Pub Date : 2013-05-06DOI: 10.1109/I2MTC.2013.6555622
K. Barbé, Lee Gonzales Fuentes, L. Barford, W. Moer
Despite the extensive literature, describing the probability content of measurements remains an important topic for engineering problems. The histogram remains the golden standard, even though kernel density estimation is a strong competitor when smooth estimates are desired. Critical user interaction is required for the use of both the histograms and kernel densities. A good choice for the bandwidth is essential in both cases. On top of that the kernel density method requires a proper choice of the kernel. Incorrect choices may lead to incorrect results generated by either masking important details or introducing false details. In this paper, we propose a new approach which requires no user-defined choices. The method is therefore fully automatic and provides the user a smooth density estimate of the probability content.
{"title":"Eliminating user-interaction in probability density estimation","authors":"K. Barbé, Lee Gonzales Fuentes, L. Barford, W. Moer","doi":"10.1109/I2MTC.2013.6555622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC.2013.6555622","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the extensive literature, describing the probability content of measurements remains an important topic for engineering problems. The histogram remains the golden standard, even though kernel density estimation is a strong competitor when smooth estimates are desired. Critical user interaction is required for the use of both the histograms and kernel densities. A good choice for the bandwidth is essential in both cases. On top of that the kernel density method requires a proper choice of the kernel. Incorrect choices may lead to incorrect results generated by either masking important details or introducing false details. In this paper, we propose a new approach which requires no user-defined choices. The method is therefore fully automatic and provides the user a smooth density estimate of the probability content.","PeriodicalId":432388,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124718827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-06DOI: 10.1109/I2MTC.2013.6555478
Chih-Yen Chen, Tzu-Chiang Liu, C. Hsieh, Hung-Chun Chien
Bone age assessment is usually to diagnose the growth disorders, growth hormone deficiency, and the effect of growth therapy of children in clinic. The crucial role of Bone age assessment is that it is dependent on the accurate bony segmentation from soft tissues on hand radiogram, especially in the separation of phalanx and epiphyseal/metaphyseal region of interests from the background and soft tissue. In this study, our proposed method was to locate and crop the phalanx region of interests for the first step. Next, the integration of a difference in sub-neighborhood technique and average threshold of image processing was applied to segment the epiphyseal/metaphyseal region of interests. The experiments were shown to be successful in the segmentation on different parts of knuckles, i.e. distal, middle, and proximal. In conclusion, the proposed procedure can be implemented in the segmentation of epiphyseal/metaphyseal region of interests automatically and efficiently.
{"title":"An automatic image segmentation scheme for phalanx and epiphyseal/metaphyseal region of interests","authors":"Chih-Yen Chen, Tzu-Chiang Liu, C. Hsieh, Hung-Chun Chien","doi":"10.1109/I2MTC.2013.6555478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC.2013.6555478","url":null,"abstract":"Bone age assessment is usually to diagnose the growth disorders, growth hormone deficiency, and the effect of growth therapy of children in clinic. The crucial role of Bone age assessment is that it is dependent on the accurate bony segmentation from soft tissues on hand radiogram, especially in the separation of phalanx and epiphyseal/metaphyseal region of interests from the background and soft tissue. In this study, our proposed method was to locate and crop the phalanx region of interests for the first step. Next, the integration of a difference in sub-neighborhood technique and average threshold of image processing was applied to segment the epiphyseal/metaphyseal region of interests. The experiments were shown to be successful in the segmentation on different parts of knuckles, i.e. distal, middle, and proximal. In conclusion, the proposed procedure can be implemented in the segmentation of epiphyseal/metaphyseal region of interests automatically and efficiently.","PeriodicalId":432388,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125003304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-06DOI: 10.1109/I2MTC.2013.6555606
G. Fusiek, P. Orr, Hao Wang, P. Niewczas
In this paper we demonstrate a novel, all-optical differential current protection scheme. By monitoring the optical power reflected from two matched hybrid fiber Bragg grating current sensors and using a simple optoelectronic threshold detector, an immediate response to an increase in differential current is achieved. A preliminary laboratory embodiment is constructed in order to characterize the performance of the scheme. The proposed technique does not require a complex sensor interrogation scheme, usually characterized by a limited sampling frequency, and thus will be capable of facilitating inexpensive and fast-acting differential protection over long distances.
{"title":"All-optical differential current detection technique for unit protection applications","authors":"G. Fusiek, P. Orr, Hao Wang, P. Niewczas","doi":"10.1109/I2MTC.2013.6555606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC.2013.6555606","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we demonstrate a novel, all-optical differential current protection scheme. By monitoring the optical power reflected from two matched hybrid fiber Bragg grating current sensors and using a simple optoelectronic threshold detector, an immediate response to an increase in differential current is achieved. A preliminary laboratory embodiment is constructed in order to characterize the performance of the scheme. The proposed technique does not require a complex sensor interrogation scheme, usually characterized by a limited sampling frequency, and thus will be capable of facilitating inexpensive and fast-acting differential protection over long distances.","PeriodicalId":432388,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121636185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-06DOI: 10.1109/I2MTC.2013.6555601
P. Ferrari, A. Flammini, S. Rinaldi, G. Prytz
In modern real-time Ethernet networks for substation automation, several protocols are adopted to guarantee the strict synchronization and availability requirements imposed by applications. The management of these networks is more and more complex, since several (cross-influencing) configuration parameters affect the performance of the overall system. In this paper the attention has been focused on synchronization systems applied to redundant network infrastructures for substation automation: in these systems the reconfiguration of the network after a fault may affect the synchronization performance of the nodes. As a test case the SNTP (Simple Network Time Protocol) synchronization has been simulated (with different fault conditions) using two network topologies typically adopted in Substation Automation Systems: RSTP (Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol) and PRP (Parallel Redundancy Protocol). The performance of the two cases has been compared by means of suitable metrics: PRP, as opposed to RSTP, guarantees seamless synchronization performance in case of a single fault.
{"title":"Analysis of synchronization performance in redundant networks for substation automation","authors":"P. Ferrari, A. Flammini, S. Rinaldi, G. Prytz","doi":"10.1109/I2MTC.2013.6555601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC.2013.6555601","url":null,"abstract":"In modern real-time Ethernet networks for substation automation, several protocols are adopted to guarantee the strict synchronization and availability requirements imposed by applications. The management of these networks is more and more complex, since several (cross-influencing) configuration parameters affect the performance of the overall system. In this paper the attention has been focused on synchronization systems applied to redundant network infrastructures for substation automation: in these systems the reconfiguration of the network after a fault may affect the synchronization performance of the nodes. As a test case the SNTP (Simple Network Time Protocol) synchronization has been simulated (with different fault conditions) using two network topologies typically adopted in Substation Automation Systems: RSTP (Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol) and PRP (Parallel Redundancy Protocol). The performance of the two cases has been compared by means of suitable metrics: PRP, as opposed to RSTP, guarantees seamless synchronization performance in case of a single fault.","PeriodicalId":432388,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)","volume":"274 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121427254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-06DOI: 10.1109/I2MTC.2013.6555619
Li Tan, Jean Jiang, Liangmo Wang
In this paper, a multi-rate signal processing technique is proposed for obtaining higher-order derivatives of digital signals with an improved signal-to-quantization noise ratio (SQNR). The technique consists of a classical oversampling analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) unit with a dithering process and multi-stage down sampling processing followed by a high performance digital differentiator cascaded using a decimator with a factor of two. In the cascaded multi-stage processing, each stage contains a simple half-band low-pass filter followed with decimation by two. The proposed technique uses an extremely small FIR filter size, hence requires much less memory and computational complexity in comparison with single-stage processing. Computer simulations and experimental data processing demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
{"title":"Obtaining higher-order derivatives of low-frequency signals using multirate signal processing","authors":"Li Tan, Jean Jiang, Liangmo Wang","doi":"10.1109/I2MTC.2013.6555619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC.2013.6555619","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a multi-rate signal processing technique is proposed for obtaining higher-order derivatives of digital signals with an improved signal-to-quantization noise ratio (SQNR). The technique consists of a classical oversampling analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) unit with a dithering process and multi-stage down sampling processing followed by a high performance digital differentiator cascaded using a decimator with a factor of two. In the cascaded multi-stage processing, each stage contains a simple half-band low-pass filter followed with decimation by two. The proposed technique uses an extremely small FIR filter size, hence requires much less memory and computational complexity in comparison with single-stage processing. Computer simulations and experimental data processing demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":432388,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123843178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-06DOI: 10.1109/I2MTC.2013.6555645
T. Gonnot, J. Saniie
This paper presents the design flow of efficient and real-time object detection and tracking system in a complex environment. The design relies on color extraction, target recognition using neural networks and feature extraction. Furthermore, the system is designed to identify different objects and also to predict their movements. There are many domains where the detection and tracking of objects can be required. An example is a defense system for perimeter protection where the camera is more cost effective in the case of short range detection and recognition. Another application of the proposed system is the detection of the obstacles in front of a visually impaired person using cameras mounted on the frame of their eyeglasses.
{"title":"Design flow for complex scene visual object tracking and avoidance system","authors":"T. Gonnot, J. Saniie","doi":"10.1109/I2MTC.2013.6555645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC.2013.6555645","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the design flow of efficient and real-time object detection and tracking system in a complex environment. The design relies on color extraction, target recognition using neural networks and feature extraction. Furthermore, the system is designed to identify different objects and also to predict their movements. There are many domains where the detection and tracking of objects can be required. An example is a defense system for perimeter protection where the camera is more cost effective in the case of short range detection and recognition. Another application of the proposed system is the detection of the obstacles in front of a visually impaired person using cameras mounted on the frame of their eyeglasses.","PeriodicalId":432388,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)","volume":"547 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123917562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-06DOI: 10.1109/I2MTC.2013.6555729
Hiroki Maru, H. Kanai, Ikhwan Kim, M. Kamijo
The purpose of this study is to quantitatively assess a performance indicator that measures such factors as readability or visibility. We used novel photometric equipment: a charge-coupled device sensor that can measure the distribution of luminance. On various types of paper, we printed a specific striped pattern with predetermined spatial frequency and brightness contrast, and then measured the luminance distribution. We parameterized the luminance distribution and also conducted a subjective assessment to determine the performance. We assessed the visibility quantitatively using multiple regression analysis on the parameters obtained from the photometric sensor. We determined that performance indicators, such as visibility, for printing paper can be assessed by measuring three parameters: spatial frequency, contrast of a striped pattern, and luminance of the background.
{"title":"Evaluation of indication performance using contrast sensitivity chart based on novel photometry","authors":"Hiroki Maru, H. Kanai, Ikhwan Kim, M. Kamijo","doi":"10.1109/I2MTC.2013.6555729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC.2013.6555729","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to quantitatively assess a performance indicator that measures such factors as readability or visibility. We used novel photometric equipment: a charge-coupled device sensor that can measure the distribution of luminance. On various types of paper, we printed a specific striped pattern with predetermined spatial frequency and brightness contrast, and then measured the luminance distribution. We parameterized the luminance distribution and also conducted a subjective assessment to determine the performance. We assessed the visibility quantitatively using multiple regression analysis on the parameters obtained from the photometric sensor. We determined that performance indicators, such as visibility, for printing paper can be assessed by measuring three parameters: spatial frequency, contrast of a striped pattern, and luminance of the background.","PeriodicalId":432388,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123961459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-06DOI: 10.1109/I2MTC.2013.6555722
Hongfei Wang, O. Dobre, Cheng Li, R. Inkol
Blind signal classification and parameter estimation have important applications in both military and commercial communications. This paper proposes a cyclostationarity-based approach for M-FSK signal classification and estimation of the tone frequency spacing. Relying on the number and position of the first-order cycle frequencies (CFs), the proposed approach requires neither recovery of the carrier and symbol timing, nor estimation of the channel, and signal and noise powers. The performance of this algorithm was investigated using both laboratory and simulation experiments.
{"title":"Experimental results for M-FSK signal classification and parameter estimation","authors":"Hongfei Wang, O. Dobre, Cheng Li, R. Inkol","doi":"10.1109/I2MTC.2013.6555722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC.2013.6555722","url":null,"abstract":"Blind signal classification and parameter estimation have important applications in both military and commercial communications. This paper proposes a cyclostationarity-based approach for M-FSK signal classification and estimation of the tone frequency spacing. Relying on the number and position of the first-order cycle frequencies (CFs), the proposed approach requires neither recovery of the carrier and symbol timing, nor estimation of the channel, and signal and noise powers. The performance of this algorithm was investigated using both laboratory and simulation experiments.","PeriodicalId":432388,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)","volume":"212 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124169024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-06DOI: 10.1109/I2MTC.2013.6555569
Steve Ross, M. Haji-Sheikh, G. Westberg
Presented is a method to build silicon multi-pixel x-ray detectors for use on the Argonne National Laboratory's Advanced Photon Source x-ray synchrotron. These detectors are PIN diodes constructed using heavily doped oxide sources. The construction method chosen helps reduce the background leakage current and allows for a minimum of process steps. We discuss test results of the characterization of the sensors.
{"title":"High-resistivity silicon photodiode arrays for x-ray detection","authors":"Steve Ross, M. Haji-Sheikh, G. Westberg","doi":"10.1109/I2MTC.2013.6555569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC.2013.6555569","url":null,"abstract":"Presented is a method to build silicon multi-pixel x-ray detectors for use on the Argonne National Laboratory's Advanced Photon Source x-ray synchrotron. These detectors are PIN diodes constructed using heavily doped oxide sources. The construction method chosen helps reduce the background leakage current and allows for a minimum of process steps. We discuss test results of the characterization of the sensors.","PeriodicalId":432388,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)","volume":"421 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124209993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-06DOI: 10.1109/I2MTC.2013.6555640
Yukang Liu, Weijie Zhang, Yuming Zhang
The weld pool contains abundant information about the welding process and can thus be utilized to accurately monitor the weld penetration. This paper addresses the dynamic estimation of the weld penetration in GTAW process. A machine vision based weld pool sensing system is utilized and the 3D weld pool surface is reconstructed in real-time. Various dynamic experiments under different welding conditions are conducted to acquire data pairs for establishing the correlation between the front-side weld pool characteristic parameters and the weld penetration specified by its back-side bead width. Due to the substantial inertia of the welding process, the weld penetration can be more accurately estimated if the adjacent weld pools are used. Hence, a nonlinear dynamic Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) model is developed to estimate the weld penetration in real-time. It is found that the weld penetration can be estimated with satisfactory accuracy by the proposed online monitoring system.
{"title":"Dynamic neuro-fuzzy estimation of the weld penetration in GTAW process","authors":"Yukang Liu, Weijie Zhang, Yuming Zhang","doi":"10.1109/I2MTC.2013.6555640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC.2013.6555640","url":null,"abstract":"The weld pool contains abundant information about the welding process and can thus be utilized to accurately monitor the weld penetration. This paper addresses the dynamic estimation of the weld penetration in GTAW process. A machine vision based weld pool sensing system is utilized and the 3D weld pool surface is reconstructed in real-time. Various dynamic experiments under different welding conditions are conducted to acquire data pairs for establishing the correlation between the front-side weld pool characteristic parameters and the weld penetration specified by its back-side bead width. Due to the substantial inertia of the welding process, the weld penetration can be more accurately estimated if the adjacent weld pools are used. Hence, a nonlinear dynamic Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) model is developed to estimate the weld penetration in real-time. It is found that the weld penetration can be estimated with satisfactory accuracy by the proposed online monitoring system.","PeriodicalId":432388,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125409359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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