Pub Date : 2016-12-30DOI: 10.7570/KJO.2016.25.4.215
Mingyeong Heo, Yeon Joo Lee, Yongsoon Park
Obesity is a disease in which body fat excessively accumulates to the extent that health is negatively affected. Obesity is reported to be associated with diseases including diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, asthma, arthritis, heart disease, stroke, endometrial cancer, breast cancer, and colorectal cancer. According to a 2014 report by the World Health Organization (WHO), the obese population has more than doubled since 1980, and now comprises approximately 13% of the global adult population (11% and 15% of the male and female populations, respectively). This is also the case in Korea, where the obese population is steadily increasing at a higher rate than that noted previously. In 2013, the prevalence of adult obesity, defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m, was approximately 32.5% (37.6% for men and 27.5% for women). Hence, a third of the Korean adult population is obese. Generally, BMI and waist circumference are used as indexes for obesity. Obesity is defined as a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m in Western countries and ≥ 25 kg/m in Asia-Pacific countries; the latter definition is used in Korea. Additionally, waist circumference and waist-hip ratio are used as indexes for abdominal obesity. The Korean Society for the Study of Obesity gives the definition of abdominal obesity as waist circumference ≥ 90 cm for men and ≥ 85 cm for women. BMI does not provide information regarding body fat mass or fat-free mass, but recent studies have reported that metabolic syndrome is associated with body fat and fat-free masses. Of several body composition measures, fat-free mass in particular has an inverse Jshaped association with all-cause mortality, and the level of fat-free Comparison of Muscle Mass Indexes According to Protein Intake in Obese Patients
{"title":"Comparison of Muscle Mass Indexes According to Protein Intake in Obese Patients","authors":"Mingyeong Heo, Yeon Joo Lee, Yongsoon Park","doi":"10.7570/KJO.2016.25.4.215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7570/KJO.2016.25.4.215","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity is a disease in which body fat excessively accumulates to the extent that health is negatively affected. Obesity is reported to be associated with diseases including diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, asthma, arthritis, heart disease, stroke, endometrial cancer, breast cancer, and colorectal cancer. According to a 2014 report by the World Health Organization (WHO), the obese population has more than doubled since 1980, and now comprises approximately 13% of the global adult population (11% and 15% of the male and female populations, respectively). This is also the case in Korea, where the obese population is steadily increasing at a higher rate than that noted previously. In 2013, the prevalence of adult obesity, defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m, was approximately 32.5% (37.6% for men and 27.5% for women). Hence, a third of the Korean adult population is obese. Generally, BMI and waist circumference are used as indexes for obesity. Obesity is defined as a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m in Western countries and ≥ 25 kg/m in Asia-Pacific countries; the latter definition is used in Korea. Additionally, waist circumference and waist-hip ratio are used as indexes for abdominal obesity. The Korean Society for the Study of Obesity gives the definition of abdominal obesity as waist circumference ≥ 90 cm for men and ≥ 85 cm for women. BMI does not provide information regarding body fat mass or fat-free mass, but recent studies have reported that metabolic syndrome is associated with body fat and fat-free masses. Of several body composition measures, fat-free mass in particular has an inverse Jshaped association with all-cause mortality, and the level of fat-free Comparison of Muscle Mass Indexes According to Protein Intake in Obese Patients","PeriodicalId":432482,"journal":{"name":"The Korean Journal of Obesity","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117254977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-30DOI: 10.7570/KJO.2016.25.2.68
Sunhyo Jeong
Background: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) plays a major role in adipocyte differentiation. Testosterone is well known for inhibiting adipocyte metabolism in men. To investigate the inhibitory mechanism of testosterone on adipogenesis, this study evaluated the effects of testosterone on PPARγ expression and activity in adipocytes using in vitro approaches. Methods: After differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with PPARγ agonist troglitazone and sex hormone testosterone, the effects of testosterone on troglitazone-induced triglyceride accumulation and expression of genes involved in adipogenesis were investigated. We also inves-tigated whether testosterone regulates troglitazone-induced PPARγ reporter activity in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Results: Testosterone decreased triglyceride accumulation in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells compared with the vehicle treated control group. Testosterone also decreased the expression of PPARγ mRNA as well as PPARγ dependent adipocyte-specific genes, such as adipocyte fatty acid binding protein and tumor necrosis factor α. Moreover, testosterone treatment inhibited triglyceride accumulation, and the expression of PPARγ and adipocyte-specific genes caused by troglitazone in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. Testosterone decreased troglitazone-induced PPARγ reporter activity. Also, treatment with testosterone led to an inhibition of troglitazone-induced PPARγ reporter activity in PPARγ and androgen receptor (AR) expressed 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Conclusion: These results suggest that testosterone interferes with the actions of PPARγ on adipogensis by an AR-dependent component. In addition, this study may have provided valuable molecular and biological insights regarding testosterone therapy in obese hypogonadal men.
{"title":"The Inhibitory Effect of Testosterone on PPARγ-induced Adipogenesis","authors":"Sunhyo Jeong","doi":"10.7570/KJO.2016.25.2.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7570/KJO.2016.25.2.68","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) plays a major role in adipocyte differentiation. Testosterone is well known for inhibiting adipocyte metabolism in men. To investigate the inhibitory mechanism of testosterone on adipogenesis, this study evaluated the effects of testosterone on PPARγ expression and activity in adipocytes using in vitro approaches. Methods: After differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with PPARγ agonist troglitazone and sex hormone testosterone, the effects of testosterone on troglitazone-induced triglyceride accumulation and expression of genes involved in adipogenesis were investigated. We also inves-tigated whether testosterone regulates troglitazone-induced PPARγ reporter activity in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Results: Testosterone decreased triglyceride accumulation in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells compared with the vehicle treated control group. Testosterone also decreased the expression of PPARγ mRNA as well as PPARγ dependent adipocyte-specific genes, such as adipocyte fatty acid binding protein and tumor necrosis factor α. Moreover, testosterone treatment inhibited triglyceride accumulation, and the expression of PPARγ and adipocyte-specific genes caused by troglitazone in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. Testosterone decreased troglitazone-induced PPARγ reporter activity. Also, treatment with testosterone led to an inhibition of troglitazone-induced PPARγ reporter activity in PPARγ and androgen receptor (AR) expressed 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Conclusion: These results suggest that testosterone interferes with the actions of PPARγ on adipogensis by an AR-dependent component. In addition, this study may have provided valuable molecular and biological insights regarding testosterone therapy in obese hypogonadal men.","PeriodicalId":432482,"journal":{"name":"The Korean Journal of Obesity","volume":"435 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122475966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-01DOI: 10.7570/KJO.2014.23.4.274
I. Chun, S. Ryu, Jong Park, M. Han, Seong-Woo Choi, Dae-Sik Ko
Background: The purposes of this study were to evaluate the discordance of body image and to identify the associations between discordance of body image and physical activities among adults aged 19 to 64 years. Methods: The study included 172,132 subjects from the 2010 Community Health Survey. The discordance of body image was defined as incongruence between body perception with actual body size based on body mass index (concordance vs. discordance: under, over). Physical activities were categorized as moderate to vigorous physical activity and walking activity. The data were analyzed using chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: Subjects who showed concordance between their body perception and their actual body size were 74.9%, while those who showed discordance between the two factors were 25.1% (under-: 20.1%, over-: 5.0%). Among subjects who showed discordance in their body image, the adjusted Odds ratio (OR) for moderate to vigorous physical activity was 0.97 (95% CI, 0.94-1.00), and OR for walking activity was 0.92 (95% CI, 0.90-0.95). Subjects with under-estimated body image had lower OR for walking activity 0.93 (95% CI, 0.90-0.96). Subjects with over-estimated body image had lower ORs for both moderate to vigorous physical activity 0.69 (95% CI, 0.63-0.76) and walking activity 0.89 (95% CI, 0.84-0.95). Conclusion: These findings support the evidence that incongruence in body image serves as a barrier in engaging physical activity. Proper recognition of one’s own body perception is needed in order to improve physical activity.
{"title":"The Associations between Discordance of Body Image and Physical Activities among Adults Aged 19 to 64 Years: Based on the Data from 2010 Community Health Survey","authors":"I. Chun, S. Ryu, Jong Park, M. Han, Seong-Woo Choi, Dae-Sik Ko","doi":"10.7570/KJO.2014.23.4.274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7570/KJO.2014.23.4.274","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The purposes of this study were to evaluate the discordance of body image and to identify the associations between discordance of body image and physical activities among adults aged 19 to 64 years. Methods: The study included 172,132 subjects from the 2010 Community Health Survey. The discordance of body image was defined as incongruence between body perception with actual body size based on body mass index (concordance vs. discordance: under, over). Physical activities were categorized as moderate to vigorous physical activity and walking activity. The data were analyzed using chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: Subjects who showed concordance between their body perception and their actual body size were 74.9%, while those who showed discordance between the two factors were 25.1% (under-: 20.1%, over-: 5.0%). Among subjects who showed discordance in their body image, the adjusted Odds ratio (OR) for moderate to vigorous physical activity was 0.97 (95% CI, 0.94-1.00), and OR for walking activity was 0.92 (95% CI, 0.90-0.95). Subjects with under-estimated body image had lower OR for walking activity 0.93 (95% CI, 0.90-0.96). Subjects with over-estimated body image had lower ORs for both moderate to vigorous physical activity 0.69 (95% CI, 0.63-0.76) and walking activity 0.89 (95% CI, 0.84-0.95). Conclusion: These findings support the evidence that incongruence in body image serves as a barrier in engaging physical activity. Proper recognition of one’s own body perception is needed in order to improve physical activity.","PeriodicalId":432482,"journal":{"name":"The Korean Journal of Obesity","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123455329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-01DOI: 10.7570/KJO.2014.23.4.236
C. Jung, J. Mok
Vitamin D affects not only musculoskeletal health but also a range of nonskeletal diseases such as cancer, obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Vitamin D deficiency and obesity have been recognized as pandemic diseases with much health consequences. The ‘cause-effect’ relationship of vitamin D to obesity has been the area of much recent activity. There is consistent association in the published literature between higher body mass index (BMI) and lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations, but the mechanisms are not fully understood. Although recent studies suggest that low serum vitamin D is the consequence of obesity, the results from randomized controlled trials are still scarce and inconclusive to establish the relationship between vitamin D and obesity. Moreover, the role of vitamin D in the pathophysiology of obesity is still debatable and there is little evidence for a direct effect of vitamin D supplementation on body weight. Therefore, randomized large-scale double-blind controlled trials are needed in the future to clearly establish the effects of vitamin D in obesity.
{"title":"Vitamin D and Obesity","authors":"C. Jung, J. Mok","doi":"10.7570/KJO.2014.23.4.236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7570/KJO.2014.23.4.236","url":null,"abstract":"Vitamin D affects not only musculoskeletal health but also a range of nonskeletal diseases such as cancer, obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Vitamin D deficiency and obesity have been recognized as pandemic diseases with much health consequences. The ‘cause-effect’ relationship of vitamin D to obesity has been the area of much recent activity. There is consistent association in the published literature between higher body mass index (BMI) and lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations, but the mechanisms are not fully understood. Although recent studies suggest that low serum vitamin D is the consequence of obesity, the results from randomized controlled trials are still scarce and inconclusive to establish the relationship between vitamin D and obesity. Moreover, the role of vitamin D in the pathophysiology of obesity is still debatable and there is little evidence for a direct effect of vitamin D supplementation on body weight. Therefore, randomized large-scale double-blind controlled trials are needed in the future to clearly establish the effects of vitamin D in obesity.","PeriodicalId":432482,"journal":{"name":"The Korean Journal of Obesity","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131330065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-01DOI: 10.7570/KJO.2014.23.3.141
Minsuk Oh, YoonMyung Kim, S. Suh, J. Jeon
{"title":"Effects of Resistance Exercise Training on Childhood Obesity","authors":"Minsuk Oh, YoonMyung Kim, S. Suh, J. Jeon","doi":"10.7570/KJO.2014.23.3.141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7570/KJO.2014.23.3.141","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":432482,"journal":{"name":"The Korean Journal of Obesity","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114295762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-01DOI: 10.7570/KJO.2014.23.3.170
Chu‐Sook Kim, R. Yu
Background: Obesity-induced adipose inflammation contributes to the development of metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. In this study, we investigated whether quercetin, a naturally occurring phytochemical, can attenuate adipose tissue inflammation in obese mice. Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned into either control (RD, N=6), high fat diet (HFD, N=6), or HFD supplemented with 0.05% quercetin (HFD+Que, N=6) groups and treated with their respective diets for 9 weeks. The inflammatory cytokine pro-teins were measured by ELISA, and macrophage populations were determined by immunohistochemistry. The inflammatory receptors and downstream signaling molecules were measured by qPCR and western blot, respectively. Results: We show here that in an HFD-fed mice model, quercetin supplementation reduced adipose tissue weight without affecting HFD-induced body weight gain. Quercetin supplementation reduced expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, MCP-1, MIP-1α) and macrophage accumulation (F4/80) in adipose tissue of an HFD-fed mice. Quercetin also suppressed the expression of inflammatory receptors (CCR2, TLR4, TNFRSF9) and the activation of downstream inflammatory signaling molecules (JNK, NF-κB) in adipose tissue. Conclusion: These findings indicate that quercetin can reduce adipose inflammatory responses in mice exposed to HFD by inhibiting inflammatory cytokines production, inflammatory receptor expression and their signaling pathway. Quercetin may be useful for preventing HFD-induced adipose tissue inflammation.
{"title":"The Inhibitory Effect of Quercetin on Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Mice Fed on a High-fat Diet","authors":"Chu‐Sook Kim, R. Yu","doi":"10.7570/KJO.2014.23.3.170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7570/KJO.2014.23.3.170","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Obesity-induced adipose inflammation contributes to the development of metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. In this study, we investigated whether quercetin, a naturally occurring phytochemical, can attenuate adipose tissue inflammation in obese mice. Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned into either control (RD, N=6), high fat diet (HFD, N=6), or HFD supplemented with 0.05% quercetin (HFD+Que, N=6) groups and treated with their respective diets for 9 weeks. The inflammatory cytokine pro-teins were measured by ELISA, and macrophage populations were determined by immunohistochemistry. The inflammatory receptors and downstream signaling molecules were measured by qPCR and western blot, respectively. Results: We show here that in an HFD-fed mice model, quercetin supplementation reduced adipose tissue weight without affecting HFD-induced body weight gain. Quercetin supplementation reduced expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, MCP-1, MIP-1α) and macrophage accumulation (F4/80) in adipose tissue of an HFD-fed mice. Quercetin also suppressed the expression of inflammatory receptors (CCR2, TLR4, TNFRSF9) and the activation of downstream inflammatory signaling molecules (JNK, NF-κB) in adipose tissue. Conclusion: These findings indicate that quercetin can reduce adipose inflammatory responses in mice exposed to HFD by inhibiting inflammatory cytokines production, inflammatory receptor expression and their signaling pathway. Quercetin may be useful for preventing HFD-induced adipose tissue inflammation.","PeriodicalId":432482,"journal":{"name":"The Korean Journal of Obesity","volume":"148 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134522625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-06-30DOI: 10.7570/KJO.2014.23.2.99
J. Oh
Background: Smoking is associated with increased insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is a common feature of metabolic syndrome. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between smoking and metabolic syndrome among Korean men. Methods: Subjects for this cross-sectional study included 6,281 males over the age of 20 who visited the hospital for a health check-up. Anthropometric measurements and biochemical studies were conducted. Smoking status of subjects was obtained by self-reported questionnaires. The metabolic syndrome was defined according to the revised NCEP-ATP III criteria. The risk of metabolic syndrome and its components according to smoking status was examined using the multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 28.8% and it was significantly (P 20 pack year smokers the OR was 1.11 (95% CI, 0.91-1.33), 1.28 (95% CI, 1.071.54), and 1.38 (95% CI, 1.12-1.70), respectively, compared with nonsmokers. Conclusion: These findings show that former smokers and current smokers with greater than 10 pack year history are at significantly higher risk for metabolic syndrome compared with never smokers. Especially, the risk of metabolic syndrome in current smokers is positively associated with the number of pack years of smoking.
{"title":"Association between Smoking Status and Metabolic Syndrome in Men","authors":"J. Oh","doi":"10.7570/KJO.2014.23.2.99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7570/KJO.2014.23.2.99","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Smoking is associated with increased insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is a common feature of metabolic syndrome. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between smoking and metabolic syndrome among Korean men. Methods: Subjects for this cross-sectional study included 6,281 males over the age of 20 who visited the hospital for a health check-up. Anthropometric measurements and biochemical studies were conducted. Smoking status of subjects was obtained by self-reported questionnaires. The metabolic syndrome was defined according to the revised NCEP-ATP III criteria. The risk of metabolic syndrome and its components according to smoking status was examined using the multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 28.8% and it was significantly (P 20 pack year smokers the OR was 1.11 (95% CI, 0.91-1.33), 1.28 (95% CI, 1.071.54), and 1.38 (95% CI, 1.12-1.70), respectively, compared with nonsmokers. Conclusion: These findings show that former smokers and current smokers with greater than 10 pack year history are at significantly higher risk for metabolic syndrome compared with never smokers. Especially, the risk of metabolic syndrome in current smokers is positively associated with the number of pack years of smoking.","PeriodicalId":432482,"journal":{"name":"The Korean Journal of Obesity","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127064500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-06-01DOI: 10.7570/KJO.2014.23.2.93
Jiwon Myung, Y. Han, Kyung Bin Min, Jun Young Kwon, Y. Roh, M. Choi
Background: Body mass index (BMI) is frequently used as an index to assess obesity. However, BMI has limitations in accurately predicting body fat mass in terms of stature intervals. Therefore, we analyzed the relationship between body fat % and three obesity indices; BMI, waist circumference (WC) and waist circumference to height ratio (WHtR) in short stature women. Methods: Korean women (N= 317) of 19-60 years of age with short stature, defined by 1-10th percentile stature, were enrolled as subjects. Correlation analysis was used to evaluate relationship of body fat % and the obesity indices. After defining obesity as body fat % over 30, area under curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity of the indices were obtained by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Additionally, optimal cutoff values of the indices and sensitivity, specificity at that time were obtained. Results: There was statistically significant and positive correlation between body fat % and the indices (r= 0.804 for BMI, 0.763 for WC, 0.768 for WHtR). All indices showed moderate diagnostic accuracy according to AUC (0.888 for BMI, 0.885 for WC, 0.889 for WHtR). Both sensitivity and specificity of WHtR was high (0.758, 0.885 respectively). Specificity of BMI and WC was higher than WHtR but, their sensitivity was lower than WHtR. The optimal cutoff values were 22.6 kg/m for BMI, 75.5 cm for WC, 0.50 for WHtR. Conclusion: Among the obesity indices, we observed WHtR 0.5 to be superior to BMI 25 or WC 85 cm as an index to diagnose obesity in women of short stature.
{"title":"Relationship between Body Fat Percent and Obesity Indices in Short Stature Women","authors":"Jiwon Myung, Y. Han, Kyung Bin Min, Jun Young Kwon, Y. Roh, M. Choi","doi":"10.7570/KJO.2014.23.2.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7570/KJO.2014.23.2.93","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Body mass index (BMI) is frequently used as an index to assess obesity. However, BMI has limitations in accurately predicting body fat mass in terms of stature intervals. Therefore, we analyzed the relationship between body fat % and three obesity indices; BMI, waist circumference (WC) and waist circumference to height ratio (WHtR) in short stature women. Methods: Korean women (N= 317) of 19-60 years of age with short stature, defined by 1-10th percentile stature, were enrolled as subjects. Correlation analysis was used to evaluate relationship of body fat % and the obesity indices. After defining obesity as body fat % over 30, area under curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity of the indices were obtained by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Additionally, optimal cutoff values of the indices and sensitivity, specificity at that time were obtained. Results: There was statistically significant and positive correlation between body fat % and the indices (r= 0.804 for BMI, 0.763 for WC, 0.768 for WHtR). All indices showed moderate diagnostic accuracy according to AUC (0.888 for BMI, 0.885 for WC, 0.889 for WHtR). Both sensitivity and specificity of WHtR was high (0.758, 0.885 respectively). Specificity of BMI and WC was higher than WHtR but, their sensitivity was lower than WHtR. The optimal cutoff values were 22.6 kg/m for BMI, 75.5 cm for WC, 0.50 for WHtR. Conclusion: Among the obesity indices, we observed WHtR 0.5 to be superior to BMI 25 or WC 85 cm as an index to diagnose obesity in women of short stature.","PeriodicalId":432482,"journal":{"name":"The Korean Journal of Obesity","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132218220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-06-01DOI: 10.7570/KJO.2014.23.2.106
Si Hwa Kim, O. Yu, Moon‐Sun Byun, Y. Cha, Tae-sun Park
program in 46 aged women (including 16 halfway dropouts) with BMI < 23 kg/m 2 in Jeollabukdo region. The anthropometry, blood pressure, serum biochemistry, DEXA, dietary behavior, knowledge on nutrition, and nutritional intake data of the subjects were assessed before and after undergoing the weight management program. Results: Bodyweight, BMI, and body fat percentage of the subjects were significantly (P < 0.001) decreased after the weight management program. Also the blood glucose (P < 0.01) and LDL-cholesterol (P < 0.05) levels were significantly decreased, whereas HDL-cholesterol (P < 0.001) was significantly increased. The DEXA results indicated that body fat mass and body fat percentage were significantly decreased, but the lean mass increased significantly (P < 0.001). Furthermore, improvements were noted in 10 out of the 15 dietary behavior questions and 6 out of 15 nutrition knowledge’s questions (P < 0.05). Energy intake was decreased significantly (P < 0.001). Conclusion: This study suggests that weight management program improves many obesity related parameters as in body fat mass and serum lipid biochemistry thus, promoting a positive health effect.
{"title":"Effects of Weight Management Program for Middle Aged Women with Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors","authors":"Si Hwa Kim, O. Yu, Moon‐Sun Byun, Y. Cha, Tae-sun Park","doi":"10.7570/KJO.2014.23.2.106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7570/KJO.2014.23.2.106","url":null,"abstract":"program in 46 aged women (including 16 halfway dropouts) with BMI < 23 kg/m 2 in Jeollabukdo region. The anthropometry, blood pressure, serum biochemistry, DEXA, dietary behavior, knowledge on nutrition, and nutritional intake data of the subjects were assessed before and after undergoing the weight management program. Results: Bodyweight, BMI, and body fat percentage of the subjects were significantly (P < 0.001) decreased after the weight management program. Also the blood glucose (P < 0.01) and LDL-cholesterol (P < 0.05) levels were significantly decreased, whereas HDL-cholesterol (P < 0.001) was significantly increased. The DEXA results indicated that body fat mass and body fat percentage were significantly decreased, but the lean mass increased significantly (P < 0.001). Furthermore, improvements were noted in 10 out of the 15 dietary behavior questions and 6 out of 15 nutrition knowledge’s questions (P < 0.05). Energy intake was decreased significantly (P < 0.001). Conclusion: This study suggests that weight management program improves many obesity related parameters as in body fat mass and serum lipid biochemistry thus, promoting a positive health effect.","PeriodicalId":432482,"journal":{"name":"The Korean Journal of Obesity","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125324193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-06-01DOI: 10.7570/KJO.2014.23.2.125
Inhwan Lee, Youngyun Jin, Jin-Kyung Cho, Jin-Hwan Yoon, H.-S. Kang
Background: This study examined the association of depression with functional physical fitness, body fatness, and serum vitamin D in elderly persons. Methods: This was a cross sectional study involving 21 men with mean age of 75.4 ± 6.8 years and 96 women with mean age of 75.0 ± 6.8 years. Body mass index, percent body fat, and waist circumference were measured according to a standardized protocol. Functional physical fitness including strength, cardiorespiratory endurance, agility, dynamic balance and flexibility was measured in accordance to a standardized fitness assessment manual. Serum levels of vitamin D, lipoprotein lipids, fasting glucose and insulin were measured with standardized procedures. Korean form of Geriatric Depression Scale (K-GDS) was used to assess depression level and status. Pearson correlation analyses were used to calculate bivariate correlations between measured variables. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to identify any independent predictors for K-GDS-based depression score. Results: Depression score was significantly and inversely associated with functional physical fitness including strength (P < 0.001), cardiorespiratory endurance (P < 0.001), agility (P = 0.002) and dynamic balance (P < 0.001). A similar trend in correlation was observed between depression and serum vitamin D level. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that strength (P < 0.001), cardiorespiratory endurance (P = 0.005), and percent body fat (P = 0.045) were significant independent predictors of depression in this study population. Conclusion: The finding of the study suggest that fitness promotion along with a healthy diet habit should be a key component of intervention against depression in elderly persons.
{"title":"Association between Depression and Physical Fitness, Body Fatness and Serum Vitamin D in Elderly Population","authors":"Inhwan Lee, Youngyun Jin, Jin-Kyung Cho, Jin-Hwan Yoon, H.-S. Kang","doi":"10.7570/KJO.2014.23.2.125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7570/KJO.2014.23.2.125","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study examined the association of depression with functional physical fitness, body fatness, and serum vitamin D in elderly persons. Methods: This was a cross sectional study involving 21 men with mean age of 75.4 ± 6.8 years and 96 women with mean age of 75.0 ± 6.8 years. Body mass index, percent body fat, and waist circumference were measured according to a standardized protocol. Functional physical fitness including strength, cardiorespiratory endurance, agility, dynamic balance and flexibility was measured in accordance to a standardized fitness assessment manual. Serum levels of vitamin D, lipoprotein lipids, fasting glucose and insulin were measured with standardized procedures. Korean form of Geriatric Depression Scale (K-GDS) was used to assess depression level and status. Pearson correlation analyses were used to calculate bivariate correlations between measured variables. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to identify any independent predictors for K-GDS-based depression score. Results: Depression score was significantly and inversely associated with functional physical fitness including strength (P < 0.001), cardiorespiratory endurance (P < 0.001), agility (P = 0.002) and dynamic balance (P < 0.001). A similar trend in correlation was observed between depression and serum vitamin D level. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that strength (P < 0.001), cardiorespiratory endurance (P = 0.005), and percent body fat (P = 0.045) were significant independent predictors of depression in this study population. Conclusion: The finding of the study suggest that fitness promotion along with a healthy diet habit should be a key component of intervention against depression in elderly persons.","PeriodicalId":432482,"journal":{"name":"The Korean Journal of Obesity","volume":"167 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131815888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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