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2015 International Conference on Advanced Robotics (ICAR)最新文献

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Distributed fault diagnosis for multiple mobile robots using an agent programming language 基于智能体编程语言的多移动机器人分布式故障诊断
Pub Date : 2015-07-27 DOI: 10.1109/ICAR.2015.7251486
M. G. Morais, Felipe Meneguzzi, Rafael Heitor Bordini, Alexandre M. Amory
Programming autonomous multi-robot systems can be extremely complex without the use of appropriate software development techniques to abstract away the hardware heterogeneity and to overcome the complexity of distributed software to coordinate autonomous behavior. Moreover, real-world environments are dynamic, which can generate unpredictable events that can lead the robots to failure. This paper presents a highly abstract cooperative fault diagnosis method for a team of mobile robots described through a high level programming environment based on ROS (Robot Operating System) and the Jason multi-agent framework. When a robot detects a failure, it can perform two types of diagnosis methods: a local method executed on the faulty robot itself and a cooperative method where another robot helps the faulty robot to determine the source of failure. A case study demonstrates the effectiveness of out approach on two robots.
如果不使用适当的软件开发技术来抽象硬件的异构性并克服分布式软件的复杂性来协调自治行为,那么自主多机器人系统的编程可能会非常复杂。此外,现实世界的环境是动态的,可能会产生不可预测的事件,导致机器人失败。通过基于ROS (Robot Operating System)和Jason多智能体框架的高级编程环境,提出了一种高度抽象的移动机器人团队协同故障诊断方法。当机器人检测到故障时,它可以执行两种诊断方法:一种是对故障机器人本身执行的局部方法,另一种是由另一个机器人帮助故障机器人确定故障来源的合作方法。实例研究表明了该方法在两个机器人上的有效性。
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引用次数: 9
Asymmetric stability property of a sagittal-plane model with a compliant leg and Rolling contact 具有柔腿和滚动接触的矢状面模型的不对称稳定性
Pub Date : 2015-07-27 DOI: 10.1109/ICAR.2015.7251442
Chun-Kai Huang, Pei-Chun Lin
We report on the stability analysis of the Rolling SLIP (R-SLIP) model, a sagittal-plane and point-mass model with a compliant leg and rolling ground contact. Owing to its asymmetric morphology, it has four different operation modes according to the range of the initial mass speed and leg configuration. Using the return map analysis, the asymmetric stability property of the R-SLIP model was investigated and compared with that of the SLIP model. The analysis results reveal that the R-SLIP model has better but more complicated stability characteristics than the SLIP model. The analysis results also suggest that the R-SLIP model operates better when it has a soft to hard stiffness change. In addition, the effect of the torsion spring position was also investigated.
本文报道了具有柔性腿和滚动地面接触的矢状面-点-质量模型(R-SLIP)的稳定性分析。由于其非对称形态,根据初始质量、速度和腿形的不同,有四种不同的运行模式。利用回归图分析方法,研究了R-SLIP模型的不对称稳定性,并与SLIP模型进行了比较。分析结果表明,R-SLIP模型比SLIP模型具有更好但更复杂的稳定特性。分析结果还表明,当R-SLIP模型从软刚度到硬刚度变化时,其运行效果更好。此外,还研究了扭转弹簧位置的影响。
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引用次数: 2
A bio-inspired model of visual pursuit combining feedback and predictive control for a humanoid robot 结合反馈与预测控制的仿人机器人仿生视觉追踪模型
Pub Date : 2015-07-27 DOI: 10.1109/ICAR.2015.7251454
E. Falotico, Lorenzo Vannucci, Nicola Di Lecce, P. Dario, C. Laschi
Humans are able to track a moving visual target by generating voluntary smooth pursuit eye movements. The purpose of smooth pursuit eye movements is to minimize the target velocity projected onto the retina (retinal slip). This is not achievable by a control based on a negative feedback due to the delays in the visual information processing. In this paper we propose a model, suitable for a robotic implementation, able to integrate the main characteristics of visual feedback and predictive control of the smooth pursuit. The model is composed of an inverse dynamics controller for the feedback control, a neural predictor for the anticipation of the target motion and an Weighted Sum module that is able to combine the previous systems in a proper way. Our results, tested on a simulated eye model of our humanoid robot, show that this model can use prediction for a zero-lag visual tracking, use a feedback based control for “unpredictable” target pursuit and combine these two approaches properly switching from one to the other, depending on the target dynamics, in order to guarantee a stable visual pursuit.
人类能够通过自发的平滑的眼球运动来追踪移动的视觉目标。平滑追踪眼球运动的目的是最小化投射到视网膜上的目标速度(视网膜滑动)。由于视觉信息处理的延迟,基于负反馈的控制无法实现这一点。在本文中,我们提出了一个适合机器人实现的模型,能够将视觉反馈和平滑追踪的预测控制的主要特征集成在一起。该模型由用于反馈控制的逆动力学控制器、用于目标运动预测的神经预测器和能够适当地结合先前系统的加权和模块组成。我们的研究结果在仿人机器人的模拟眼睛模型上进行了测试,结果表明该模型可以使用预测进行零滞后视觉跟踪,使用基于反馈的控制进行“不可预测”的目标跟踪,并根据目标动态适当地将这两种方法相结合,以保证稳定的视觉追踪。
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引用次数: 2
A humanoid walking pattern generator for sole design optimization 鞋底设计优化的仿人行走模式生成器
Pub Date : 2015-07-27 DOI: 10.1109/ICAR.2015.7251441
Adrien Pajon, Giovanni De Magistris, S. Miossec, K. Kaneko, A. Kheddar
We devised a new walking pattern generator based on a minimization of the energy consumption that offers the necessary parameters to be used in flexible sole design problems. This pattern generator is implemented in two sets of experiments implying the HRP-2 humanoid robot: walking with different weighting between (i) the center of mass forces, and (ii) torques applied at the ankle joint. We also considered two types of feet: the HRP-2 built-in flexible ankle, and our proposed solution that keeps the ankle-to-foot without flexibility and add instead a flexible sole. The latter shows several benefits that are discussed.
我们设计了一种新的基于能量消耗最小化的行走模式生成器,为柔性鞋底的设计问题提供了必要的参数。该模式生成器在HRP-2类人机器人的两组实验中实现:在(i)质心力和(ii)施加于踝关节的扭矩之间以不同的权重行走。我们还考虑了两种类型的脚:HRP-2内置的柔性踝关节,以及我们提出的解决方案,即保持踝关节与脚之间没有灵活性,而是增加一个柔性鞋底。后者显示了讨论的几个好处。
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引用次数: 12
Switching method to avoid algorithmic singularity in vision-based control of a space robot 空间机器人视觉控制中避免算法奇异性的切换方法
Pub Date : 2015-07-27 DOI: 10.1109/ICAR.2015.7251467
S. Shah, V. Anurag, A. Hafez, K. Krishna
This paper presents a novel approach for algorithmic singularity avoidance for reactionless visual servoing of a satellite mounted space robot. Task priority approach is used to perform visual servoing while reactionless manipulation of the space robot. Algorithmic singularity is prominent in such cases of prioritizing two tasks. The algorithmic singularity is different from the kinematic and dynamic singularities as the former is an artefact of the tasks at hand, and difficult to predict. In this paper, we present a geometric interpretation of its occurrence, and propose a method to avoid it. The method involves path planning in image space, and generates a sequence of images that guides the robot towards goal avoiding algorithmic singularity. The method is illustrated through numerical studies on a 6-DOF planar dual-arm robot mounted on a service satellite.
提出了一种星载空间机器人无反应视觉伺服的奇异避免算法。采用任务优先级方法对空间机器人进行无反应操纵时的视觉伺服控制。算法奇点在两个任务优先排序的情况下是突出的。算法奇点不同于运动奇点和动态奇点,因为前者是当前任务的人工产物,难以预测。在本文中,我们提出了其发生的几何解释,并提出了一种方法来避免它。该方法涉及图像空间的路径规划,并生成一系列图像,引导机器人走向目标避免算法奇点。最后以某服务卫星上的六自由度平面双臂机器人为例进行了数值研究。
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引用次数: 5
Additive manufacturing for agile legged robots with hydraulic actuation 液压驱动敏捷腿式机器人的增材制造
Pub Date : 2015-07-27 DOI: 10.1109/ICAR.2015.7251444
C. Semini, Jake Goldsmith, D. Manfredi, F. Calignano, E. Ambrosio, J. Pakkanen, D. Caldwell
Agile and versatile legged robots are expected to become useful machines for applications in unstructured environments where traditional vehicles with wheels and tracks cannot go. Hydraulic actuation has proven to be a suitable actuation technology due to its high power density, robustness against impacts and high stiffness for high bandwidth control. In this paper we demonstrate how additive manufacturing (AM) can produce highly integrated hydraulic components with reduced weight and higher complexity when compared to traditionally manufactured manifolds. To the best knowledge of the authors, this is the first time a successful implementation of direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) of hydraulic manifolds made in aluminium alloy AlSiMg is presented. AlSiMg has several advantages for the construction of hydraulic components when compared to the commonly used Titanium alloys (e.g. Ti64): lower cost, higher thermal conductivity, lower density and easier to post-process. This paper first explains the build process with DMLS of AlSiMg and a pre-study of a pressure-tested hydraulic tube that demonstrated the suitability of AlSiMg for AM hydraulic components. Then, we discuss part orientation and support material during the build process of a highly-integrated hydraulic manifold for the legs of IIT's new hydraulic quadruped robot HyQ2Max. A comparison of this manifold with a traditionally manufactured alternative concludes the paper.
灵活和多用途的有腿机器人有望成为在传统车轮和履带车辆无法进入的非结构化环境中应用的有用机器。液压作动具有高功率密度、抗冲击、高刚度、高带宽控制等优点,是一种合适的作动技术。在本文中,我们展示了与传统制造的歧管相比,增材制造(AM)如何能够生产出重量更轻、复杂性更高的高度集成的液压元件。据作者所知,这是第一次成功地实现了直接金属激光烧结(DMLS)铝合金AlSiMg液压歧管。与常用的钛合金(如Ti64)相比,AlSiMg在制造液压元件方面具有几个优势:成本更低,导热性更高,密度更低,后处理更容易。本文首先解释了AlSiMg的DMLS的构建过程,并对一个压力测试液压管进行了预研究,证明了AlSiMg对AM液压元件的适用性。然后,我们讨论了IIT新型液压四足机器人HyQ2Max腿的高度集成液压歧管的制造过程中的零件方向和支撑材料。本文最后对该歧管与传统制造的歧管进行了比较。
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引用次数: 40
Performance analysis of time-delay bilateral teleoperation using impedance-controlled slaves 基于阻抗控制从机的时延双边遥操作性能分析
Pub Date : 2015-07-27 DOI: 10.1109/ICAR.2015.7251429
J. Rebelo, A. Schiele
Recently developed impedance-controlled robots are better suited than conventional industrial robots for executing human-like contact tasks. However, performance of a system when using such device as a slave in time-delay bilateral teleoperation is still unknown. It is the goal of this paper to analyse the performance of a 4-channel time-delay bilateral teleoperation system with an impedance-type master device commanding an impedance-controlled slave. Using the newly introduced reflected damping in free-air criterion, it is shown that the damping felt by the human operator interacting with the system while the slave is in free-air is dependent on the local controller parameters and increases linearly with the time-delay with a factor dependent on the master and slave proportional controller gains. The transparency analysis of the system shows that, independently of the time-delay or controller parameters, a stiffness equal to that of the environment is transmitted to the operator. The experimental validation, using a 1-dof master-slave teleoperation system, shows that the proposed criterion can approximate the identified damping with an accuracy of 5% for time-delay values up to 30 ms. It is also highlighted by the experimental results that, in the transition between free-air and rigid contact, the impedance rendered to the operator is lower than that of the actual environment.
最近开发的阻抗控制机器人比传统的工业机器人更适合执行类人接触任务。然而,在时滞双边遥操作中,使用该装置作为从机时,系统的性能仍然是未知的。本文的目的是分析一种由阻抗型主设备指挥阻抗控制的从设备的四通道延时双边远程操作系统的性能。利用新引入的自由空气反射阻尼判据,表明当从机处于自由空气状态时,人类操作者与系统交互时感受到的阻尼取决于局部控制器参数,并随时滞线性增加,其因子与主从比例控制器增益有关。系统的透明性分析表明,在不受时滞或控制器参数影响的情况下,系统向操作者传递了与环境刚度相等的刚度。在1自由度主从远程操作系统上进行了实验验证,结果表明,对于30 ms以内的时延值,所提出的准则能以5%的精度逼近所识别的阻尼。实验结果还强调,在自由空气和刚性接触之间的过渡中,呈现给操作员的阻抗低于实际环境的阻抗。
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引用次数: 2
Cooperative approach for an optimal area coverage and connectivity in multi-robot systems 多机器人系统中最佳区域覆盖和连接的协作方法
Pub Date : 2015-07-27 DOI: 10.1109/ICAR.2015.7251452
Zineb Laouici, Mami Mohammed Amine, Khelfi Mohamed Fayçal
This paper addresses the problem of covering an open area by using multiple robots. Our paper proposes a heuristic algorithm to maximize area coverage of mobile robots team and maintain connectivity. This algorithm adopts the principle of spreading a wave in order to guide the movements of robots. This wave starts from a point and spreading in regular way. So in each step, the central robot builds a wave around it using the adequate robots from its direct neighbors. The mobile robots coordinate to determine the next destinations to reach, so the coverage time and traveled distance is minimized. Also the robots network has less overhead messages because each robot communicates only with it directs neighbors. We present also an approach for self-redeployment in case of failure. The simulation results are presented to validate the performance of our approach.
本文解决了使用多个机器人覆盖开放区域的问题。本文提出了一种启发式算法来最大化移动机器人团队的区域覆盖并保持连通性。该算法采用传播波的原理来引导机器人的运动。这个波从一个点开始,以规则的方式传播。因此,在每一步中,中央机器人利用其直接邻居的足够数量的机器人在它周围制造一个波。移动机器人协调确定下一个要到达的目的地,从而使覆盖时间和行进距离最小化。此外,机器人网络的开销信息较少,因为每个机器人只与它指导的邻居通信。我们还提出了一种在失败情况下自我重新部署的方法。仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 9
Vector based closed-loop control methodology for industrial robots 基于矢量的工业机器人闭环控制方法
Pub Date : 2015-07-27 DOI: 10.1109/ICAR.2015.7251495
A. Buschhaus, Andreas Blank, J. Franke
Improving the absolute accuracy of industrial robots is addressed by multiple activities of research institutes and robot manufacturers. Challenging in this context is an accuracy improvement of the robot during the movement. This is due to the necessity of providing time efficient and accurate target and actual state determination modules, an adequate data synchronization and a proper correction value calculation. This information can then be used to establish an online closed-loop control of the robot. One difficulty in such a system is to guarantee a smooth and steady movement despite the continuous inaccuracy compensation. To overcome this problem, recent research activities address a vector based control method. Thereby, the path planning is transferred to an external control unit, which performs all calculation steps. Based on this calculation, movement vectors synchronized with the interpolation cycle time of the robot are computed, continuously sent to the robot controller and brought to execution. These vectors include components, which describe the deviation between actual and target state and hence allow a compensation of the inaccuracies. Thereby, the robot is “pushed” along its optimal trajectory by small increments. Experiments already show good results, allowing a reactive control together with a smooth movement execution.
提高工业机器人的绝对精度是研究机构和机器人制造商的多项活动。在这种情况下,具有挑战性的是机器人在运动过程中的精度提高。这是由于需要提供时间高效和准确的目标和实际状态确定模块,充分的数据同步和适当的校正值计算。这些信息可以用来建立机器人的在线闭环控制。该系统的难点之一是在连续误差补偿的情况下保证运动平稳。为了克服这一问题,最近的研究活动提出了一种基于病媒的控制方法。从而,将路径规划传递给执行所有计算步骤的外部控制单元。在此基础上,计算出与机器人插补周期时间同步的运动向量,连续发送给机器人控制器并执行。这些矢量包括描述实际状态和目标状态之间偏差的分量,因此允许对不准确性进行补偿。因此,机器人被以小的增量沿着其最优轨迹“推动”。实验已经显示出良好的结果,允许反应性控制和平滑的运动执行。
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引用次数: 4
Building maps with Multi-Robot Systems under limited communication 在有限通信条件下用多机器人系统构建地图
Pub Date : 2015-07-27 DOI: 10.1109/ICAR.2015.7251489
José Gilmar Nunes de Carvalho Filho, J. Farines, J. Cury
In the last two decades, several methods to exploration with Multi-Robot Systems (MRS) have been proposed, most of them based in the detection and allocation of frontiers. However, communication issues and robots' map Synchronization problem usually are neglected by the authors. In this paper, a distributed scheme that can handle some important communication issues is proposed to synchronize the maps of the robots and other relevant information in a network. We also propose a scheme to represent the information robots have about the application that allows them share information with each other avoiding the exchanging of unnecessary information. Some experiments were also performed to verify the efficacy and efficiency the method and also to compare it with the method proposed by Sheng.
在过去的二十年里,人们提出了几种利用多机器人系统(MRS)进行勘探的方法,其中大多数是基于边界的检测和分配。然而,通信问题和机器人的地图同步问题往往被作者所忽视。本文提出了一种能够处理一些重要通信问题的分布式方案来同步网络中机器人的地图和其他相关信息。我们还提出了一种方案来表示机器人对应用程序的信息,使它们能够相互共享信息,避免不必要的信息交换。通过实验验证了该方法的有效性和有效性,并与盛氏的方法进行了比较。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
2015 International Conference on Advanced Robotics (ICAR)
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