propulsion maneuvering system that enables quick motion and advanced position attitude control using multiple rapid response thrusters and to reduce the burden of operators by using automatic control with those thrusters. First in this study, to improve the response of thrusters, experimental thrusters were developed and real sea test at which they were equipped with SHINKAI6500 temporarily was executed. It was ensured that the thrust and response of the thrusters are adequate and they can sufficiently improve the motion response of the vehicle. Secondly in order to get more precise positioning compared with conventional acoustic positioning system, the test to use Doppler sonar as a positioning sensor by measuring the relative velocity to the bottom was executed. It was verified that it is possible to get enough accuracy. At last, the test of station-keeping control on the forward-backward direction was tried as a basic test that the vehicle motion was controlled by automatic control. In this test, "optimum control" of modern control algorithm was adopted as an algorithm generally used, and in addition, the "Ossman's adaptive control" algorithm was used to better position control accuracy. The results shows that it is possible to keep position at the high accuracy that 2/spl sigma/ is 4-5 mm.
{"title":"A basic research on the improvement of propulsion maneuvering system and the automatic motion control of SHINKAI6500","authors":"T. Shimura, Y. Amitani, T. Sawa, Y. Watanabe","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191831","url":null,"abstract":"SHINKAI6500, a manned-submersible possessed by JAMSTEC (Japan Marine Science and Technology Center) has made great results for 10 years since it started operation. Recently the sophisticated ship maneuvering technology has been required such as hovering under irregular current or moving along obstacles like a wall. The response of thrusters equipped with SHINKAI6500 in present is not so fast because they were mainly designed to move the vehicle straightly and to reduce the radiation noise. Moreover they are manipulated individually, so it is difficult to do operations as mentioned and depends on operator's skills. Then this study was carried out as a basic research to develop the propulsion maneuvering system that enables quick motion and advanced position attitude control using multiple rapid response thrusters and to reduce the burden of operators by using automatic control with those thrusters. First in this study, to improve the response of thrusters, experimental thrusters were developed and real sea test at which they were equipped with SHINKAI6500 temporarily was executed. It was ensured that the thrust and response of the thrusters are adequate and they can sufficiently improve the motion response of the vehicle. Secondly in order to get more precise positioning compared with conventional acoustic positioning system, the test to use Doppler sonar as a positioning sensor by measuring the relative velocity to the bottom was executed. It was verified that it is possible to get enough accuracy. At last, the test of station-keeping control on the forward-backward direction was tried as a basic test that the vehicle motion was controlled by automatic control. In this test, \"optimum control\" of modern control algorithm was adopted as an algorithm generally used, and in addition, the \"Ossman's adaptive control\" algorithm was used to better position control accuracy. The results shows that it is possible to keep position at the high accuracy that 2/spl sigma/ is 4-5 mm.","PeriodicalId":431594,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '02 MTS/IEEE","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131302852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-29DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191840
K. Scarbrough, M. Revesz, M. Thompson
Sonar performance predictions often ignore the aspect dependence of target strength and echo return signal structure. In many cases, a single value is used to represent the target strength of a particular target or target type, or at best, a random fluctuation is attributed to the received target echo level on successive pings. Inclusion of the actual target aspect dependence is a straightforward procedure for a single ping sonar-mine encounter, given measured target strength over sufficient aspect angles. Estimation of multiping detector performance is somewhat more complicated when multiple looks at the target echo level and/or signal structure are available. This paper describes a procedure that uses measured target strength data to generate Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curves describing expected sonar performance over a specified number of pings and arbitrary aspect angle sector width.
{"title":"Multiping detection performance against bottom mines","authors":"K. Scarbrough, M. Revesz, M. Thompson","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191840","url":null,"abstract":"Sonar performance predictions often ignore the aspect dependence of target strength and echo return signal structure. In many cases, a single value is used to represent the target strength of a particular target or target type, or at best, a random fluctuation is attributed to the received target echo level on successive pings. Inclusion of the actual target aspect dependence is a straightforward procedure for a single ping sonar-mine encounter, given measured target strength over sufficient aspect angles. Estimation of multiping detector performance is somewhat more complicated when multiple looks at the target echo level and/or signal structure are available. This paper describes a procedure that uses measured target strength data to generate Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curves describing expected sonar performance over a specified number of pings and arbitrary aspect angle sector width.","PeriodicalId":431594,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '02 MTS/IEEE","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130134513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-29DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1192146
R. Ladner, F. Petry
Data mining or knowledge discovery refers to a variety of techniques having the intent of uncovering useful patterns and association from large databases. We have been working with data mining techniques for a variety of oceanographic data and have encountered a number of troublesome issues relative to available data. We describe the steps preparatory to data mining and three data mining techniques that we have applied to spatio-temporal data. We include a detailed review of various sources of geospatial, oceanographic and meteorological data and associated issues inherent in their use in knowledge discovery. We also provide issues relevant to the difficulties in providing an overall integration of this heterogeneous data for knowledge discovery.
{"title":"Knowledge discovery in oceanographic databases: issues of complications in data sources","authors":"R. Ladner, F. Petry","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1192146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1192146","url":null,"abstract":"Data mining or knowledge discovery refers to a variety of techniques having the intent of uncovering useful patterns and association from large databases. We have been working with data mining techniques for a variety of oceanographic data and have encountered a number of troublesome issues relative to available data. We describe the steps preparatory to data mining and three data mining techniques that we have applied to spatio-temporal data. We include a detailed review of various sources of geospatial, oceanographic and meteorological data and associated issues inherent in their use in knowledge discovery. We also provide issues relevant to the difficulties in providing an overall integration of this heterogeneous data for knowledge discovery.","PeriodicalId":431594,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '02 MTS/IEEE","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121912115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-29DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1193336
E. Voudouri-Maniati
This paper proposes a receiver implementation that uses robust techniques on top of direct sequence code division to eliminate multiple access interference in an underwater acoustic environment. Computation of error probabilities and Asymptotic Relative Efficiencies with respect to other single user or multiuser detectors for various channels and contaminated heavy tailed noise distributions demonstrates that the proposed detectors maintain a nearly optimum performance regardless of the degree of noise contamination. It is also confirmed that the detector structure is insignificantly influenced by unspecified variations in noise densities. Moreover, the theory of the proposed techniques can be easily extended to multichannel processing to provide space diversity.
{"title":"Multiuser robust CDMA detection for underwater acoustic communication channels","authors":"E. Voudouri-Maniati","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1193336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1193336","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a receiver implementation that uses robust techniques on top of direct sequence code division to eliminate multiple access interference in an underwater acoustic environment. Computation of error probabilities and Asymptotic Relative Efficiencies with respect to other single user or multiuser detectors for various channels and contaminated heavy tailed noise distributions demonstrates that the proposed detectors maintain a nearly optimum performance regardless of the degree of noise contamination. It is also confirmed that the detector structure is insignificantly influenced by unspecified variations in noise densities. Moreover, the theory of the proposed techniques can be easily extended to multichannel processing to provide space diversity.","PeriodicalId":431594,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '02 MTS/IEEE","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122340332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-29DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1192006
D. Rouseff, J. Flynn, W. Fox, J. Ritcey
Passive Phase Conjugation is a method for coherent underwater acoustic communication that uses multiple receive-only hydrophones. The technique is essentially a space-time matched filter. Previous results from a field experiment demonstrating the method were reported by Rouseff et al. [IEEE J. Oceanic Eng. 26, pp. 821-831, 2001]. In this paper, performance results are presented for Decision-Directed Passive Phase Conjugation, an adaptive extension to the basic technique. Using decision directed estimates for the channel impulse response, the method requires training overhead of less than 2% for the 10000-symbol packets used in the experiment. Mean-Square-Error and Bit-Error-Rates are reported for various array configurations including a three-element horizontal array.
无源相位共轭是一种利用多个只接收水听器实现相干水声通信的方法。该技术本质上是一种时空匹配滤波器。roseff et al. [IEEE J. Oceanic engineering . 26, pp. 821-831, 2001]报道了先前的田间试验结果。本文给出了决策导向无源相位共轭的性能结果，这是对基本技术的自适应扩展。对信道脉冲响应使用决策导向估计，该方法对实验中使用的10000个符号包的训练开销要求小于2%。均方误差和误码率报告了各种阵列配置，包括三元素水平阵列。
{"title":"Decision-directed Passive Phase Conjugation for underwater acoustic communication: experimental results","authors":"D. Rouseff, J. Flynn, W. Fox, J. Ritcey","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1192006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1192006","url":null,"abstract":"Passive Phase Conjugation is a method for coherent underwater acoustic communication that uses multiple receive-only hydrophones. The technique is essentially a space-time matched filter. Previous results from a field experiment demonstrating the method were reported by Rouseff et al. [IEEE J. Oceanic Eng. 26, pp. 821-831, 2001]. In this paper, performance results are presented for Decision-Directed Passive Phase Conjugation, an adaptive extension to the basic technique. Using decision directed estimates for the channel impulse response, the method requires training overhead of less than 2% for the 10000-symbol packets used in the experiment. Mean-Square-Error and Bit-Error-Rates are reported for various array configurations including a three-element horizontal array.","PeriodicalId":431594,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '02 MTS/IEEE","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125484947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-29DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1193251
D. Frye, N. Hogg, C. Wunsch
A new moored measurement system (ULTRAMOOR) has been developed whose aim is to reduce the cost and effort associated with making sustained in situ observations, especially in remote parts of the oceans. Present mooring technology, which typically requires annual, or at best biennial, maintenance and employs internally recording instruments, does not meet existing or future needs for timely, cost-effective data. ULTRAMOOR is designed for unattended deployments of five years or more with regular data updates from instruments positioned throughout the water column. It eliminates the requirement for frequently scheduled maintenance, which is an important factor in the total cost of long-term monitoring programs. While the initial ULTRAMOOR has been instrumented with current and temperature sensors, the design is compatible with a variety of low power instruments with digital data output. We envision the system as a prototype for a new generation of potentially expendable mooring types whose instruments spend almost all of their working lives at sea. ULTRAMOOR is a subsurface mooring equipped with a combination of modern acoustic current meters and current profilers. Each instrument transfers its data to an acoustic modem, which forwards these data to a central receiver. The central receiver then loads the data into an array of expendable data capsules, which release themselves at scheduled intervals throughout the deployment period and float to the surface. Once on the surface, they transmit their stored data via small satellite transmitters. The prototype ULTRAMOOR has been deployed successfully on two occasions. The long-term test mooring is instrumented with six acoustic current meters. Three of the ten data capsules have surfaced since the deployment and have provided high quality data from five of the six current meters. Remaining data capsules are scheduled to release at six-month intervals until November 2004. Preliminary results indicate that the acoustic links are working flawlessly, that eight of the ten data capsules are functioning normally, and that the data in the capsules are true representations of the data collected by the individual instruments.
{"title":"Design and operation of a long-duration mooring for ocean observations","authors":"D. Frye, N. Hogg, C. Wunsch","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1193251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1193251","url":null,"abstract":"A new moored measurement system (ULTRAMOOR) has been developed whose aim is to reduce the cost and effort associated with making sustained in situ observations, especially in remote parts of the oceans. Present mooring technology, which typically requires annual, or at best biennial, maintenance and employs internally recording instruments, does not meet existing or future needs for timely, cost-effective data. ULTRAMOOR is designed for unattended deployments of five years or more with regular data updates from instruments positioned throughout the water column. It eliminates the requirement for frequently scheduled maintenance, which is an important factor in the total cost of long-term monitoring programs. While the initial ULTRAMOOR has been instrumented with current and temperature sensors, the design is compatible with a variety of low power instruments with digital data output. We envision the system as a prototype for a new generation of potentially expendable mooring types whose instruments spend almost all of their working lives at sea. ULTRAMOOR is a subsurface mooring equipped with a combination of modern acoustic current meters and current profilers. Each instrument transfers its data to an acoustic modem, which forwards these data to a central receiver. The central receiver then loads the data into an array of expendable data capsules, which release themselves at scheduled intervals throughout the deployment period and float to the surface. Once on the surface, they transmit their stored data via small satellite transmitters. The prototype ULTRAMOOR has been deployed successfully on two occasions. The long-term test mooring is instrumented with six acoustic current meters. Three of the ten data capsules have surfaced since the deployment and have provided high quality data from five of the six current meters. Remaining data capsules are scheduled to release at six-month intervals until November 2004. Preliminary results indicate that the acoustic links are working flawlessly, that eight of the ten data capsules are functioning normally, and that the data in the capsules are true representations of the data collected by the individual instruments.","PeriodicalId":431594,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '02 MTS/IEEE","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123997401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-29DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1192080
J. C. Cranford, D. Oliver, P.D. Wilz, M. Woodward
The Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) runs the Wave Model (WAM) and Steady-State Spectral Wave Model (STWAVE) in many areas throughout the world. Nearly 60 different areas need to be run two times a day, and around 90 graphical products are produced and displayed on the World Wide Web. To assist operational modelers set up and maintain the model run stream, we have devised a Web based GUI. Recent improvements in the NAVOCEANO wave model run stream allow creation of such a GUI in a logical manner. Therefore, the authors will first review these recent improvements and show how they allow easier interface with a GUI. These improvements include a stable WAM and STWAVE run stream, lists of model domains kept in flat files similar to database tables, and robust scripts that run WAM and STWAVE. These improvements are the basis for the GUI. The GUI uses a number of free packages including the LINUX operating system, the Apache Web server, the MySQL database server, and the Generic Mapping Tools. The GUI contains a number of distinct tables corresponding to distinct model objects. Examples of objects include WAM models, WAM graphics, and WAM output spectra. Each object has a distinct set of associated widgets, associated constraints, and associated routines used to construct the model object. Widgets, constraints, and routines are also stored in a relational database. The GUI operates through a series of four procedures. The functionality of the system comes from entering and changing entries in the database tables. By being able to add widgets and constraints by adding entries into a database table, we save a great deal of time. To add new model objects, users create a new table and tie in creation subroutines around the new object. A meta GUI runs on top of the GUI to automate this process. The authors will demonstrate features of the interface. We will show screen shots demonstrating the set up of a typical WAM model. The authors discuss strengths and weaknesses of their approach against other approaches.
{"title":"A Web-based GUI for the set up and maintenance of the wave models at the naval oceanographic office","authors":"J. C. Cranford, D. Oliver, P.D. Wilz, M. Woodward","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1192080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1192080","url":null,"abstract":"The Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) runs the Wave Model (WAM) and Steady-State Spectral Wave Model (STWAVE) in many areas throughout the world. Nearly 60 different areas need to be run two times a day, and around 90 graphical products are produced and displayed on the World Wide Web. To assist operational modelers set up and maintain the model run stream, we have devised a Web based GUI. Recent improvements in the NAVOCEANO wave model run stream allow creation of such a GUI in a logical manner. Therefore, the authors will first review these recent improvements and show how they allow easier interface with a GUI. These improvements include a stable WAM and STWAVE run stream, lists of model domains kept in flat files similar to database tables, and robust scripts that run WAM and STWAVE. These improvements are the basis for the GUI. The GUI uses a number of free packages including the LINUX operating system, the Apache Web server, the MySQL database server, and the Generic Mapping Tools. The GUI contains a number of distinct tables corresponding to distinct model objects. Examples of objects include WAM models, WAM graphics, and WAM output spectra. Each object has a distinct set of associated widgets, associated constraints, and associated routines used to construct the model object. Widgets, constraints, and routines are also stored in a relational database. The GUI operates through a series of four procedures. The functionality of the system comes from entering and changing entries in the database tables. By being able to add widgets and constraints by adding entries into a database table, we save a great deal of time. To add new model objects, users create a new table and tie in creation subroutines around the new object. A meta GUI runs on top of the GUI to automate this process. The authors will demonstrate features of the interface. We will show screen shots demonstrating the set up of a typical WAM model. The authors discuss strengths and weaknesses of their approach against other approaches.","PeriodicalId":431594,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '02 MTS/IEEE","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124020943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-29DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1192052
J. Kaihatu, K. Edwards, W. O'Reilly
Waves undergo significant transformation over complex bathymetry, and the resulting nearshore wave conditions can be sensitive to small changes in the offshore wave forcing. A potential consequence of this transformation sensitivity is large uncertainties in modeled nearshore waves owing to the amplification of the error in the deep water spectra used as initial conditions. In preparation for the upcoming Nearshore Canyon Wave Experiment in La Jolla, CA, a boundary condition sensitivity analysis was performed over the region's submarine canyon bathymetry using the SWAN wave model. The sensitivity analysis included varying the offshore spectrum discretization (frequency and directional bandwidths), the peak period and direction of the spectra, and the frequency and directional spreads. In each case, the magnitude of the spectral variations was governed by expected uncertainties when initializing a nearshore model with a) typical buoy data for the area, and b) global WAM model hindcasts or forecasts. In addition, data from the Torrey Pines Outer Buoy (located 12 km offshore) from the first week of November 2001 were used to initialize the model, and the maximum change seen in the domain over the course of the week were compared to those derived from the sensitivity analysis. The nearshore locations that showed the largest change in wave height over time were also the areas most sensitive to boundary condition errors, and correspond to areas of wave focusing. Errors in the estimation of the peak offshore wave direction were found to have the greatest impact on the accuracy of the nearshore wave predictions. The coarse directional resolution (15 degrees) of deep water spectra provided by the present generation of operational global models is shown to be a significant source of error when handcasting or forecasting nearshore waves over complex bathymetry.
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Pub Date : 2002-10-29DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1192087
C. Steed, J.E. Braud, K. Koehler
Describes the Variable resolution GRID (VGRID) storage model designed to support the storage and retrieval of bathymetric data collected through the Precision Underwater Mapping (PUMA) System using the Tactical Environmental Data Server (TEDS) and the Naval Oceanographic Office's (NAVOCEANO) Digital Bathymetric Data Base-Variable (DBDB-V) Resolution product. Sponsored by the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command (SPAWAR, PMW-155), PUMA-TEDS represents a significant advancement in the collection and assimilation of environmental data at global, regional or local levels. Although VGRID has been developed for PUMA bathymetry, its generic implementation makes it suitable for use with any type of environmental data grid through the definition of a product specification. Built on NCSA's Hierarchical Data Format version 5 (HDF5), the VGRID model inherits the HDF5 file format and library implementation that is optimized for large-scale scientific data storage. The VGRID model provides a hierarchy of environmental storage objects: files, constituents, and grids. A VGRID file can contain VGRID constituents enabling multiparameter data storage. VGRID constituents can contain VGRID grids that are identified by resolutions and have grid increments specified in arc minutes, metres, or polar stereographic grid units. The grid interface supports the storage of geographic, polar stereographic, Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM), and Universal Polar Stereographic (UPS) projected grids. Behind the scenes of the VGRID API, a tile scheme is applied to data written to the VGRID file. When VGRID grids are created, compression options can be set for all tiles created in the resolution. The VGRID tile scheme provides the framework for a robust tile caching mechanism, which minimizes the time required to read data from a VGRID file. The VGRID API uses a "bounce" algorithm to search each resolution and extract the highest resolution data for a point query. In addition, three interpolation options are available for point queries: nearest neighbor, bilinear and minimum curvature spline. The minimum curvature spline algorithm provides a "feathering" capability that effectively reduces the artifacts that often occur at the resolution boundaries of multiple resolution datasets.
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