In less than 10 years, esports have turned into a global phenomenon with a large following that rivals the audience size of popular established sports. This has resulted in a massive influx of esports sponsors. However, because it appeared and evolved so rapidly, sponsors have no idea of what esports really are nor of what risks they may face. Ergo, this research aimed to determine what issues are being caused by the infancy of the esports industry that is threatening sponsors. Hence, this exploratory research used a convergent-parallel mixed method with equal status. Empirical data was obtained through interviews with 22 experts in esports sponsoring and the application of a survey to 5,638 esports fans. Quantitative data was analysed with SPSS 25 and qualitative data with NVIVO 10. The results showed that the majority of experts considered that the problems associated with the infancy of the esports industry are a risk to esports sponsors and almost all esports fans reckon that the competitive gaming market has infancy-related issues to solve. Esports are not like general sports, so sponsors must holistically study this industry to mitigate the dangers of suffering from the problems of this new and unknown market.
{"title":"The Infancy of the Esports Industry as a Risk to its Sponsors","authors":"Bruno Duarte Abreu Freitas","doi":"10.47743/saeb-2023-0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47743/saeb-2023-0030","url":null,"abstract":"In less than 10 years, esports have turned into a global phenomenon with a large following that rivals the audience size of popular established sports. This has resulted in a massive influx of esports sponsors. However, because it appeared and evolved so rapidly, sponsors have no idea of what esports really are nor of what risks they may face. Ergo, this research aimed to determine what issues are being caused by the infancy of the esports industry that is threatening sponsors. Hence, this exploratory research used a convergent-parallel mixed method with equal status. Empirical data was obtained through interviews with 22 experts in esports sponsoring and the application of a survey to 5,638 esports fans. Quantitative data was analysed with SPSS 25 and qualitative data with NVIVO 10. The results showed that the majority of experts considered that the problems associated with the infancy of the esports industry are a risk to esports sponsors and almost all esports fans reckon that the competitive gaming market has infancy-related issues to solve. Esports are not like general sports, so sponsors must holistically study this industry to mitigate the dangers of suffering from the problems of this new and unknown market.","PeriodicalId":43189,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Annals of Economics and Business","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135209028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The sustainable development of rural areas is one of the European Union’s objectives. LEADER program contributes to its fulfillment by offering financial support to disadvantaged rural areas. The purpose of this paper is to assess the LEADER program’s economic impact in the Romanian rural communities. Econometric methods of impact assessment were used to analyze the evolution of economic indicators in the beneficiary communities. Propensity Score Matching and Difference in Differences were the methods applied in order to meet the objectives of the paper: analysis of the spatial distribution of projects submitted and funds allocated to LAGs (1), and of the economic evolution of LAG and non-LAG communities, before and after LEADER funding (2). The results indicate a stronger economic growth for the beneficiary rural communities, confirming in all cases the initial hypothesis. LEADER seems to have acted in these directions: the creation of new jobs and increasing the local businesses performance. However, the contribution made was minimal and insignificant. Conclusions of the study highlight that the contribution of the LEADER program to the economic development of rural communities can be at most one of supporting the current level of development, but not of reaching a much higher level. LEADER can be considered, from a quantitative point of view, only an instrument with a positive effect on rural areas, but not an instrument of impact. This is because LEADER did not bring significant changes and didn’t ensure that critical mass that could trigger the economic development of rural communities.
农村地区的可持续发展是欧盟的目标之一。“领袖”项目通过向贫困农村地区提供财政支持，有助于实现这一目标。本文的目的是评估LEADER项目对罗马尼亚农村社区的经济影响。采用影响评估的计量经济学方法分析了受益社区经济指标的演变。本文采用倾向得分匹配和差异中的差异(Difference in Difference)两种方法，分析了项目提交和资金分配的空间分布(1)，以及项目资助前后农村社区和非农村社区的经济演变(2)。结果表明，受益农村社区的经济增长更为强劲，证实了最初的假设。LEADER似乎朝着这些方向采取了行动:创造新的就业机会，提高当地企业的业绩。然而，所作的贡献是微不足道的。研究结论强调，LEADER项目对农村社区经济发展的贡献最多只能是支持当前的发展水平，而不能达到更高的水平。从数量的角度来看，领导者只能被视为对农村地区有积极影响的工具，而不是影响工具。这是因为LEADER没有带来重大的变化，也没有确保能够触发农村社区经济发展的临界质量。
{"title":"The Economic Impact of the LEADER Program in the Rural Communities of Romania","authors":"Ana-Maria Opria, Lucian Roșu, Corneliu Iațu","doi":"10.47743/saeb-2023-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47743/saeb-2023-0026","url":null,"abstract":"The sustainable development of rural areas is one of the European Union’s objectives. LEADER program contributes to its fulfillment by offering financial support to disadvantaged rural areas. The purpose of this paper is to assess the LEADER program’s economic impact in the Romanian rural communities. Econometric methods of impact assessment were used to analyze the evolution of economic indicators in the beneficiary communities. Propensity Score Matching and Difference in Differences were the methods applied in order to meet the objectives of the paper: analysis of the spatial distribution of projects submitted and funds allocated to LAGs (1), and of the economic evolution of LAG and non-LAG communities, before and after LEADER funding (2). The results indicate a stronger economic growth for the beneficiary rural communities, confirming in all cases the initial hypothesis. LEADER seems to have acted in these directions: the creation of new jobs and increasing the local businesses performance. However, the contribution made was minimal and insignificant. Conclusions of the study highlight that the contribution of the LEADER program to the economic development of rural communities can be at most one of supporting the current level of development, but not of reaching a much higher level. LEADER can be considered, from a quantitative point of view, only an instrument with a positive effect on rural areas, but not an instrument of impact. This is because LEADER did not bring significant changes and didn’t ensure that critical mass that could trigger the economic development of rural communities.","PeriodicalId":43189,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Annals of Economics and Business","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135155440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Margarida Catalão‐Lopes, Joaquim P. Pina, Ana S. Costa
Extant evidence on corporate social responsibility (CSR) shows that consumers are willing to pay a premium if they infer that the firm is truly "prosocial" (i.e if it is altruistic), but their valuation of the product will not increase as much (and may even decrease) if they believe the company has an ulterior motive for CSR (i.e. if the firm is opportunistic). We pose that the CSR level of investment can be strategically used as a signalling tool to help consumers identify the true nature of the firm and solve this incomplete information problem. Using a signalling game, where altruistic firms want to express their nature and opportunistic ones want to conceal it, we explore the relative effectiveness of consumers’ premiums and penalties (expressed as demand increases or decreases, respectively) in the promotion of corporate truth-revealing behaviour. We also characterize the conditions for market equilibria in which altruistic firms are distinguished from opportunistic ones, allowing consumers to solve the information asymmetry and, with that, influence firms’ profits. Contrary to what might be expected, we show that rewards for altruistic CSR and penalties for opportunistic CSR are not symmetrically effective. Our results help companies to improve their CSR decisions, by understanding how consumers solve the information asymmetry regarding the true nature of the CSR investments. Especially for altruistic firms, this may be important to guarantee that CSR effort and expenses are not just a cost but turn into higher revenues and profits.
{"title":"Pretending to be Socially Responsible? The Role of Consumers’ Rewarding Behaviour","authors":"Margarida Catalão‐Lopes, Joaquim P. Pina, Ana S. Costa","doi":"10.47743/saeb-2023-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47743/saeb-2023-0024","url":null,"abstract":"Extant evidence on corporate social responsibility (CSR) shows that consumers are willing to pay a premium if they infer that the firm is truly \"prosocial\" (i.e if it is altruistic), but their valuation of the product will not increase as much (and may even decrease) if they believe the company has an ulterior motive for CSR (i.e. if the firm is opportunistic). We pose that the CSR level of investment can be strategically used as a signalling tool to help consumers identify the true nature of the firm and solve this incomplete information problem. Using a signalling game, where altruistic firms want to express their nature and opportunistic ones want to conceal it, we explore the relative effectiveness of consumers’ premiums and penalties (expressed as demand increases or decreases, respectively) in the promotion of corporate truth-revealing behaviour. We also characterize the conditions for market equilibria in which altruistic firms are distinguished from opportunistic ones, allowing consumers to solve the information asymmetry and, with that, influence firms’ profits. Contrary to what might be expected, we show that rewards for altruistic CSR and penalties for opportunistic CSR are not symmetrically effective. Our results help companies to improve their CSR decisions, by understanding how consumers solve the information asymmetry regarding the true nature of the CSR investments. Especially for altruistic firms, this may be important to guarantee that CSR effort and expenses are not just a cost but turn into higher revenues and profits.","PeriodicalId":43189,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Annals of Economics and Business","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47940672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dispersion measurement and tuning constants are critical aspects of a model's robustness and efficiency. However, in the presence of outliers, the standard deviation is not a reliable measure of dispersion in Huber's weight. This research aimed to assess the efficacy of the Huber weight function in terms of dispersion measurement and tuning constant. The simulation study was conducted on a hybrid of the autoregressive (AR) model and the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) model with 10% and 20% additive outlier contamination. In the simulation analysis, three dispersion measurements were compared: median absolute deviation (MAD), interquartile range (IQR), and IQR/3, with two tuning constant values (1.345 and 1.5). The numerical simulation results showed that during contamination with 10% and 20% additive outliers, the IQR/3 outperformed the MAD and IQR. Our findings also showed that IQR/3 is a potentially more robust dispersion measurement in Huber's weight. The tuning constant of 1.5 revealed a decrease in resistance to outliers and increased efficiency. The proposed IQR/3 model with a constant tuning value (h) of 1.5 outperformed the AR(1)-GARCH(1,2) model while minimising the effect of additive outliers.
{"title":"The Effectiveness of the Huber's Weight on Dispersion and Tuning Constant: A Simulation Study","authors":"Intan Martina Md Ghani, Hanafi A Rahim","doi":"10.47743/saeb-2023-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47743/saeb-2023-0022","url":null,"abstract":"Dispersion measurement and tuning constants are critical aspects of a model's robustness and efficiency. However, in the presence of outliers, the standard deviation is not a reliable measure of dispersion in Huber's weight. This research aimed to assess the efficacy of the Huber weight function in terms of dispersion measurement and tuning constant. The simulation study was conducted on a hybrid of the autoregressive (AR) model and the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) model with 10% and 20% additive outlier contamination. In the simulation analysis, three dispersion measurements were compared: median absolute deviation (MAD), interquartile range (IQR), and IQR/3, with two tuning constant values (1.345 and 1.5). The numerical simulation results showed that during contamination with 10% and 20% additive outliers, the IQR/3 outperformed the MAD and IQR. Our findings also showed that IQR/3 is a potentially more robust dispersion measurement in Huber's weight. The tuning constant of 1.5 revealed a decrease in resistance to outliers and increased efficiency. The proposed IQR/3 model with a constant tuning value (h) of 1.5 outperformed the AR(1)-GARCH(1,2) model while minimising the effect of additive outliers.","PeriodicalId":43189,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Annals of Economics and Business","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47354174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There are a number of factors that can hinder the path of entrepreneurship development and the literature highlighted the fact that taxes are one of the most important barriers for entrepreneurs. This paper aims at identifying the relationship between tax rates and entrepreneurship and to establish the impact of tax rates on entrepreneurs considering their motivations (necessity, opportunity or improvement-driven opportunity). The research focuses on a sample of 46 countries grouped according to their income level, for a period of eight years (2012-2019). In order to test our hypotheses, we use multiple linear regression based on balanced panel data and we consider, as dependent variables, indicators that measure entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial motivations (early-stage entrepreneurial activity, necessity-driven entrepreneurs, opportunity-driven entrepreneurs, improvement-driven opportunity entrepreneurs, and motivational index). As independent variables, we consider indicators that measure the tax rates supported by entrepreneurs (total tax and contribution rate, profit tax, labor tax and contributions, and other taxes payable by businesses). The results show that tax rates play a key role in fostering the creation of new companies. Moreover, the impact is different, depending on the entrepreneurs’ motivations. Entrepreneurs motivated by necessity are positively related to total tax and contribution rate, while those motivated by opportunity are negatively related with this indicator. Therefore, tax rates discourage the entrepreneurs that seek innovation, but they do not affect those that do not have other options to obtain the necessary income for living.
{"title":"Do Tax Rates Matter for Entrepreneurial Motivations? An Empirical Approach","authors":"V. Rusu, A. Dornean","doi":"10.47743/saeb-2023-0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47743/saeb-2023-0025","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000There are a number of factors that can hinder the path of entrepreneurship development and the literature highlighted the fact that taxes are one of the most important barriers for entrepreneurs. This paper aims at identifying the relationship between tax rates and entrepreneurship and to establish the impact of tax rates on entrepreneurs considering their motivations (necessity, opportunity or improvement-driven opportunity). The research focuses on a sample of 46 countries grouped according to their income level, for a period of eight years (2012-2019). In order to test our hypotheses, we use multiple linear regression based on balanced panel data and we consider, as dependent variables, indicators that measure entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial motivations (early-stage entrepreneurial activity, necessity-driven entrepreneurs, opportunity-driven entrepreneurs, improvement-driven opportunity entrepreneurs, and motivational index). As independent variables, we consider indicators that measure the tax rates supported by entrepreneurs (total tax and contribution rate, profit tax, labor tax and contributions, and other taxes payable by businesses). The results show that tax rates play a key role in fostering the creation of new companies. Moreover, the impact is different, depending on the entrepreneurs’ motivations. Entrepreneurs motivated by necessity are positively related to total tax and contribution rate, while those motivated by opportunity are negatively related with this indicator. Therefore, tax rates discourage the entrepreneurs that seek innovation, but they do not affect those that do not have other options to obtain the necessary income for living.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43189,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Annals of Economics and Business","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42648384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper aims to extend the existing literature on Internet adoption and corruption by analyzing the factors impacting the digital divide and assessing the impact of Internet adoption on corruption reduction in the Economic Community of West African States (Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Cote d’Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Togo). The study uses fixed and random effect panel data techniques covering 17 years (2003-2019), to exploit the times series nature of the relationship between the digital divide and its determinants. In addition, it aims to assess the impact of internet adoption along with other control variables on corruption. The estimation results show that per capita income, human capital, age, population density, government effectiveness, political stability, and the rule of law significantly affect the digital divide in ECOWAS. The findings reveal also that internet adoption affects positively the level of corruption control; the impact of an increase in internet users of 1% implies an increase in corruption control between 0.05% and 0.06%.
{"title":"Internet Adoption, Digital Divide, and Corruption: Evidence from ECOWAS Countries","authors":"Driss Tsouli","doi":"10.47743/saeb-2023-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47743/saeb-2023-0023","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to extend the existing literature on Internet adoption and corruption by analyzing the factors impacting the digital divide and assessing the impact of Internet adoption on corruption reduction in the Economic Community of West African States (Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Cote d’Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Togo). The study uses fixed and random effect panel data techniques covering 17 years (2003-2019), to exploit the times series nature of the relationship between the digital divide and its determinants. In addition, it aims to assess the impact of internet adoption along with other control variables on corruption. The estimation results show that per capita income, human capital, age, population density, government effectiveness, political stability, and the rule of law significantly affect the digital divide in ECOWAS. The findings reveal also that internet adoption affects positively the level of corruption control; the impact of an increase in internet users of 1% implies an increase in corruption control between 0.05% and 0.06%.","PeriodicalId":43189,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Annals of Economics and Business","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45780094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The importance of military expenditure in terms of establishing national security constitutes the main excuse for public expenditures made by states in this field. Yet, a special importance should be attached to military expenditure in terms of ensuring the efficiency of the public sectors of developing countries and rational use of resources. In fact, there is no consensus about the effect of these types of expenditures on the economy in general or the trade-offs they cause. Therefore, their effects on major macroeconomic variables and efficiency in resource allocation, production, and distribution deserve to be comprehensively addressed. To this end, this study aims to investigate the long- term effect of militarization on inflation in Turkey. By incorporating the annual data from the period 1970 to 2020 and employing the combined approach to cointegration suggested by Bayer and Hanck (2013), the presence of long-term interplay between militarization and inflation can be analyzed. After detecting the presence of cointegration, the findings of the long run model reveal that inflation is spurred by military expenditure and arms imports besides the other determinants of inflation.
{"title":"Investigating the Nexus Between Militarization and Inflation in Turkey","authors":"Olcay Çolak, Sevilay E G Özuyar, Duran Bülbül","doi":"10.47743/saeb-2023-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47743/saeb-2023-0020","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of military expenditure in terms of establishing national security constitutes the main excuse for public expenditures made by states in this field. Yet, a special importance should be attached to military expenditure in terms of ensuring the efficiency of the public sectors of developing countries and rational use of resources. In fact, there is no consensus about the effect of these types of expenditures on the economy in general or the trade-offs they cause. Therefore, their effects on major macroeconomic variables and efficiency in resource allocation, production, and distribution deserve to be comprehensively addressed. To this end, this study aims to investigate the long- term effect of militarization on inflation in Turkey. By incorporating the annual data from the period 1970 to 2020 and employing the combined approach to cointegration suggested by Bayer and Hanck (2013), the presence of long-term interplay between militarization and inflation can be analyzed. After detecting the presence of cointegration, the findings of the long run model reveal that inflation is spurred by military expenditure and arms imports besides the other determinants of inflation.","PeriodicalId":43189,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Annals of Economics and Business","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44034345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper we deal with a network analysis of interconnected cabinets in Greece for an extended time period. In parallel, we present a small review of the economic crises that have occurred in Greece over this period. More particularly, we used historical sources to locate all different Greek governments and all economic crises starting from the 1821 Greek revolution to the present days. We also formed a two-mode (also known as affiliation) network of ministers and cabinets and subsequently created a network of interconnected cabinets. We used dedicated software to visualize this network and used Social Network Analytical procedures in order to calculate its properties. Finally, in an attempt to investigate possible relations between network metrics and economic crises, we note and discuss an interesting observation between a specific metrics and such major economic events. In our paper, we firstly introduce the context and present our research questions. We then present the relevant literature, mainly discussing the extent to which Social Network Analysis has been used to investigate patterns of behaviors in politics. We then proceed to presenting and applying our methodology on network creation, visualization and metrics computations. The following section discusses the longitudinal evolution of our network and the relation between its clustering coefficient and the emergence of economic crises. We then finalize our paper with some conclusions.
{"title":"Interconnections between Minister Cabinets in Greece. A Bicentennial Study with Implications on Economy","authors":"Dimitrios Kydros, P. Polychronidou","doi":"10.47743/saeb-2023-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47743/saeb-2023-0019","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we deal with a network analysis of interconnected cabinets in Greece for an extended time period. In parallel, we present a small review of the economic crises that have occurred in Greece over this period. More particularly, we used historical sources to locate all different Greek governments and all economic crises starting from the 1821 Greek revolution to the present days. We also formed a two-mode (also known as affiliation) network of ministers and cabinets and subsequently created a network of interconnected cabinets. We used dedicated software to visualize this network and used Social Network Analytical procedures in order to calculate its properties. Finally, in an attempt to investigate possible relations between network metrics and economic crises, we note and discuss an interesting observation between a specific metrics and such major economic events. In our paper, we firstly introduce the context and present our research questions. We then present the relevant literature, mainly discussing the extent to which Social Network Analysis has been used to investigate patterns of behaviors in politics. We then proceed to presenting and applying our methodology on network creation, visualization and metrics computations. The following section discusses the longitudinal evolution of our network and the relation between its clustering coefficient and the emergence of economic crises. We then finalize our paper with some conclusions.","PeriodicalId":43189,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Annals of Economics and Business","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47332770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, the efficacy of globalization in influencing income growth within the Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) from 1982 to 2020 is being examined. The “Konjunkturforschungsstelle Globalization Index” (KOFGI) was used to measure globalization at the overall, economic, social, and political level, while income growth was captured using the growth rate of gross national income per capita. The data employed in the analysis were gotten from World Bank and KOFGI database. The analysis follows a sequential order of unit root test based on the augmented Dickey-Fuller, autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds test for cointegration, and error correction model. The unit root test revealed that the order of integration of the variables were mixed at levels and first difference. The bounds test showcased that all the dimensions of globalization exhibited long-run association with income growth. The short-run result indicated that globalization wielded a negative and significant effect on income growth. A unit percent increase in globalization put forth a 1.3818% decrease in income growth. In the long-run, globalization however exerted a positive but insignificant sway on income growth in the SSA. The implication of this is that though globalization poses a short-run negative impact on income growth, the SSA can move along the learning curve to derive some long-term benefits that emanate from global interactions. It becomes pertinent for the SSA to see globalization as a long-term avenue for propelling income growth, bearing in mind that the short-run negative effect can be corrected periodically as the economy moves along the learning curve of globalization.
{"title":"Globalization and Per Capita Income Growth in Emerging Economies","authors":"U. Effiong","doi":"10.47743/saeb-2023-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47743/saeb-2023-0007","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the efficacy of globalization in influencing income growth within the Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) from 1982 to 2020 is being examined. The “Konjunkturforschungsstelle Globalization Index” (KOFGI) was used to measure globalization at the overall, economic, social, and political level, while income growth was captured using the growth rate of gross national income per capita. The data employed in the analysis were gotten from World Bank and KOFGI database. The analysis follows a sequential order of unit root test based on the augmented Dickey-Fuller, autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds test for cointegration, and error correction model. The unit root test revealed that the order of integration of the variables were mixed at levels and first difference. The bounds test showcased that all the dimensions of globalization exhibited long-run association with income growth. The short-run result indicated that globalization wielded a negative and significant effect on income growth. A unit percent increase in globalization put forth a 1.3818% decrease in income growth. In the long-run, globalization however exerted a positive but insignificant sway on income growth in the SSA. The implication of this is that though globalization poses a short-run negative impact on income growth, the SSA can move along the learning curve to derive some long-term benefits that emanate from global interactions. It becomes pertinent for the SSA to see globalization as a long-term avenue for propelling income growth, bearing in mind that the short-run negative effect can be corrected periodically as the economy moves along the learning curve of globalization.","PeriodicalId":43189,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Annals of Economics and Business","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47906351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Statistical surveys are often used in shaping managerial policy and practice. In this paper we study, how to analyze the association between two categorical variables based on census data with a high level of nonresponse. The purpose is to discuss the suggested approach to the investigation. We used the census data from the survey executed at one Slovak University for testing the new process. The proposed process offers the methods of analysis of the association between two categorical variables based on pseudo-population estimated from the census data with a high level of nonresponse. We recommend using the process in the surveys in which the costs of survey execution by the census are practically not different from sample survey costs, and the connections to all units of the population are available.
{"title":"How to Analyze the Association between Two Categorical Variables Based on Census Data with a High Level of Nonresponse","authors":"Milan Terek, E. Muchová, P. Leško","doi":"10.47743/saeb-2023-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47743/saeb-2023-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Statistical surveys are often used in shaping managerial policy and practice. In this paper we study, how to analyze the association between two categorical variables based on census data with a high level of nonresponse. The purpose is to discuss the suggested approach to the investigation. We used the census data from the survey executed at one Slovak University for testing the new process. The proposed process offers the methods of analysis of the association between two categorical variables based on pseudo-population estimated from the census data with a high level of nonresponse. We recommend using the process in the surveys in which the costs of survey execution by the census are practically not different from sample survey costs, and the connections to all units of the population are available.","PeriodicalId":43189,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Annals of Economics and Business","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49243267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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