The world today is live to global warming, ecology and resources. It is, however, not a new phenomenon. Hindu living has always been live to such objectives even on the philosophical front. Any such alignment is vital, even at the business front as also at higher level. As Foundrymen, we have the onus of supplying castings speedier, while maintaining profits, and cutting down (use of) resources. All cost savings are transformed with resource (utlization) cutting. Thus, if processes and methods lean (align/support) on efficiencies (Lean thinking), in a committed and engrossed (i.e. Hindi ‘Lean’) way, then it must become “Total” Lean. Such is the demand of tomorrow’s foundries – no wastages. Thus to avoid excess weight and the wait the new paradigm is in going lean.
{"title":"Wai(gh)tless to the Top (A Total Quality Organization Thru’ People – Part 50)","authors":"P. Thareja","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2504346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2504346","url":null,"abstract":"The world today is live to global warming, ecology and resources. It is, however, not a new phenomenon. Hindu living has always been live to such objectives even on the philosophical front. Any such alignment is vital, even at the business front as also at higher level. As Foundrymen, we have the onus of supplying castings speedier, while maintaining profits, and cutting down (use of) resources. All cost savings are transformed with resource (utlization) cutting. Thus, if processes and methods lean (align/support) on efficiencies (Lean thinking), in a committed and engrossed (i.e. Hindi ‘Lean’) way, then it must become “Total” Lean. Such is the demand of tomorrow’s foundries – no wastages. Thus to avoid excess weight and the wait the new paradigm is in going lean.","PeriodicalId":431765,"journal":{"name":"Quality Management eJournal","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127772730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nas empresas o principal item intangivel e o fruto do rendimento conseguido atraves dos metodos usados na Gestao para obtencao de uma fonte de competitividade e estrategia nos mercados mundiais. As organizacoes deparam-se cada vez mais com o conceito TQM enquanto metodo e ferramenta de avaliacao estrategica, sendo este um conceito recente ao nivel da Gestao.O conceito de Total Quality Management garante a centralizacao das organizacoes no negocio para a eficacia e para a eficiencia. Esta tematica identifica a aplicabilidade para as organizacoes bem como as mais-valias quanto ao apoio na definicao da estrategia. Permite ainda a analise do desempenho de varias funcoes e execucao de processos, no entanto nao garante necessariamente eficacia e eficiencia na producao de resultados.Este artigo pretende descrever quais os fatores-chave para o sucesso do uso de ferramentas e tecnicas de gestao da qualidade num processo de melhoria continua.Sao mencionadas as ferramentas e os modelos de custeio a serem usados para uma Gestao baseada na qualidade. Analisa as dificuldades que sao comuns em uso e aplicacao, e sao salientados os pormenores para tentar superar e orientar as dificuldades ou obstaculos que possam aparecer.In business the main intangible item is the result of income achieved by the methods used in management to obtain a source of competitiveness and strategy in global markets. Organizations are faced increasingly with the TQM concept as a method and tool for strategic assessment, which is a new concept to the level of Management.The concept of Total Quality Management ensures the centralization of organizations in the business for effectiveness and efficiency. This topic identifies the applicability to organizations as well as capital gains support in defining the strategy. It also allows the performance analysis of various functions and process execution, though not necessarily guarantee effectiveness and efficiency in producing results. This article aims to describe in a process of continuous improvement which are the key factors for the successful use of tools and techniques of quality management. Are mentioned tools and costing models to be used for a Management based on quality.Will be analyzed the difficulties that are common in use and application, and the details are highlighter to try to overcome the difficulties and guide or obstacles that may appear.
{"title":"A Evolução Da Gestão (Total Quality Management)","authors":"Mónica Albertina Vieira Gonçalves","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2279712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2279712","url":null,"abstract":"Nas empresas o principal item intangivel e o fruto do rendimento conseguido atraves dos metodos usados na Gestao para obtencao de uma fonte de competitividade e estrategia nos mercados mundiais. As organizacoes deparam-se cada vez mais com o conceito TQM enquanto metodo e ferramenta de avaliacao estrategica, sendo este um conceito recente ao nivel da Gestao.O conceito de Total Quality Management garante a centralizacao das organizacoes no negocio para a eficacia e para a eficiencia. Esta tematica identifica a aplicabilidade para as organizacoes bem como as mais-valias quanto ao apoio na definicao da estrategia. Permite ainda a analise do desempenho de varias funcoes e execucao de processos, no entanto nao garante necessariamente eficacia e eficiencia na producao de resultados.Este artigo pretende descrever quais os fatores-chave para o sucesso do uso de ferramentas e tecnicas de gestao da qualidade num processo de melhoria continua.Sao mencionadas as ferramentas e os modelos de custeio a serem usados para uma Gestao baseada na qualidade. Analisa as dificuldades que sao comuns em uso e aplicacao, e sao salientados os pormenores para tentar superar e orientar as dificuldades ou obstaculos que possam aparecer.In business the main intangible item is the result of income achieved by the methods used in management to obtain a source of competitiveness and strategy in global markets. Organizations are faced increasingly with the TQM concept as a method and tool for strategic assessment, which is a new concept to the level of Management.The concept of Total Quality Management ensures the centralization of organizations in the business for effectiveness and efficiency. This topic identifies the applicability to organizations as well as capital gains support in defining the strategy. It also allows the performance analysis of various functions and process execution, though not necessarily guarantee effectiveness and efficiency in producing results. This article aims to describe in a process of continuous improvement which are the key factors for the successful use of tools and techniques of quality management. Are mentioned tools and costing models to be used for a Management based on quality.Will be analyzed the difficulties that are common in use and application, and the details are highlighter to try to overcome the difficulties and guide or obstacles that may appear.","PeriodicalId":431765,"journal":{"name":"Quality Management eJournal","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114727140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-02-24DOI: 10.1002/9781118460467.ch8
B. Malakooti
This chapter provides approaches for measuring the quality of processes and products. Defining quality, however, is difficult due to its multidimensionality. A simple definition of quality, from a producer’s point of view, is conformance to specifications while such specifications are measurable; for example, the length of an object can be clearly measured. However, this definition of quality may not be of much interest to the consumer. From a consumer’s point of view, quality may be defined based on its usefulness relative to the price paid to acquire such a product. Table 17.1 illustrates our classification of a multiperspective multicriteria view of quality control (QC) of processes and products. From a system’s point of view, an optimal trade-off between the quality of processes and the quality of products is considered. In addition, broader impacts of quality control, such as environmental consequences, are also considered.
{"title":"Quality Control and Assurance","authors":"B. Malakooti","doi":"10.1002/9781118460467.ch8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118460467.ch8","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter provides approaches for measuring the quality of processes and products. Defining quality, however, is difficult due to its multidimensionality. A simple definition of quality, from a producer’s point of view, is conformance to specifications while such specifications are measurable; for example, the length of an object can be clearly measured. However, this definition of quality may not be of much interest to the consumer. From a consumer’s point of view, quality may be defined based on its usefulness relative to the price paid to acquire such a product. Table 17.1 illustrates our classification of a multiperspective multicriteria view of quality control (QC) of processes and products. From a system’s point of view, an optimal trade-off between the quality of processes and the quality of products is considered. In addition, broader impacts of quality control, such as environmental consequences, are also considered.","PeriodicalId":431765,"journal":{"name":"Quality Management eJournal","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126256096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Through interviews of administrators in a large urban school district, this study qualitatively examines how school principals think about teacher quality and how these perceptions align with two assessment mechanisms in place in their district – their own formal evaluations of teachers and value-added metrics. This study presents the views of administrators on the uses and usefulness of the two methods of assessment and their perceptions of alignment and the extent to which either method should be used in tandem or independently to make decisions about accountability. Administrators indicate that the two methods assess different components of teacher quality but that both methods commonly identify the same high and low quality teachers with each assessment method complimenting and justifying the other.
{"title":"Holding Teachers Accountable: Principals’ Perceptions of the Alignment of Value-Added Metrics with Evaluations of Teacher Quality","authors":"Keisha L. Childers","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2175931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2175931","url":null,"abstract":"Through interviews of administrators in a large urban school district, this study qualitatively examines how school principals think about teacher quality and how these perceptions align with two assessment mechanisms in place in their district – their own formal evaluations of teachers and value-added metrics. This study presents the views of administrators on the uses and usefulness of the two methods of assessment and their perceptions of alignment and the extent to which either method should be used in tandem or independently to make decisions about accountability. Administrators indicate that the two methods assess different components of teacher quality but that both methods commonly identify the same high and low quality teachers with each assessment method complimenting and justifying the other.","PeriodicalId":431765,"journal":{"name":"Quality Management eJournal","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126675950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines the effects of hospital case volume on quality of care on the example of intact abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and hip fracture (HIP). We conduct the analysis on patient level with multiple logistic regression analysis. Quality is measured with a binary variable which indicates whether the patient has died in hospital. The results show that patients who are treated in hospitals with a higher case volume have on average a significantly lower probability of death.
{"title":"The Relationship between Quality and Hospital Case Volume – An Empirical Examination with German Data","authors":"C. Hentschker, R. Mennicken","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2084172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2084172","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the effects of hospital case volume on quality of care on the example of intact abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and hip fracture (HIP). We conduct the analysis on patient level with multiple logistic regression analysis. Quality is measured with a binary variable which indicates whether the patient has died in hospital. The results show that patients who are treated in hospitals with a higher case volume have on average a significantly lower probability of death.","PeriodicalId":431765,"journal":{"name":"Quality Management eJournal","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121916717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Total quality management is an endless journey in pursuit of a delighted customer. In recent years, the word “quality” itself has changed meaning. It has come to mean more than the reliability and price/performance of a product or service, as essential as those are. It encompasses every aspect of customer satisfaction, including how fast a solution is delivered, its usability, availability of support and efficiency of service. Total quality management needs to be integrated into everything the business does.This paper aims to focus on the identification of the concept of TQM on the basis of the literature review. It also focuses on the concept of TQM from quality gurus and three well recognized quality award models. Finally, conclusion and summary are presented. This research paper is theoretical in nature.
{"title":"A Conceptual Study of Total Quality Management","authors":"H. L. Bhaskar","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2739369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2739369","url":null,"abstract":"Total quality management is an endless journey in pursuit of a delighted customer. In recent years, the word “quality” itself has changed meaning. It has come to mean more than the reliability and price/performance of a product or service, as essential as those are. It encompasses every aspect of customer satisfaction, including how fast a solution is delivered, its usability, availability of support and efficiency of service. Total quality management needs to be integrated into everything the business does.This paper aims to focus on the identification of the concept of TQM on the basis of the literature review. It also focuses on the concept of TQM from quality gurus and three well recognized quality award models. Finally, conclusion and summary are presented. This research paper is theoretical in nature.","PeriodicalId":431765,"journal":{"name":"Quality Management eJournal","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132811103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study seeks to evaluate the service quality of hotels in the Yunnan province of China and to explore the effects of changes in service quality on customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, and brand image. This study uses both quantitative and qualitative methodologies. A total of 412 questionnaires were returned by study participants and Structural Equation Modelling techniques were used to analyze the data received. Qualitative data collection primarily consisted of in-depth, face-to-face interviews. This study yielded the following results: First, service quality has a positive effect on customer satisfaction, customer loyalty and brand image. Second, customer satisfaction has positive effects on customer loyalty and brand image. Third, customer loyalty has a positive effect on brand image. Finally, by researching the service quality in Yunnan’s hotels, this study has provided a reference for hotel service quality management in Yunnan province.
{"title":"Service is Power: Exploring Service Quality in Hotel's Business, Yunnan, China","authors":"Xiangyu Li, Krit Jarinto","doi":"10.5539/IBR.V5N5P35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/IBR.V5N5P35","url":null,"abstract":"This study seeks to evaluate the service quality of hotels in the Yunnan province of China and to explore the effects of changes in service quality on customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, and brand image. This study uses both quantitative and qualitative methodologies. A total of 412 questionnaires were returned by study participants and Structural Equation Modelling techniques were used to analyze the data received. Qualitative data collection primarily consisted of in-depth, face-to-face interviews. This study yielded the following results: First, service quality has a positive effect on customer satisfaction, customer loyalty and brand image. Second, customer satisfaction has positive effects on customer loyalty and brand image. Third, customer loyalty has a positive effect on brand image. Finally, by researching the service quality in Yunnan’s hotels, this study has provided a reference for hotel service quality management in Yunnan province.","PeriodicalId":431765,"journal":{"name":"Quality Management eJournal","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123896508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite the growing significance of service standardization, little is known about the microeconomic benefit of service standards. The paper presents results of a company survey on the benefit of service standards and the motives behind the standard’s implementation. Within the theoretical part of the paper, different roles of motives for the successful implementation of service standards are derived from the literature on the ISO 9000 standard. The empirical part supports the theory so that internal motives are positively related to the benefit of service standards, while external motives are negatively related. We consider these findings as a first indication for the existence of the microeconomic benefit of service standards, which in turn might stimulate future awareness of service standards and service standardization in general. Companies that intend to implement service standards are well advised to consider their motivation and to attach adequate importance to the subsequent implementation process.
{"title":"Motives Affecting the Companies’ Benefit of Service Standards","authors":"Paul Wakke, K. Blind","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2045530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2045530","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the growing significance of service standardization, little is known about the microeconomic benefit of service standards. The paper presents results of a company survey on the benefit of service standards and the motives behind the standard’s implementation. Within the theoretical part of the paper, different roles of motives for the successful implementation of service standards are derived from the literature on the ISO 9000 standard. The empirical part supports the theory so that internal motives are positively related to the benefit of service standards, while external motives are negatively related. We consider these findings as a first indication for the existence of the microeconomic benefit of service standards, which in turn might stimulate future awareness of service standards and service standardization in general. Companies that intend to implement service standards are well advised to consider their motivation and to attach adequate importance to the subsequent implementation process.","PeriodicalId":431765,"journal":{"name":"Quality Management eJournal","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125000488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In a free market economy, achieving the highest performance and thereby the organization’s goal is the ultimate responsibility of management. Quality awards schemes have been increasingly promoted by governments, public, and private organization with intention of promoting and motivating quality management practices. The literature review indicates that the quality management is a key for a competitive advantage and essential ingredient for effective performance in the organization. The research paper examines the appropriateness of applying Malcolm Baldridge Model to enhance performance excellence in healthcare organization. The results of questionnaire provide potential benefits to enhance service quality and performance excellence. From the study it is inferred that determining performance excellence continues to be a challenge. It is evident that applying Malcolm Baldrige Quality Framework Criteria for healthcare organization could be the starting point for a regular strategic planning process within the organization and could ensure continuous improvement in performance excellence. The study concludes in a set of recommendations to ensure implementation and successful application of Malcolm Baldrige Quality Framework criteria in the healthcare organization considered.
{"title":"Application of Malcolm Baldrige Quality Framework to Enhance Performance in Healthcare Organisation","authors":"S. D'souza, A. Sequeira","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2037944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2037944","url":null,"abstract":"In a free market economy, achieving the highest performance and thereby the organization’s goal is the ultimate responsibility of management. Quality awards schemes have been increasingly promoted by governments, public, and private organization with intention of promoting and motivating quality management practices. The literature review indicates that the quality management is a key for a competitive advantage and essential ingredient for effective performance in the organization. The research paper examines the appropriateness of applying Malcolm Baldridge Model to enhance performance excellence in healthcare organization. The results of questionnaire provide potential benefits to enhance service quality and performance excellence. From the study it is inferred that determining performance excellence continues to be a challenge. It is evident that applying Malcolm Baldrige Quality Framework Criteria for healthcare organization could be the starting point for a regular strategic planning process within the organization and could ensure continuous improvement in performance excellence. The study concludes in a set of recommendations to ensure implementation and successful application of Malcolm Baldrige Quality Framework criteria in the healthcare organization considered.","PeriodicalId":431765,"journal":{"name":"Quality Management eJournal","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128858592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Ollinger, M. Muth, S. Karns, Zanethia D. Choice
Food safety technology can increase a company’s capacity to prevent a foodborne contamination. A food safety audit — a quality control tool in which an auditor observes whether a plant’s processing practices and technologies are compatible with good food safety practices — can indicate how effectively food safety technology is being used. Fast food restaurants, grocery stores, and other major customers of meat and poultry processing plants conduct their own audits or hire auditors to assess the soundness of a plant’s processing operation. Meat and poultry plants can also audit themselves as a way to help maintain process control. In this report, we document the extent of food safety audits in meat and poultry processing plants. We also examine the associations between the use of audits and plant size, firm structure, and food safety technology use. Results show that larger plants, plants subject to food safety audits, and plants that are part of a multiplant firm use more food safety technology than other plants. Plants subject to both plant-hired and customer-hired audits had greater technology use than single (plant- or customer-hired) audit plants.
{"title":"Food Safety Audits, Plant Characteristics, and Food Safety Technology Use in Meat and Poultry Plants","authors":"M. Ollinger, M. Muth, S. Karns, Zanethia D. Choice","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2131423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2131423","url":null,"abstract":"Food safety technology can increase a company’s capacity to prevent a foodborne contamination. A food safety audit — a quality control tool in which an auditor observes whether a plant’s processing practices and technologies are compatible with good food safety practices — can indicate how effectively food safety technology is being used. Fast food restaurants, grocery stores, and other major customers of meat and poultry processing plants conduct their own audits or hire auditors to assess the soundness of a plant’s processing operation. Meat and poultry plants can also audit themselves as a way to help maintain process control. In this report, we document the extent of food safety audits in meat and poultry processing plants. We also examine the associations between the use of audits and plant size, firm structure, and food safety technology use. Results show that larger plants, plants subject to food safety audits, and plants that are part of a multiplant firm use more food safety technology than other plants. Plants subject to both plant-hired and customer-hired audits had greater technology use than single (plant- or customer-hired) audit plants.","PeriodicalId":431765,"journal":{"name":"Quality Management eJournal","volume":"138 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114667768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：