Penetrating injuries to brain are rare and mostly result from warfare injuries, suicidal/homicidal firearm injuries, or accidental injuries. In general, they are associated with poor outcome. We report the challenges faced in managing an interesting case of penetrating brain injury as a result of assault with meat chopper knife that underwent surgical intervention and had a good outcome.
{"title":"An Interesting Case of Penetrating Brain Injury Due to Assault with Meat Chopper Knife","authors":"Bal Krishna Ojha, Qazi Zeeshan, Rahul Miglani","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1778733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1778733","url":null,"abstract":"Penetrating injuries to brain are rare and mostly result from warfare injuries, suicidal/homicidal firearm injuries, or accidental injuries. In general, they are associated with poor outcome. We report the challenges faced in managing an interesting case of penetrating brain injury as a result of assault with meat chopper knife that underwent surgical intervention and had a good outcome.","PeriodicalId":43198,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Neurotrauma","volume":"31 40","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139607558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Neurotrauma is a medical field that deals with the treatment and prevention of serious injuries to the brain, spinal cord, or peripheral nerves. It presents complex ethical issues that require careful consideration and balance between individual autonomy, public health, patient preferences, and clinical outcomes. In this review, we examine several ethical dilemmas in neurotrauma, including the prevention of traumatic events, obtaining informed consent and respecting patient preferences in situations of impaired cognition and communication, determining the appropriate use of life-saving interventions, and communicating with patients and families about prognosis and outcomes. Our analysis highlights the need for a nuanced and evidence-based approach that takes into account the unique circumstances of each patient and balances the potential benefits and risks of various interventions.
{"title":"Ethical Issues in Neurotrauma: Challenges and Solutions","authors":"Ahtesham Khizar, Abdul Ghafoor, Inaam Elahi","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1771227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1771227","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Neurotrauma is a medical field that deals with the treatment and prevention of serious injuries to the brain, spinal cord, or peripheral nerves. It presents complex ethical issues that require careful consideration and balance between individual autonomy, public health, patient preferences, and clinical outcomes. In this review, we examine several ethical dilemmas in neurotrauma, including the prevention of traumatic events, obtaining informed consent and respecting patient preferences in situations of impaired cognition and communication, determining the appropriate use of life-saving interventions, and communicating with patients and families about prognosis and outcomes. Our analysis highlights the need for a nuanced and evidence-based approach that takes into account the unique circumstances of each patient and balances the potential benefits and risks of various interventions.","PeriodicalId":43198,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Neurotrauma","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88522870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human body temperature has physiological and deleterious implications. The re fl ection of temperature is from dysfunction at the metabolic level to dysfunction of organs. Body temperature is one of the key vital signs for homeostasis. The brain is one of the key locations where temperature fl uctuation can lead to a major clinical impact on the body. As a matter of fact, the brain controls body temperature through the central controller in the hypothalamus. The brain is susceptible to injury even with small systemic changes in temperature. The development of fever due to systemic causes has been considered a factor associated with the core approach for critically ill patients
{"title":"Skin Temperature Measurement in Acute Neurotrauma: The Unknown Tool","authors":"Tariq Janjua, L. Moscote-Salazar","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1769800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1769800","url":null,"abstract":"Human body temperature has physiological and deleterious implications. The re fl ection of temperature is from dysfunction at the metabolic level to dysfunction of organs. Body temperature is one of the key vital signs for homeostasis. The brain is one of the key locations where temperature fl uctuation can lead to a major clinical impact on the body. As a matter of fact, the brain controls body temperature through the central controller in the hypothalamus. The brain is susceptible to injury even with small systemic changes in temperature. The development of fever due to systemic causes has been considered a factor associated with the core approach for critically ill patients","PeriodicalId":43198,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Neurotrauma","volume":"31 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75917195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dear editor, Neurotrauma is a medical condition that occurs due to an injury to the brain or spinal cord. In Pakistan, neurotrauma care is a significant concern due to a high incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) resulting from road traffic accidents, falls, and violence.1 According to a recent study, Pakistan had 81 TBI cases per 100,000 population, with a 15% fatality rate.2 TBI is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the country, with an estimated 600,000 cases reported each year. However, despite the high incidence of TBI, neurotrauma care in Pakistan remains inadequate, and there is a need to improve the quality and accessibility of services. In Pakistan, the management of neurotrauma is challenging due to a lack of infrastructure, trained personnel, and resources. Most of the patients with neurotrauma are referred to tertiary care centers for specialized treatment, but these centers are limited in number and are mainly located in major cities. The lack of adequate transport systems and long distances to these centers result in delayed treatment, which often exacerbates the patient’s condition and increases the risk of mortality. The availability of trained personnel is another significant challenge in neurotrauma care. In Pakistan, there is a shortage of neurosurgeons, and those available are concentrated in urban centers. This concentration of specialists makes it challenging for patients in remote and rural areas to access specialized care. Additionally, the lack of trained personnel in emergency departments and critical care units further limits the quality of care provided to patients with neurotrauma. The resources available for neurotrauma care in Pakistan are also limited. There is a shortage of essential medical equipment, such as ventilators, monitors, and imaging equipment, which are critical for the diagnosis and treatment of neurotrauma patients. This lack of equipment is particularly acute in rural areas, where even basic medical supplies are scarce. The shortage of resources further limits the ability of medical professionals to provide quality care to patients with neurotrauma. Another significant challenge in neurotrauma care in Pakistan is the lack of public awareness and education.3 Due to the lack of awareness, many patients do not seek medical attention immediately after sustaining an injury. This delay in seeking treatment often exacerbates the patient’s condition, leading to higher mortality and morbidity rates. Additionally, the lack of education among the general public regarding the management and prevention of neurotrauma increases the incidence of these injuries. Despite these challenges, efforts are being made to improve neurotrauma care in Pakistan. One such initiative is the establishment of neurotrauma centers across the country. These centers provide specialized care to patients with neurotrauma and help to bridge the gap between urban and rural areas. The centers are equipped with specialized me
{"title":"Neurotrauma Care: A Pakistani Perspective","authors":"Ahtesham Khizar","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1769803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1769803","url":null,"abstract":"Dear editor, Neurotrauma is a medical condition that occurs due to an injury to the brain or spinal cord. In Pakistan, neurotrauma care is a significant concern due to a high incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) resulting from road traffic accidents, falls, and violence.1 According to a recent study, Pakistan had 81 TBI cases per 100,000 population, with a 15% fatality rate.2 TBI is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the country, with an estimated 600,000 cases reported each year. However, despite the high incidence of TBI, neurotrauma care in Pakistan remains inadequate, and there is a need to improve the quality and accessibility of services. In Pakistan, the management of neurotrauma is challenging due to a lack of infrastructure, trained personnel, and resources. Most of the patients with neurotrauma are referred to tertiary care centers for specialized treatment, but these centers are limited in number and are mainly located in major cities. The lack of adequate transport systems and long distances to these centers result in delayed treatment, which often exacerbates the patient’s condition and increases the risk of mortality. The availability of trained personnel is another significant challenge in neurotrauma care. In Pakistan, there is a shortage of neurosurgeons, and those available are concentrated in urban centers. This concentration of specialists makes it challenging for patients in remote and rural areas to access specialized care. Additionally, the lack of trained personnel in emergency departments and critical care units further limits the quality of care provided to patients with neurotrauma. The resources available for neurotrauma care in Pakistan are also limited. There is a shortage of essential medical equipment, such as ventilators, monitors, and imaging equipment, which are critical for the diagnosis and treatment of neurotrauma patients. This lack of equipment is particularly acute in rural areas, where even basic medical supplies are scarce. The shortage of resources further limits the ability of medical professionals to provide quality care to patients with neurotrauma. Another significant challenge in neurotrauma care in Pakistan is the lack of public awareness and education.3 Due to the lack of awareness, many patients do not seek medical attention immediately after sustaining an injury. This delay in seeking treatment often exacerbates the patient’s condition, leading to higher mortality and morbidity rates. Additionally, the lack of education among the general public regarding the management and prevention of neurotrauma increases the incidence of these injuries. Despite these challenges, efforts are being made to improve neurotrauma care in Pakistan. One such initiative is the establishment of neurotrauma centers across the country. These centers provide specialized care to patients with neurotrauma and help to bridge the gap between urban and rural areas. The centers are equipped with specialized me","PeriodicalId":43198,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Neurotrauma","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88140543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Choudhary, S. Sobti, N. Dev, B. Kulshreshtha, R. Sharma, K. Kaushik, Ashok Kumar
Abstract Background The frequency and pattern of endocrinal abnormalities among patients with traumatic brain injury occur more frequently than previously suspected. Objective The aim of this study was to assess anterior pituitary dysfunction in patients with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury and outcome after treatment. Material and Methods One hundred patients with moderate-to-severe head injury presenting within 48 hours of injury were enrolled. Blood samples of all patients were taken for the hormonal assay at second day, at 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. Patients were evaluated by Glasgow coma scale (GCS), Glasgow outcome score (GOS), and hormone profile. Results The median GCS score was 10/15. Forty-four patients were operated and 56 patients were managed medically. Seven operated patients expired; 30 patients had good recovery. In conservative group, 46 patients had good outcome and two patients died. Cortisol and thyroid hormone values were changed prominently, followed by prolactin and growth hormone. On univariate analysis, association of GOS with fT3, fT4, serum prolactin, and serum cortisol was seen. On multivariate analysis, strong correlation of GOS with f T4 values was seen ( p = 0.008) Conclusion Most of the hormonal deficiency occurs in immediate phase. Hormonal screening should be done to improve long term outcome.
{"title":"Dilemmas in the Management of Acute TBI: A Prospective Observational Study of Anterior Pituitary Dysfunction and Its Correlation with Outcome","authors":"A. Choudhary, S. Sobti, N. Dev, B. Kulshreshtha, R. Sharma, K. Kaushik, Ashok Kumar","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1769802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1769802","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background The frequency and pattern of endocrinal abnormalities among patients with traumatic brain injury occur more frequently than previously suspected. Objective The aim of this study was to assess anterior pituitary dysfunction in patients with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury and outcome after treatment. Material and Methods One hundred patients with moderate-to-severe head injury presenting within 48 hours of injury were enrolled. Blood samples of all patients were taken for the hormonal assay at second day, at 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. Patients were evaluated by Glasgow coma scale (GCS), Glasgow outcome score (GOS), and hormone profile. Results The median GCS score was 10/15. Forty-four patients were operated and 56 patients were managed medically. Seven operated patients expired; 30 patients had good recovery. In conservative group, 46 patients had good outcome and two patients died. Cortisol and thyroid hormone values were changed prominently, followed by prolactin and growth hormone. On univariate analysis, association of GOS with fT3, fT4, serum prolactin, and serum cortisol was seen. On multivariate analysis, strong correlation of GOS with f T4 values was seen ( p = 0.008) Conclusion Most of the hormonal deficiency occurs in immediate phase. Hormonal screening should be done to improve long term outcome.","PeriodicalId":43198,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Neurotrauma","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85357364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract A 62-year-old man was referred for a transorbital injury. A preoperative computed tomography scanner confirmed an 8 cm long × 14 mm wooden piece penetrating the right orbit and perforating the anterior cranial base until the frontal lobe with no apparent prominent vascular injury. However, an unexpected posterior fossa tumor causing blocked hydrocephalus was unveiled. Extraction of the wooden stick was safely achieved after intracranial exploration followed by meticulous cleaning and careful watertight closure to prevent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage. Except the right eyesight loss, he initially recovered well, were it not for his hard-to-treat hydrocephalus. What at the time of its discovery seemed to be a less important but very likely the indirect cause of its injury, became unexpectedly problematic. Despite all CSF diversion procedures, the patient worsened gradually. Neither a failed attempt to remove the tumor due to the fourth ventricle floor broad infiltration nor the posterior fossa decompressive craniectomy succeeded in improving his neurological status. Despite the diagnosis of a grade II ependymoma, the tumor demonstrated an aggressive radiological behavior with an intense edema of the brainstem, possibly the cause of his drowsiness. Unfortunately, he died of tumor progression solely 52 days after his transorbital injury.
{"title":"When a Transorbital Penetrating Brain Injury Reveals the Infratentorial Tumor: A Case Report and Technical Note","authors":"Charles Champeaux-Depond, T. Passeri, Y. Caudron","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1769801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1769801","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A 62-year-old man was referred for a transorbital injury. A preoperative computed tomography scanner confirmed an 8 cm long × 14 mm wooden piece penetrating the right orbit and perforating the anterior cranial base until the frontal lobe with no apparent prominent vascular injury. However, an unexpected posterior fossa tumor causing blocked hydrocephalus was unveiled. Extraction of the wooden stick was safely achieved after intracranial exploration followed by meticulous cleaning and careful watertight closure to prevent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage. Except the right eyesight loss, he initially recovered well, were it not for his hard-to-treat hydrocephalus. What at the time of its discovery seemed to be a less important but very likely the indirect cause of its injury, became unexpectedly problematic. Despite all CSF diversion procedures, the patient worsened gradually. Neither a failed attempt to remove the tumor due to the fourth ventricle floor broad infiltration nor the posterior fossa decompressive craniectomy succeeded in improving his neurological status. Despite the diagnosis of a grade II ependymoma, the tumor demonstrated an aggressive radiological behavior with an intense edema of the brainstem, possibly the cause of his drowsiness. Unfortunately, he died of tumor progression solely 52 days after his transorbital injury.","PeriodicalId":43198,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Neurotrauma","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73091948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Vertex epidural hematoma (vEDH) is a rare type of intracranial hematoma, which accounts for 0.024% of all head injuries and 0.47 to 8.2% of intracranial hematoma, with high mortality rate of approximately 50% if not detected early. We report a case of 30-year-old male with fall from height presenting with headache and bradycardia. Craniotomy with complete evacuation of vEDH was done. vEDH is a relatively rare entity and in suspected case of vEDH one should always get thin cuts of computed tomography along with sagittal and coronal cuts.
{"title":"Traumatic Acute Vertex Epidural Hematoma(vEDH): A Case Report","authors":"L. Tyngkan, Memida Laloo, Mebanshanbor Garod Pasi","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1769799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1769799","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Vertex epidural hematoma (vEDH) is a rare type of intracranial hematoma, which accounts for 0.024% of all head injuries and 0.47 to 8.2% of intracranial hematoma, with high mortality rate of approximately 50% if not detected early. We report a case of 30-year-old male with fall from height presenting with headache and bradycardia. Craniotomy with complete evacuation of vEDH was done. vEDH is a relatively rare entity and in suspected case of vEDH one should always get thin cuts of computed tomography along with sagittal and coronal cuts.","PeriodicalId":43198,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Neurotrauma","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81051713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a common neurosurgical condition characterized by abnormal collection of blood products in the subdural space with indolent course of progression. Its pathophysiology is complex and many theories have been put forward over time. Its presentation varies from a minimally symptomatic event to potentially serious neurosurgical emergencies. The surgical evacuation is the mainstay of its management although there has been some interest in pharmacological and minimally invasive endovascular options in this millennium. The prognosis depends on a number of factors, some of which are interdependent.
{"title":"Chronic Subdural Hematoma: Past, Present, and Future","authors":"Pragnesh Bhatt","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1771000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1771000","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a common neurosurgical condition characterized by abnormal collection of blood products in the subdural space with indolent course of progression. Its pathophysiology is complex and many theories have been put forward over time. Its presentation varies from a minimally symptomatic event to potentially serious neurosurgical emergencies. The surgical evacuation is the mainstay of its management although there has been some interest in pharmacological and minimally invasive endovascular options in this millennium. The prognosis depends on a number of factors, some of which are interdependent.","PeriodicalId":43198,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Neurotrauma","volume":"57 1","pages":"161 - 164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139360690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is not only an acute condition but also a chronic disease with long-term consequences. Intracranial hematomas are considered the primary consequences that occur in TBI and may have devastating effects that may lead to mass effect on the brain and eventually cause secondary brain injury. Emergent detection of hematoma in computed tomography (CT) scans and assessment of three major determinants, namely, location, volume, and size, is crucial for prognosis and decision-making, and artificial intelligence (AI) using deep learning techniques, such as convolutional neural networks (CNN) has received extended attention after demonstrations that it could perform at least as well as humans in imaging classification tasks. This article conducts a comparative review of medical and technological literature to update and establish evidence as to how technology can be utilized rightly for increasing the efficiency of the clinical workflow in emergency cases. A systematic and comprehensive literature search was conducted in the electronic database of PubMed and Google Scholar from 2013 to 2023 to identify studies related to the automated detection of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Inclusion and exclusion criteria were set to filter out the most relevant articles. We identified 15 studies on the development and validation of computer-assisted screening and analysis algorithms that used head CT scans. Our review shows that AI algorithms can prioritize radiology worklists to reduce time to screen for ICH in the head scans sufficiently and may also identify subtle ICH overlooked by radiologists, and that automated ICH detection tool holds promise for introduction into routine clinical practice.
{"title":"Automated Detection of Intracranial Hemorrhage from Head CT Scans Applying Deep Learning Techniques in Traumatic Brain Injuries: A Comparative Review","authors":"D. Agrawal, Latha Poonamallee, Sharwari Joshi","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1770770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1770770","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is not only an acute condition but also a chronic disease with long-term consequences. Intracranial hematomas are considered the primary consequences that occur in TBI and may have devastating effects that may lead to mass effect on the brain and eventually cause secondary brain injury. Emergent detection of hematoma in computed tomography (CT) scans and assessment of three major determinants, namely, location, volume, and size, is crucial for prognosis and decision-making, and artificial intelligence (AI) using deep learning techniques, such as convolutional neural networks (CNN) has received extended attention after demonstrations that it could perform at least as well as humans in imaging classification tasks. This article conducts a comparative review of medical and technological literature to update and establish evidence as to how technology can be utilized rightly for increasing the efficiency of the clinical workflow in emergency cases. A systematic and comprehensive literature search was conducted in the electronic database of PubMed and Google Scholar from 2013 to 2023 to identify studies related to the automated detection of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Inclusion and exclusion criteria were set to filter out the most relevant articles. We identified 15 studies on the development and validation of computer-assisted screening and analysis algorithms that used head CT scans. Our review shows that AI algorithms can prioritize radiology worklists to reduce time to screen for ICH in the head scans sufficiently and may also identify subtle ICH overlooked by radiologists, and that automated ICH detection tool holds promise for introduction into routine clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":43198,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Neurotrauma","volume":"97 1","pages":"081 - 088"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80698362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Secondary insults such as brain edema are an important and relatively common event occurring after traumatic brain injury (TBI), leading to consequences such as raised intracranial pressure and cerebral herniation. Further, posttraumatic in fl ammatory changes are known to signi fi cantly contribute to neuronal dysfunction
{"title":"Steroids and Traumatic Brain Injury: Time to Revisit?","authors":"G. Prasad, D. Agarwal","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1769804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1769804","url":null,"abstract":"Secondary insults such as brain edema are an important and relatively common event occurring after traumatic brain injury (TBI), leading to consequences such as raised intracranial pressure and cerebral herniation. Further, posttraumatic in fl ammatory changes are known to signi fi cantly contribute to neuronal dysfunction","PeriodicalId":43198,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Neurotrauma","volume":"50 2 1","pages":"063 - 064"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90922586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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