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BASIC PROBLEMS OF PROTECTION DISABLED PEOPLE IN POLAND AND VETERANS WHO WERE INJURED IN ACTIONS OUTSIDE THE BORDERS OF THE STATE 保护波兰境内的残疾人和在境外行动中受伤的退伍军人的基本问题
Pub Date : 2018-12-31 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0012.8100
J. Narloch, Łukasz Kajtarek
The typology of disability is presented and the ambiguity of the definition is discussed. The social and not only individual problem of supporting people with disabilities (disabled people – DP) is pointed out there. There is a special group of people whose disability is connected with fulfilling duties in peacekeeping missions outside the country i.e. aggrieved veterans (AV). The state of ensuring the personal and social security of both groups – DP and AV – is presented preliminarily in the light of the legal regulations in Poland and the functioning of Polish governmental and non-governmental institutions.
提出了残疾的类型学,并讨论了残疾定义的模糊性。指出了残疾人的社会问题,而不仅仅是个人问题。有一类特殊的人,他们的残疾与在国外维持和平特派团履行职责有关,即受害退伍军人。根据波兰的法律法规以及波兰政府和非政府机构的运作情况,初步提出了确保两类群体- -残疾人和AV - -的个人和社会安全的状况。
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引用次数: 0
TALENT MANAGEMENT AS A FACTOR DETERMINING THE PROCESS OF MODELING THE COMPETENCES OF THE CONTEMPORARY ORGANIZATION 人才管理是决定当代组织能力建模过程的一个因素
Pub Date : 2018-12-31 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0012.8092
Mirosław Betkowski
The evolving labor market determines the level of innovative knowledge necessary for the activities of a modern enterprise. An important factor of market competitiveness is the role of particularly talented individuals operating in specific organizational structures. Optimal targeting of their talents is an important factor in the company’s situation. Competence management thus becomes a key item in the structure and company strategy. This article presents an outline of the issue of the essence of talent management quantifying competence management and may be an introduction to the discussion about modifying the competency management model. It is also an attempt to answer the competitive variability of the market and new requirements of the environment in terms of the potential of talented and effective implementation of employee organization goals.
不断发展的劳动力市场决定了现代企业活动所必需的创新知识水平。市场竞争力的一个重要因素是在特定组织结构中运作的特别有才能的个人的作用。人才的最佳定位是决定公司状况的一个重要因素。胜任力管理因此成为公司结构和战略中的一个关键项目。本文概述了人才管理的本质是量化胜任力管理的问题,并对修改胜任力管理模型进行了探讨。它也试图回答市场的竞争变异性和环境的新要求,人才的潜力和有效实施员工组织的目标。
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引用次数: 0
EXTREME WEATHER PHENOMENON IN POLAND IN TIMES OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE EXAMPLE OF FLOODS AND STRONG WINDS 波兰在气候变化时期的极端天气现象,例如洪水和强风
Pub Date : 2018-12-31 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0012.8094
Grzegorz Diemientiew
Sudden weather events seem to fit in the Polish climate for good. Recent meteorological phenomena in the form of storms, tempests and precipitation are the best proofs for this. This is primarily due to the climatic changes that make the weather last, even in other parts of the world. In this article the author characterizes extreme weather phenomena on the territory of Poland in the context of climate change.
突发的天气事件似乎永远适合波兰的气候。最近的风暴、暴风雨和降水等气象现象就是最好的证明。这主要是由于气候变化使天气持续,即使在世界其他地区也是如此。在这篇文章中,作者在气候变化的背景下描述了波兰领土上的极端天气现象。
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引用次数: 0
ACTIVITIES OF THE MILITARY PROSECUTOR’S OFFICE IN THE CONDITIONS OF CHANGES IN LEGISLATION 军事检察官办公室在立法变化情况下的活动
Pub Date : 2018-12-31 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0012.8103
Mukola Turkot
Тhe purpose of this article is to show the state of the functioning of law enforcement agencies in Ukraine, which are fighting against military crime. In addition, the algorithm for the activities of the military prosecutor’s office is shown after changes are made to the legislation. It was noted that the national security of Ukraine and its military security are protected by the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations. In these military formations serve soldiers, officers and generals. The tasks of each military formation are different.Introduction. The article defines the national security of Ukraine, the military security of Ukraine, and how security is created. The same is said about the subjects of ensuring the security of the state. The same is said about the subjects of ensuring the security of the state. It is separately noted that there is a bill on the State Bureau of Military Justice. This military law enforcement agency should implement the functions of pre-trial investigation against servicemen and others.The research methods are used taking into account the topic of the article, the problems that need to be addressed, and the conclusions to be drawn. Such methods were used: formal-logical, hermeneutical, comparative. Thanks to these methods, it was possible to compare the competence of military formations in Ukraine, to determine the necessary legal possibilities for the future law enforcement agency – the State Bureau of Military Justice.The conclusions contain the author’s statement that the time has come to create, in addition to the military prosecutor’s office, yet another law enforcement body whose competence extended to all military formations. This is due to the fact that in Ukraine at the moment there is no shadow of one military formation, whose competence extends to other military formations. The exception is the military prosecutor’s office.
Тhe本文的目的是展示乌克兰执法机构的运作状况,这些机构正在打击军事犯罪。此外,还显示了修改立法后军事检察官办公室活动的算法。有人指出,乌克兰的国家安全及其军事安全由乌克兰武装部队和其他军事编队保护。在这些方阵中服役的是士兵、军官和将军。每个军事编队的任务都是不同的。文章定义了乌克兰的国家安全,乌克兰的军事安全,以及如何创建安全。确保国家安全的主题也是如此。确保国家安全的主题也是如此。另外要指出的是,有一项关于国家军事司法局的法案。该军事执法机构应履行对军人和其他人员的审前调查职能。研究方法的使用考虑到文章的主题,需要解决的问题,并得出结论。这些方法被使用:形式逻辑,解释学,比较。由于这些方法,有可能比较乌克兰军事编队的能力,以确定未来执法机构-国家军事司法局-的必要法律可能性。结论中载有发件人的声明,即除了军事检察官办公室之外,现在是时候设立另一个执法机构,其权限扩大到所有军事编制。这是由于目前在乌克兰没有一个军事编队的影子,其能力延伸到其他军事编队。军事检察官办公室是个例外。
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引用次数: 0
THE INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR COMBATING TERRORISM IN THE WORLD 世界反恐的体制框架
Pub Date : 2018-12-31 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0012.8098
Adam Kwiatkowski
The study deals with contemporary terrorist threats, the role and importance of special services in the fight against terrorism, and presents the coordination of cooperation between central administration bodies in the fight against terrorism to ensure proper cooperation between state offices involved in combating terrorism on the example of selected states.
该研究涉及当代恐怖主义威胁,特殊服务在反恐斗争中的作用和重要性,并以选定的国家为例,介绍了中央行政机构在反恐斗争中的合作协调,以确保参与反恐的国家机构之间的适当合作。
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引用次数: 0
Level of economic security of NATO Eastern flank countries 北约东翼国家的经济安全水平
Pub Date : 2018-12-31 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0012.8101
Agnieszka Sałek-Imińska
In the modern world an undoubted increase in the economic factor of maintaining the security of states is observed. Economic security is an important element of the functioning of national economies, including the states of the eastern flank of NATO. Perceiving economic security as a balance of development needs of these states we can identify several areas of activity of its quantifiers, which can include development, infrastructure and balance opportunities and needs. To determine the levels of these quantifiers, we must use a carefully selected set of meters. One of them is Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which clearly describes the measurable features present in the analyzed national economies. The objective of this article is to attempt to indicate the level of the economic security of NATO’s eastern flank states in terms of the level of economic growth measured by GDP. From an autonomous perspective, this meter does not give grounds for expressing value judgments in the context of the widely understood level of economic security, but it constitutes their necessary component and basis for further analyzes and evaluations. For the needs of the elaboration, an assumption was made, being a simplification of the economic reality, indicating that changes in annual GDP will show the level of the economic security of NATO’s eastern flank states. Hence, an increase in GDP growth lower than 1.9% in a period, which the analysis refers to, is a sign of a decrease in the level of economic security of a given state and vice versa. In all the states of NATO’s eastern flank, an improvement in its level was observed, where in 2017 in all the states of NATO’s eastern flank the rate of GDP growth was higher than the assumed critical threshold level of 1.9%. Years 2014–2016 also constitute a period of improvement in the level of the economic security of the analyzed states, except for Bulgaria in 2014, Estonia and Lithuania in 2015 and Estonia in 2016. While the period from 2008 to 2013 is a period when the level of the economic security of the states of NATO’s eastern flank is diverse and there are no indications that it improved. In the context of the analyzed problem, the best years were 2008 and 2011, for which GDP growth was the highest. In 2008 Estonia, Latvia and Hungary were those that did not reach the critical threshold (decline in economic security). The other six states were characterized by an increase in the level of economic security. The following year is a period when all the states (except for Poland) did not register any improvement. This resulted from a general economic recession, which was observed in the region of Central and Eastern Europe. Considering the number of years for which the assumed critical threshold level of 1.9% was not reached, we can claim that the economy of Poland (2 periods: 2012–2013), and then Czech Republic, Lithuania, Latvia and Slovakia (3 periods), Romania (4 years) and Bulgaria, Estonia and Hungary (5 years) were
在现代世界,维持国家安全的经济因素无疑在增加。经济安全是包括北约东翼各国在内的各国经济运作的一个重要因素。将经济安全视为这些国家发展需求的平衡,我们可以确定其量化指标的几个活动领域,其中包括发展,基础设施和平衡机会和需求。为了确定这些量词的级别,我们必须使用一套精心挑选的仪表。其中之一是国内生产总值(GDP),它清楚地描述了所分析的国民经济中存在的可测量特征。本文的目的是试图用GDP衡量的经济增长水平来表明北约东翼国家的经济安全水平。从自主的角度来看,这一指标并不能为在广泛理解的经济安全水平的背景下表达价值判断提供依据,但它构成了进一步分析和评估的必要组成部分和基础。为了便于阐述,本文做了一个假设,简化了经济现实,表明年度GDP的变化将显示北约东翼国家的经济安全水平。因此,如果某一时期的GDP增长率低于分析所引用的1.9%,则表明该国的经济安全水平下降,反之亦然。在北约东翼的所有国家,其水平都有所改善,2017年北约东翼所有国家的GDP增长率都高于假设的1.9%的临界阈值水平。2014 - 2016年也是所分析国家经济安全水平提高的时期,除了保加利亚在2014年,爱沙尼亚和立陶宛在2015年,爱沙尼亚在2016年。2008年至2013年期间,北约东翼国家的经济安全水平参差不齐,没有迹象表明有所改善。在分析问题的背景下,最好的年份是2008年和2011年,GDP增长最高。2008年,爱沙尼亚、拉脱维亚和匈牙利没有达到临界阈值(经济安全下降)。其他六个国家的特点是经济安全水平有所提高。接下来的一年是所有国家(波兰除外)没有任何改善的时期。这是由于中欧和东欧区域普遍出现经济衰退造成的。考虑到假设的临界阈值水平1.9%未达到的年数,我们可以认为波兰(2个时期:2012-2013年)、捷克共和国、立陶宛、拉脱维亚和斯洛伐克(3个时期)、罗马尼亚(4年)和保加利亚、爱沙尼亚和匈牙利(5年)的经济安全水平在分析期间是最高的。
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引用次数: 1
A paradigmatic approach to security sciences 安全科学的典范方法
Pub Date : 2018-12-31 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0012.8096
Janusz Gierszewski
T.S. Kuhn’s concept of paradigm differentiates between mature sciences and pre-paradigm sciences. In the case of the latter, it is possible for various approaches to compete with one another. Polish security sciences are currently occupied with seeking paradigms. On the one hand, this search may lead to a homogenisation of opinions within the discipline, or to opposing views on the other. This search is a consequence of evolving opinions within the field, which has a relatively short history in Poland, and constitutes an attempt at determining its defining features. This paper presents various approaches to the concept of paradigm posited by researchers of broadly-defined security, which, as a consequence, constitute evidence of security’s multi-paradigmaticality. The research problem is to answer the question of whether the approaches presented in this paper actually constitute the basis necessary to formulate a set of coherent scientific foundations of the discipline, as analysed from a paradigmatic point of view.
库恩的范式概念区分了成熟科学和前范式科学。在后一种情况下,各种方法有可能相互竞争。波兰安全科学目前正忙于寻找范式。一方面,这种研究可能导致学科内部意见的同质化,或者另一方面导致对立的观点。这项研究是该领域内不断演变的意见的结果,该领域在波兰的历史相对较短,并构成了确定其决定性特征的尝试。本文介绍了由广义安全研究人员提出的范式概念的各种方法,这些方法构成了安全的多范式性的证据。研究问题是要回答这样一个问题,即本文中提出的方法是否真的构成了从范式角度分析的、制定一套连贯的学科科学基础所必需的基础。
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引用次数: 0
A CONSTRUCTIVIST VISION OF SECURITY 建构主义的安全观
Pub Date : 2018-12-31 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0012.8104
A. Urbanek
In the article its author has attempted to systematize various concepts and ways of approaching the issue of security by representatives of political constructivism. Constructivism is a relatively young concept, which emerged as an alternative to liberalism and political realism. The article presents the main assumptions of the constructivist vision of security, the approach to security by representatives of conventional and critical constructivism, as well as the concept of ontological security developed by constructivists.
在本文中,作者试图将政治建构主义代表们处理安全问题的各种概念和方法系统化。建构主义是一个相对年轻的概念,是作为自由主义和政治现实主义的替代品而出现的。本文介绍了建构主义安全观的主要假设,传统建构主义和批判建构主义代表的安全方法,以及建构主义者提出的本体论安全观。
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引用次数: 0
VICTIMOLOGICAL BASES FOR PREVENTION OF CRIMES IN UKRAINE 乌克兰预防犯罪的受害者学基础
Pub Date : 2018-12-31 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0012.8099
Sergii Міnchenko, Anastasiia Dzhuzha
A comprehensive study of measures of prevention of crimes undertaken by the National Po-lice of Ukraine is carried out in the paper from the victimological perspective. Moreover, the nature of its social and legal status in the state mechanism of crime prevention is defined. The author proposes the structure of crime prevention subjects and notes that the National Police of Ukraine is an important subject of this activity.
本文从受害者学的角度对乌克兰国家警察采取的预防犯罪措施进行了全面研究。界定了其在国家预防犯罪机制中的社会地位和法律地位。作者提出了预防犯罪主体的结构,并指出乌克兰国家警察是这项活动的一个重要主体。
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引用次数: 0
SUICIDE EXTREME ACT OF PATHOLOGICAL BEHAVIOUR 自杀是一种极端的病态行为
Pub Date : 2018-12-31 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0012.8106
Dorota Zbroszczyk
Contemporary times pose many threats to life and health. The type of changes in many areas of human life, e.g. changes in the economy, value loss, consumerism causes unexpected intensification of extreme social problems, e.g. suicides. Suicide is an extremely complex phenomenon in its aetiology, which is a problem not only of individual but also of social pathology. Due to their size, structure and dynamics, and above all the social consequences of suicidal behaviour, suicidal behaviour is an important social problem that cannot remain unnoticed.
当代对生命和健康构成了许多威胁。人类生活许多领域的变化类型,例如经济变化,价值损失,消费主义导致极端社会问题意想不到的加剧,例如自杀。自杀在病因学上是一个极其复杂的现象,它不仅是个人的问题,也是社会病理学的问题。由于自杀行为的规模、结构和动态,以及最重要的自杀行为的社会后果,自杀行为是一个不能被忽视的重要社会问题。
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引用次数: 0
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Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka - Refleksje
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