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An inventory model for deteriorating items with imperfect quality under advance payment policy 预付款政策下质量不完善的劣化物品库存模型
IF 0.4 Q4 Decision Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.37190/ord210306
B. Nath, Nabendu Sen
In the business world, it is generally observed that the supplier gives cash discount due to advance payment. The buyer may either pay off the total purchase cost or a fraction of the total purchase cost before receiving the products. If the buyer makes full payment then he receives a cash discount instantly. If the buyer pays a fraction of the total purchase cost, then (s)he receives the cash discount while paying the remaining amount at the time of receiving the lot. Moreover, in most of the inventory models, it is generally assumed that the delivered lot contains only perfect items. But in reality, presence of imperfect items in the received lot cannot be overlooked as it will affect total profit of the system. Thus, the study of inventory models considering the presence of imperfect items in the lot makes the model more realistic and, it has received much attention from inventory managers. This paper develops a model that jointly considers imperfect quality items and the concept of advance payment scheme (full and partial). The objective is to determine optimal ordering quantity in order to maximise the total profit of the system. The necessary theoretical results showing the existence of global maximum is derived. The model is illustrated with the help of numerical examples, and sensitivity analysis is carried out on some important system parameters to see the effects on the total profit of the system. The study shows that full advance payment scheme is beneficial for the buyer.
在商业世界中,通常观察到供应商给予现金折扣,因为预付款。买方可以在收到产品之前支付全部购买成本,也可以在收到产品之前支付部分购买成本。如果买方全额付款,他将立即获得现金折扣。如果买方支付了总购买成本的一小部分,那么他将获得现金折扣,同时在收到拍品时支付剩余金额。此外,在大多数库存模型中,通常假设交付批次中只包含完美物品。但在现实中,在收到的批次中存在不完美的物品是不能忽视的,因为它会影响系统的总利润。因此,考虑不完美物品存在的库存模型的研究使模型更加真实,受到了库存管理者的重视。本文建立了一个综合考虑不完全质量项目和预付方案(全部和部分)概念的模型。目标是确定最优订货数量,以使系统的总利润最大化。得到了全局极大值存在的必要理论结果。通过数值算例对模型进行了说明,并对一些重要的系统参数进行了灵敏度分析,以考察其对系统总收益的影响。研究表明,全额预付款方案对买方是有利的。
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引用次数: 2
Human factor aspects in information security management in the traditional IT and cloud computing models 人的因素方面的信息安全管理在传统的IT和云计算模式
IF 0.4 Q4 Decision Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.37190/ORD210104
Paweł Kobis
This paper attempts to classify the main areas of threats occurring in enterprises in the information management processes. Particular attention was attracted to the effect of the human factor which is present in virtually every area of information security management. The author specifies the threats due to the IT techniques and technologies used and the models of information systems present in business entities. The empirical part of the paper presents and describes the research conducted by the author on information security in business organisations using the traditional IT model and the cloud computing model. The results obtained for both IT models are compared.
本文试图对企业在信息管理过程中出现的主要威胁领域进行分类。特别注意的是,在信息安全管理的几乎每个领域都存在的人为因素的影响。作者详细说明了业务实体中所使用的IT技术和信息系统模型所带来的威胁。本文的实证部分介绍和描述了作者使用传统IT模型和云计算模型对商业组织的信息安全进行的研究。比较了两种IT模型的计算结果。
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引用次数: 8
Defining a storage-assignment strategy for precedence-constrained order picking 定义优先级约束的顺序选择的存储分配策略
IF 0.4 Q4 Decision Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.37190/ord210207
Maria A. M. Trindade, P. S. Sousa, Maria R. A. Moreira
This paper proposes a zero-one quadratic assignment model for dealing with the storage location assignment problem when there are weight constraints. Our analysis shows that operations can be improved using our model. When comparing the strategy currently used in a real-life company with the designed model, we found that the new placement of products allowed a reduction of up to 22% on the picking distance. This saving is higher than that achieved with the creation of density zones, a procedure commonly used to deal with weight constraints, according to the literature.
本文提出了一种零-一二次分配模型,用于处理有权约束的仓储位置分配问题。我们的分析表明,使用我们的模型可以改进操作。当将现实生活中公司目前使用的策略与设计模型进行比较时,我们发现新的产品放置可以减少多达22%的拣货距离。根据文献,这种节省比创建密度区所实现的要高,密度区是一种通常用于处理重量限制的程序。
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引用次数: 1
Inspecting debt servicing mechanism in Nigeria using ARMAX model of the Koyck-kind 利用koyck类的ARMAX模型考察尼日利亚的偿债机制
IF 0.4 Q4 Decision Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.37190/ORD210101
U. Virtue, David E. Omoregie
The burden of external debt affects the wellbeing of an economy (or a country) by making the economy vulnerable to external shocks and crowding out investment. When dealing with debt management in indebted poor countries like Nigeria, the rational approach is to allocate a portion of export earnings for debt service payments. Along this line, there is a need to identify the link between debt servicing and export earnings. Hence, the current and long-run effects of export earnings on debt service payments is modelled as a single-input-single-output discrete-time dynamical system within the framework of Autoregressive Moving Average Explanatory Input model of the Koyck-kind (KARMAX). The KARMAX model is identified for Nigeria, using data from the World Bank database from 1970 to 2018 based on the maximum likelihood (ML) method, and the obtained results are compared to the prediction error and the instrumental variable methods. From a theoretical perspective, the KARMAX specification identified by the ML method is more ideal and inspiring. By doing so, this article contributes to the literature on the econometrics of public debt management.
外债负担使经济容易受到外部冲击并排挤投资,从而影响一个经济体(或一个国家)的福祉。在处理像尼日利亚这样负债累累的穷国的债务管理问题时,合理的做法是将一部分出口收入用于偿还债务。在这方面,有必要确定偿债与出口收入之间的联系。因此,在koyck类自回归移动平均解释输入模型(KARMAX)的框架内,出口收入对偿债支付的当前和长期影响被建模为单投入-单产出的离散时间动力系统。利用世界银行数据库1970年至2018年的数据,基于最大似然(ML)方法确定了尼日利亚的KARMAX模型,并将所得结果与预测误差和工具变量方法进行了比较。从理论的角度来看,ML方法确定的KARMAX规范更加理想和鼓舞人心。通过这样做,本文有助于公共债务管理的计量经济学文献。
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引用次数: 3
Forecasting the Confidence Interval of Efficiency in Fuzzy DEA 模糊DEA效率置信区间的预测
IF 0.4 Q4 Decision Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.37190/ORD210103
Azarnoosh Kafi, B. Daneshian, M. Rostamy-Malkhalifeh
Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a well-known method that based on inputs and outputs calculates the efficiency of decision-making units (DMUs). Comparing the efficiency and ranking of DMUs in different time periods lets the decision makers to prevent any loss in the productivity of units and improve the production planning. Despite the merits of DEA models, they are not able to forecast the efficiency of future time periods with known input/output records of the DMUs. With this end in view, this study aims at proposing a forecasting algorithm with a 95% confidence interval to generate fuzzy data sets for future time periods. Moreover, managers’ opinions are inserted in the proposed forecasting model. Equipped with the forecasted data sets and with respect to the data sets from previous periods, this model can rightly forecast the efficiency of the future time periods. The proposed procedure also employs the simple geometric mean to discriminate between efficient units. Examples from a real case including 20 automobile firms show the applicability of the proposed algorithm.
数据包络分析(DEA)是一种基于输入和输出计算决策单元效率的方法。通过比较不同时间段的dmu的效率和排名,决策者可以防止单元生产力的损失,并改进生产计划。尽管DEA模型有其优点,但它们无法在已知dmu输入/输出记录的情况下预测未来时间段的效率。为此,本研究旨在提出一种具有95%置信区间的预测算法,用于生成未来时间段的模糊数据集。此外,在提出的预测模型中加入了管理者的意见。利用预测的数据集,结合前期的数据集,该模型可以正确地预测未来时间段的效率。所提出的程序还采用简单的几何平均值来区分有效单位。通过20家汽车企业的实例验证了该算法的适用性。
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引用次数: 1
Computing power indices for weighted voting games via dynamic programming 基于动态规划的加权投票博弈计算能力指标
IF 0.4 Q4 Decision Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.37190/ord210206
J. Staudacher, L. Kóczy, Izabella Stach, Jan Filipp, Marcus Kramer, Till Noffke, Linus Olsson, Jonas Pichler, Tobias Singer
We study the efficient computation of power indices for weighted voting games using the paradigm of dynamic programming. We survey the state-of-the-art algorithms for computing the Banzhaf and Shapley-Shubik indices and point out how these approaches carry over to related power indices. Within a unified framework, we present new efficient algorithms for the Public Good index and a recently proposed power index based on minimal winning coalitions of smallest size, as well as a very first method for computing Johnston indices for weighted voting games efficiently. We introduce a software package providing fast C++ implementations of all the power indices mentioned in this article, discuss computing times, as well as storage requirements.
本文采用动态规划的方法研究了加权投票博弈中权力指标的有效计算。我们调查了计算Banzhaf和Shapley-Shubik指数的最先进算法,并指出这些方法如何延续到相关的功率指数。在一个统一的框架内,我们提出了新的有效的公共利益指数算法和最近提出的基于最小规模的最小获胜联盟的权力指数,以及第一种有效计算加权投票游戏约翰斯顿指数的方法。我们介绍了一个软件包,该软件包提供了本文中提到的所有功率指标的快速c++实现,并讨论了计算时间和存储需求。
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引用次数: 4
A compositional approach to two-stage Data Envelopment Analysis in intuitionistic fuzzy environment 直觉模糊环境下两阶段数据包络分析的组合方法
IF 0.4 Q4 Decision Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.37190/ORD210102
Nafiseh Javaherian, A. Hamzehee, H. S. Tooranloo
Classical methods of Data Envelopment Analysis operate by measuring the efficiency of decision-making units (DMUs) compared to similar units, without taking their internal structure into account. However, some DMUs consist of two stages, with the first stage producing an intermediate product, which is then consumed in the second stage to produce the final output. The efficiency of this type of DMU is often measured using two-stage Network Data Envelopment Analysis. In real world, most data are vague; therefore the inputs and outputs of systems with vagueness data create uncertainty challenges for DMUs. As a result, when uncertainty appears, intuitionistic fuzzy sets can show more information than classical fuzzy sets. This paper presents a model of two-stage Network Data Envelopment Analysis based on intuitionistic fuzzy data, which measures the efficiency of the first and second stages of each DMU, and ultimately the overall efficiency measures based on the stage efficiencies.
数据包络分析的经典方法通过测量决策单元(dmu)与类似单元相比的效率来运行,而不考虑其内部结构。然而,一些dmu由两个阶段组成,第一阶段生产中间产品,然后在第二阶段消耗以生产最终产品。这种DMU的效率通常使用两阶段网络数据包络分析来衡量。在现实世界中,大多数数据都是模糊的;因此,具有模糊数据的系统的输入和输出给dmu带来了不确定性挑战。因此,当不确定性出现时,直觉模糊集比经典模糊集能显示更多的信息。本文提出了一种基于直觉模糊数据的两阶段网络数据包络分析模型,该模型测量了每个DMU的第一阶段和第二阶段的效率,并最终给出了基于阶段效率的总体效率度量。
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引用次数: 3
Prediction of pork meat prices by selected methods as an element supporting the decision-making process 通过选定的方法预测猪肉价格,作为支持决策过程的要素
IF 0.4 Q4 Decision Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.37190/ord210307
Monika Zielińska-Sitkiewicz, M. Chrzanowska
Forecasts of economic processes can be determined using various methods, and each of them has its own characteristics and is based on specific assumptions. In case of agriculture, forecasting is an essential element of efficient management of the entire farming process. The pork sector is one of the main agricultural sectors in the world. Pork consumption and supply are the highest among all types of meat, and Poland belongs to the group of large producers. The article analyses the price formation of class E pork, expressed in Euro per 100 kg of carcass, recorded from May 2004 to December 2019. The data comes from the Agri-food data portal. A creeping trend model with segments of linear trends of various lengths and the methodology of building ARIMA models are used to forecast these prices. The accuracy of forecasts is verified by forecasting ex post and ex ante errors, graphical analysis, and backcasting analysis. The study shows that both methods can be used in the prediction of pork prices.
可以使用各种方法确定经济过程的预测,每种方法都有自己的特点,并基于特定的假设。就农业而言,预测是有效管理整个农业过程的基本要素。猪肉部门是世界上主要的农业部门之一。猪肉的消费量和供应量是所有肉类中最高的,波兰属于大型生产国。本文分析了2004年5月至2019年12月记录的E级猪肉的价格形成情况,以每100公斤胴体欧元表示。数据来自农业食品数据门户。采用具有不同长度的线性趋势段的爬行趋势模型和建立ARIMA模型的方法来预测这些价格。预测的准确性通过事后和事前误差预测、图形分析和回溯分析来验证。研究表明,这两种方法都可以用于猪肉价格的预测。
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引用次数: 1
Sensitivity analysis of grey linear programming for optimisation problems 灰色线性规划优化问题的灵敏度分析
IF 0.4 Q4 Decision Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.37190/ord210402
D. Darvishi, F. Pourofoghi, J. Forrest
Sensitivity analysis of parameters is usually more important than the optimal solution when it comes to linear programming. Nevertheless, in the analysis of traditional sensitivities for a coefficient, a range of changes is found to maintain the optimal solution. These changes can be functional constraints in the coefficients, such as good values or technical coefficients, of the objective function. When real-world problems are highly inaccurate due to limited data and limited information, the method of grey systems is used to perform the needed optimisation. Several algorithms for solving grey linear programming have been developed to entertain involved inaccuracies in the model parameters; these methods are complex and require much computational time. In this paper, the sensitivity of a series of grey linear programming problems is analysed by using the definitions and operators of grey numbers. Also, uncertainties in parameters are preserved in the solutions obtained from the sensitivity analysis. To evaluate the efficiency and importance of the developed method, an applied numerical example is solved.
在线性规划中,参数的敏感性分析通常比最优解更为重要。然而,在分析系数的传统灵敏度时,发现了一个保持最优解的变化范围。这些变化可以是系数中的功能约束,例如目标函数的良好值或技术系数。当现实世界的问题由于有限的数据和有限的信息而高度不准确时,使用灰色系统的方法来执行所需的优化。为了考虑模型参数的不准确性,已经开发了几种求解灰色线性规划的算法;这些方法比较复杂,需要大量的计算时间。本文利用灰色数的定义和算子,分析了一系列灰色线性规划问题的敏感性。灵敏度分析得到的解保留了参数的不确定性。为了评价该方法的有效性和重要性,最后对一个应用数值算例进行了求解。
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引用次数: 1
Dynamic setting of shipping points in logistics systems with multiple heterogeneous warehousesorecasting the confidence interval of efficiency in fuzzy DEA 多异构仓库物流系统中装运点的动态设置——模糊DEA中效率置信区间的预测
IF 0.4 Q4 Decision Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.37190/ord210204
Dobromir Herzog
This study aims to model a planning process of handling outbound deliveries from a set of geographically dispersed warehouses. The model incorporates parameters observed in real life supply chains and allows simulation of various variants of process supporting decision making of current shipment management, as well as strategic planning of distribution network. A heuristic algorithm that can be used for planning of source warehouses for shipments is proposed. The model is built and tested on real business data and its performance proves to be better than the one currently used by reference company.
本研究的目的是建立一个规划过程,处理从一组地理上分散的仓库出站交货。该模型结合了在现实生活中观察到的供应链参数,并允许模拟支持当前运输管理决策的各种过程变体,以及分销网络的战略规划。提出了一种用于规划货源仓库的启发式算法。通过对实际业务数据的构建和测试,证明该模型的性能优于参考公司目前使用的模型。
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引用次数: 0
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Operations Research and Decisions
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