Revista Cuidarte最新文献

Introduction: The ethical climate is defined as the shared perception among healthcare professionals of what is ethically correct behavior and how to deal with ethical issues.

Objective: To evaluate the perception of the ethical climate among health professionals working in an emergency room.

Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study carried out with healthcare professionals working in the emergency room of a university hospital in southern Brazil. Collection took place in January 2024 through the Positive Ethical Climate Promotion Platform, through the Hospital Ethical Climate Survey-Brazilian Version instrument. The data was organized and analyzed on the Positive Ethical Climate Promotion Platform, applying descriptive statistics.

Results: 71 health professionals participated in the research, in which the general ethical climate was classified as positive (M=3.73; SD=0.60). The factors were evaluated as positive, except for the medical factor (M=3.23; SD=1.16), classified as negative. Descriptively, female professionals (p=0.063), with a partner (p=0.508), aged over 42 years (p=0.047) and with training time over 17 years (p=0.072) presented high averages for positive ethical climate, however, only age showed a significant association.

Discussion: Despite the positive assessment of the general ethical climate, the importance of self-reflection and self-awareness when making ethical decisions in care is understood.

Conclusion: The general ethical climate and its factors were evaluated as positive, however, the medical factor was perceived as negative.

Introduction: Empathy is an attribute that contributes to humane care of patients and increases the likelihood of successful treatment.

Objective: To measure the levels of empathy and its dimensions, and diagnose empathic behavior in medicine and nursing students.

Materials and methods: This was a non-experimental, cross-sectional study in which Colombian nursing and medicine students were evaluated using the Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE). A factor analysis, an analysis of invariance, and a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used, and the data were compared to specific cut-off points for each program. Effect size and power of the tests were estimated for the comparisons performed.

Results: The theoretical model for the construct 'empathy' fitted the observed data, and the invariance of the model between groups was confirmed. Differences were observed between nursing and medical students, as well as between sexes, with results favoring the women group.

Discussion: The differences found between students could be partly due to the curricular differences of the programs and the students' interests, whereas those related to sex may be due to characteristics observed in Latin American population. The identified empathy deficiencies allowed for the development of a diagnosis for nursing and medicine students.

Conclusion: Based on the findings, it is possible to diagnose the empathy levels of students of both programs by identifying the deficiencies observed in the dimensions of empathy.

Introduction: The quality of life of professors is an important standard for their job performance.

Objective: To determine the influence of workload on the quality of life of professors at a Peruvian university.

Materials and methods: This was a study with a quantitative, explanatory, cross-sectional approach applied to 326 active employees and professors at a Peruvian university during the years 2023 and 2024. Two questionnaires validated in Peru were administered. The questionnaires asked about sociodemographic data, SF-36 quality of life, and the workload scale. The data were analyzed using Studio R software, correlation analysis with Pearson R, and the explanatory model with linear regression methods.

Results: It was found that, in the workload, an average of 11.56 was obtained, which shows a workload with low distribution among professors.

Discussion: It was found that there is a positive and moderate correlation between workload and four dimensions of quality of life, which are physical role, bodily pain, emotional role, and social functioning; it was observed that these are significant predictors of workload.

Conclusion: It is concluded that workload and quality of life influence each other. However, no relationship was found between the variables; important specific correlations were identified between workload and three dimensions of quality of life (emotional role, bodily pain, and social functioning).

Introduction: In recent years, human-to-human transmission of MPXV has been frequently reported. Despite this, there is a lack of studies with strong evidence to guide the care practice focused on cases of human mpox.

Objective: To analyze scientific evidence in the literature that addresses clinical aspects related to cases of human mpox on the global scenario.

Materials and methods: Integrative review conducted using five databases: SCOPUS, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, MEDLINE/PubMed and CINAHL. The last date of database access was October 3, 2024. The selection of studies and review report followed the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline.

Results: With a sample of 58 studies, the main findings were aspects related to signs and symptoms, transmission, diagnosis, prevention and care for the multidisciplinary and nursing teams.

Discussion: No studies were found that frequently and specifically addressed the care for the multidisciplinary team and, above all, the nursing team. Therefore, the results ofthis review mayfacilitate the management of patients with MPXV-related infections.

Conclusions: This study promoted the collection of scientific evidence that supports the care for patients with human mpox for the multidisciplinary team and the nursing team, which contributes to prevention, early detection and treatment of MPXV infection and its possible complications.

Introduction: Low vision is a sensory impairment that restricts the autonomous execution of activities of daily living, negatively affecting the quality of life and fostering the appearance of stigma.

Objective: To explore the experiences and feelings about stigma experienced by people with low vision to provide elements that favor their understanding within the framework of a comprehensive care process.

Materials and methods: A phenomenological study was conducted, employing in-depth interviews with 10 low-vision individuals, selected based on convenience.

Results: The reports indicate that the experiences associated with the stigmatization process include a lack of differentiation between individuals who are blind and those with low vision, inadequate signage, and cultural and communicative practices that are based on ocularcentrism. In terms of emotional responses, a lack of positive self-perception is the most significant factor, leading to social withdrawal. Finally, the proposed strategies compass the formation of support networks, the provision of psychosocial assistance, the adaptation of physical spaces, and the promotion of organizational restructuring in educational institutions and companies.

Discussion: The stigma associated with low vision is the result of a set of cultural factors and stereotypes, which can be explained as a phenomenon through the socio-ecological model, providing information to design interventions at the individual, community, organizational, and structural levels.

Conclusion: The experiences derived from social interaction, educational processes, and work activity generate feelings that modify the stigmatization process in low-vision individuals. Therefore, studying and planning health interventions from different levels is advisable, considering the gender and life cycle perspective.

Introduction: Exposure to dampness and mold in houses can lead to health problems among residents.

Objective: To assess the face and content validity of the "Dampness and Mold Assessment Tool. General Buildings" instrument, proposed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, for use in Spanish-speaking Latin American contexts.

Materials and methods: A face and content validation study was conducted through expert evaluation using the Delphi method. The Content Validity Index (CVI) was calculated for clarity, coherence, sufficiency, and relevance, as well as the level of agreement among raters.

Results: A total of 20 expert evaluators participated, with an average of 18.5 ± 9.09 years of experience; 50% held doctoral degrees, and the other 50% held master's degrees. The CVI scores were above 0.75 for all items, except for "room/area type" which had a CVI of 0.65. Agreement among experts was statistically significant (p < 0.05) except for "room/area type" (p = 0.055). Adjustments to the instrument were made based on the evaluators' recommendations.

Discussion: This study is one of the first to validate this instrument, with potential for adaptation to various settings beyond residential, including hospitals, educational institutions, and workplaces.

Conclusion: The face and content validation process enabled the development of an instrument for assessing dampness and mold damage in Spanish-speaking Latin American settings, generating a semi-quantitative indicator. This tool is recommended for use in home visits and research to support data on factor validity, Rasch analysis, and reliability in its application.

Introduction: Sexually diverse nursing students often face situations of stigma and discrimination within the university environment, which can significantly affect their educational experience and well-being.

Objective: To understand nursing students' experiences regarding stigma and discrimination due to their sexual orientation or gender identity during their academic training.

Materials and methods: A qualitative phenomenological approach was employed. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight nursing students who identify as part of the LGBTQIA+ community. The collected data were analyzed using thematic analysis with the assistance of ATLAS.ti software.

Results: The participants were aged 20 to 22 years and were in their sixth to tenth academic semester. Data analysis identified three categories: stigma and discrimination, coping strategies, and university experience.

Discussion: The university community, recipients of care, and workers at practicum sites display stigmatizing and discriminatory behaviors toward nursing students who are sexually diverse and break social paradigms of what is considered normal.

Conclusion: Nursing students face stigma and discrimination based on their sexual orientation or gender identity during their academic training. To navigate these situations, they adopt coping strategies ranging from concealing their identity to reclaiming words insulting. The university is perceived as a safe space for expression and personal growth.

Introduction: For decades, spirituality has been rediscovered by health sciences, offering a foundation for how individuals relate to themselves, others, nature, or the transcendent. It is shaped by values and beliefs that guide salutogenic behaviors. However, theoretical development is still necessary, and the history of nursing is a place to find referents.

Objective: To historically validate the concept of spiritual health through the nursing care of St. John of God, the father reformer of nursing within the Hispanic Catholic ambit.

Materials and methods: Historiographic study based on the works of St. John of God and his mentor, spiritual master, and promoter, St. John of Avila. The categories of analysis were the definition and the four domains of spiritual health following Fisher's model.

Results-discussion: Comprehensive care of the human being encompassing the four domains was observed. Self: Self-care, introspection, and balance; Others: Compassion, empathy, and humane treatment; Nature: Contact with nature for healing; Transcendence: Religious faith as a source of meaning and peace. For John of God, spiritual health is the complete fulfillment of the individual.

Conclusions: Nursing practices of St. John of God validate the concept of spiritual health within Hispanic nursing. Therefore, we can affirm that his ideas may be relevant to nursing today.