Paulo Henrique de C. Oliveira, Mylène C. Q. Farias, Daniel S. Ferreira, A. Krylov, Yong Ding
The process of diagnosing brain tumors from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often time-consuming. Thus, a rapid analyses through an automated system could help improve the treatment possibilities and optimize hospital resources. This paper proposes a method for the classification of brain tumors by means of pre-selecting the tumor region. We estimate the region of interest using attention algorithms and input it to a neural network that classifies the regions as tumoral and non-tumoral. Pre-selecting the region of interest, instead of using the entire image, produced a final classification accuracy of 91.68%, 92.58%, 92.69%, and 93.4% with the models Resnet18, Resnet34, VGG16, and Alexnet, respectively. Once the dimensional space of the input image is reduced, the neural networks is able to capture additional details of the tumor regions during the training stage. This study demonstrates the importance of saliency maps for identifying tumor regions in magnetic resonance images.
{"title":"Using a Saliency-Driven Convolutional Neural Network Framework for Brain Tumor Detection","authors":"Paulo Henrique de C. Oliveira, Mylène C. Q. Farias, Daniel S. Ferreira, A. Krylov, Yong Ding","doi":"10.1145/3545729.3545762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3545729.3545762","url":null,"abstract":"The process of diagnosing brain tumors from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often time-consuming. Thus, a rapid analyses through an automated system could help improve the treatment possibilities and optimize hospital resources. This paper proposes a method for the classification of brain tumors by means of pre-selecting the tumor region. We estimate the region of interest using attention algorithms and input it to a neural network that classifies the regions as tumoral and non-tumoral. Pre-selecting the region of interest, instead of using the entire image, produced a final classification accuracy of 91.68%, 92.58%, 92.69%, and 93.4% with the models Resnet18, Resnet34, VGG16, and Alexnet, respectively. Once the dimensional space of the input image is reduced, the neural networks is able to capture additional details of the tumor regions during the training stage. This study demonstrates the importance of saliency maps for identifying tumor regions in magnetic resonance images.","PeriodicalId":432782,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Medical and Health Informatics","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115222784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Because of the Coronavirus disease and the problem of uneven distribution of physicians between urban and rural areas, telemedicine is widely adopted, including tele-dermatology. However, there is still no formal and consistent format for telemedicine data exchange in Taiwan. In 2021, Ministry of Health and Welfare (MOHW) of Taiwan has announced that the National Electronic Medical Record Exchange Center (EEC) should follow Fast Health Care Interoperability Resources (FHIR) based on Health Level 7 (HL7) in Taiwan. Dermatoscope has become a significant tool for diagnosis in dermatology. It is used in diagnosing benign and malignant skin tumors, seborrheic keratosis, malignant melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and basal cell carcinoma, etc. With the advancement of medical optical imaging, dermoscope has become a convenient, portable, non-invasive, diagnostic instrument. In this study, we set FHIR standards for the interoperability of information for digital dermatoscope in teleconsultation, and built a FHIR-based teleconsultation system. There were two stages: Setting the FHIR standard for information of digital dermatoscope in teleconsultation and sharing information between teleconsultation system and the FHIR server.
{"title":"Applying FHIR in Remote Consultation in Dermatology: Interoperability of Information for Digital Dermatoscope","authors":"Tzu-Fang Peng, Hung-Wen Chiu","doi":"10.1145/3545729.3545739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3545729.3545739","url":null,"abstract":"Because of the Coronavirus disease and the problem of uneven distribution of physicians between urban and rural areas, telemedicine is widely adopted, including tele-dermatology. However, there is still no formal and consistent format for telemedicine data exchange in Taiwan. In 2021, Ministry of Health and Welfare (MOHW) of Taiwan has announced that the National Electronic Medical Record Exchange Center (EEC) should follow Fast Health Care Interoperability Resources (FHIR) based on Health Level 7 (HL7) in Taiwan. Dermatoscope has become a significant tool for diagnosis in dermatology. It is used in diagnosing benign and malignant skin tumors, seborrheic keratosis, malignant melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and basal cell carcinoma, etc. With the advancement of medical optical imaging, dermoscope has become a convenient, portable, non-invasive, diagnostic instrument. In this study, we set FHIR standards for the interoperability of information for digital dermatoscope in teleconsultation, and built a FHIR-based teleconsultation system. There were two stages: Setting the FHIR standard for information of digital dermatoscope in teleconsultation and sharing information between teleconsultation system and the FHIR server.","PeriodicalId":432782,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Medical and Health Informatics","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130309037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
African Business Magazine is one of market leaders in providing country supplements, industry reports and market intelligence on Africa. African Business was first published in January 1982. Its headquarters are in London. The monthly magazine covers business events, special reports which discuss specific sectors and industries across Africa. Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 Pandemic in March 2020, the monthly magazine published 64 reports or articles related to the COVID-19 status in Africa continent. This study tries to retrieve from these reports published on the magazine since March 2022 to study local perspectives on the pandemic event. Africa government's responses to the spread of the COVID-19 and impacts to economy and public health retrieved from the mass medias will be compared with WHO's guidelines under different stages since outbreak of the pandemic to verify whether African's COVID-19 prevention performance can be trusted. This study would add African's viewpoints to prevent COVID-19 under the limits of fragile health system to the existed pandemic studies.
{"title":"Are Africa on the Right Track to Prevent COVID-19? Reflections from African Business Magazine's Coverage of the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Kuo-Kuang Huang","doi":"10.1145/3545729.3545790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3545729.3545790","url":null,"abstract":"African Business Magazine is one of market leaders in providing country supplements, industry reports and market intelligence on Africa. African Business was first published in January 1982. Its headquarters are in London. The monthly magazine covers business events, special reports which discuss specific sectors and industries across Africa. Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 Pandemic in March 2020, the monthly magazine published 64 reports or articles related to the COVID-19 status in Africa continent. This study tries to retrieve from these reports published on the magazine since March 2022 to study local perspectives on the pandemic event. Africa government's responses to the spread of the COVID-19 and impacts to economy and public health retrieved from the mass medias will be compared with WHO's guidelines under different stages since outbreak of the pandemic to verify whether African's COVID-19 prevention performance can be trusted. This study would add African's viewpoints to prevent COVID-19 under the limits of fragile health system to the existed pandemic studies.","PeriodicalId":432782,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Medical and Health Informatics","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130623343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jung-Shian Li, Yen-Chu Peng, I. Liu, Chuan-Gang Liu
In healthcare field, many machine learning schemes have been applied in analyzing image content dataset. Among them, deep neural networks (DNNs), also known as deep learning, catches much attention. However, if deep neural networks are compromised by the attacker, medical diagnosis may be wrong, which leads to vital result. Recently, we find a new poisoning attack on DNNs may possibly happens due to poisoning dataset. This new poisoning attack, Category Diverse attack, has better ability to paralyze DNNs. Our performance experiments show our Category diverse attack actually leads to large accuracy drop of DNNs. We hope this discovery can help the information experts can improve the medical dataset quality in the future.
{"title":"A New Poisoning Attacks on Deep Neural Networks","authors":"Jung-Shian Li, Yen-Chu Peng, I. Liu, Chuan-Gang Liu","doi":"10.1145/3545729.3545736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3545729.3545736","url":null,"abstract":"In healthcare field, many machine learning schemes have been applied in analyzing image content dataset. Among them, deep neural networks (DNNs), also known as deep learning, catches much attention. However, if deep neural networks are compromised by the attacker, medical diagnosis may be wrong, which leads to vital result. Recently, we find a new poisoning attack on DNNs may possibly happens due to poisoning dataset. This new poisoning attack, Category Diverse attack, has better ability to paralyze DNNs. Our performance experiments show our Category diverse attack actually leads to large accuracy drop of DNNs. We hope this discovery can help the information experts can improve the medical dataset quality in the future.","PeriodicalId":432782,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Medical and Health Informatics","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126532471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
According to a statistic report from World Health Organization (WHO), fall is the second leading cause of death. They even add that residents with a disability who live in the nursing home or chronic care facility have a higher risk for falls. Approximately 30 to 50% of them had encountered fall every year, about 40% of them had more than once. Based on a statistic report released by the National Health Insurance Administration of Taiwan in 2018, fall is the second leading cause of death for people above 65 years old. Based on the population record, Taiwan will turn Super-aged society in 2025. The increasing demand and recent success of deep learning technology in the various research fields, especially computer vision, encouraged us to develop a deep learning based fall detecting system. Through this system, we aim to reduce the detection time of falls. A Unidirectional Multi-Scale Spatial Encoder and Bidirectional Temporal Decoder neural network is proposed to enhance performance for human fall detection. Additionally, we also utilize an auxiliary dataset "UCF50" to enhance the model's spatial recognition ability. The proposed method was able to achieve accuracy of 99.7% and F1-score of 99.97 at URFD.
{"title":"Human Fall Detection Based on Unidirectional Multi-Scale Spatial Encoder and Bidirectional Temporal Decoder Neural Network","authors":"Chi Ee Yeoh, Jyun-Guo Wang","doi":"10.1145/3545729.3545756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3545729.3545756","url":null,"abstract":"According to a statistic report from World Health Organization (WHO), fall is the second leading cause of death. They even add that residents with a disability who live in the nursing home or chronic care facility have a higher risk for falls. Approximately 30 to 50% of them had encountered fall every year, about 40% of them had more than once. Based on a statistic report released by the National Health Insurance Administration of Taiwan in 2018, fall is the second leading cause of death for people above 65 years old. Based on the population record, Taiwan will turn Super-aged society in 2025. The increasing demand and recent success of deep learning technology in the various research fields, especially computer vision, encouraged us to develop a deep learning based fall detecting system. Through this system, we aim to reduce the detection time of falls. A Unidirectional Multi-Scale Spatial Encoder and Bidirectional Temporal Decoder neural network is proposed to enhance performance for human fall detection. Additionally, we also utilize an auxiliary dataset \"UCF50\" to enhance the model's spatial recognition ability. The proposed method was able to achieve accuracy of 99.7% and F1-score of 99.97 at URFD.","PeriodicalId":432782,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Medical and Health Informatics","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134016775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elderly population will continue to grow. Wrinkles are one of signs of skin aging because of the progressive loss of the dermal matrix content. Collagen is the most abundant dermal protein that it's content per unit area of skin surface decreases approximately 1% per year. The science and technology of modern engineering for wrinkle improvement has continued to evolve. Skin rejuvenation techniques for wrinkle repair have changed dramatically with the development of lasers. This study aimed to evaluate rejuvenation of wrinkle repair through collagen induction using a novel picosecond laser. Twenty subjects between 36 and 55 years old with wrinkle in the forearm were recruited. Before and 4 weeks after the subject was given treatment, a clinical examination and biopsy for histopathological examination was carried out as a pre and post-test evaluation, then treatment was carried out using a picosecond laser. Patients were predominantly female with a mean age of 42.5. At 1 month follow-up, a significant improvement was noted in wrinkle and collagen density (p<0.05). This picosecond laser was found to be effective in treating wrinkle through collagen induction which was confirmed by clinical and collagen density examination. It is believed that the high energy delivered by the picosecond laser is absorbed by intraepidermal melanin to form laser induced optical breakdown that converted into pressure waves that propagate into the dermis. This barotrauma may lead to changes in the dermis that result in collagen induction and dermal improvement. Picosecond laser is an effective option for rejuvenation through collagen induction.
{"title":"Rejuvenation through Collagen Induced with a Novel Picosecond Laser","authors":"Putri Hendria Wardhan, C. Prakoeswa, M. Listiawan","doi":"10.1145/3545729.3545775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3545729.3545775","url":null,"abstract":"Elderly population will continue to grow. Wrinkles are one of signs of skin aging because of the progressive loss of the dermal matrix content. Collagen is the most abundant dermal protein that it's content per unit area of skin surface decreases approximately 1% per year. The science and technology of modern engineering for wrinkle improvement has continued to evolve. Skin rejuvenation techniques for wrinkle repair have changed dramatically with the development of lasers. This study aimed to evaluate rejuvenation of wrinkle repair through collagen induction using a novel picosecond laser. Twenty subjects between 36 and 55 years old with wrinkle in the forearm were recruited. Before and 4 weeks after the subject was given treatment, a clinical examination and biopsy for histopathological examination was carried out as a pre and post-test evaluation, then treatment was carried out using a picosecond laser. Patients were predominantly female with a mean age of 42.5. At 1 month follow-up, a significant improvement was noted in wrinkle and collagen density (p<0.05). This picosecond laser was found to be effective in treating wrinkle through collagen induction which was confirmed by clinical and collagen density examination. It is believed that the high energy delivered by the picosecond laser is absorbed by intraepidermal melanin to form laser induced optical breakdown that converted into pressure waves that propagate into the dermis. This barotrauma may lead to changes in the dermis that result in collagen induction and dermal improvement. Picosecond laser is an effective option for rejuvenation through collagen induction.","PeriodicalId":432782,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Medical and Health Informatics","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134598290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: Objective: To explore the intervention effect and mechanism of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in adult women with Temporomandibular disorders pain for over three months. Methods: Among the adult patients with temporomandibular joint disorders diagnosed for the first time from 2019 to 2021, randomly selected 24 in the supportive group and 23 in the CBT group with physiological treatment, eight, 50min/week/time paired psychological intervention, cortisol testing for one and three months of follow-up and efficacy question answered. Paired independent sample t-test, qualitative analysis discusses the effect and mechanism. Results: CBT had a significant effect on pain trends in chronic TMJ disorders in adult women (I / S= -1.15, P <0.001): self-growth, emotional management, and pain improvement; the supportive group was stress regulation and interpersonal relationship. Conclusion: Psychological intervention can effectively relieve pain; the higher pain value is better; different mechanisms have different treatments. For example, CBT in self-growth, emotional management, pain improvement, and supportive therapy in interpersonal improvement and stress adjustment enhances the psychological resilience of patients.
摘要:目的:探讨认知行为疗法(CBT)对3个月以上成年女性颞下颌紊乱性疼痛的干预效果及机制。方法:在2019 - 2021年首次诊断的成年颞下颌关节障碍患者中，随机选择支持组24例、CBT组23例进行生理治疗，8次、50min/周/次配对心理干预，进行1个月和3个月的皮质醇测试随访并回答疗效问题。配对独立样本t检验，定性分析探讨效果及机制。结果:CBT对成年女性慢性颞下颌关节疾病患者疼痛趋势有显著影响(I / S= -1.15, P <0.001):自我成长、情绪管理和疼痛改善;支持组为压力调节和人际关系。结论:心理干预能有效缓解疼痛;疼痛值越高越好;不同的机制有不同的处理方法。例如，在自我成长、情绪管理、疼痛改善方面的CBT，以及在人际关系改善和压力调节方面的支持治疗，都能增强患者的心理弹性。
{"title":"Mechanism of action of cognitive behavioral therapy on pain in adult women with major TMJ disorders","authors":"Shujun Dong, Yuqing Zhang, X. Cen, Xiaojing Li, Lixia Yu, Zhongjie Li, Xiaoqin Zhu","doi":"10.1145/3545729.3545769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3545729.3545769","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Objective: To explore the intervention effect and mechanism of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in adult women with Temporomandibular disorders pain for over three months. Methods: Among the adult patients with temporomandibular joint disorders diagnosed for the first time from 2019 to 2021, randomly selected 24 in the supportive group and 23 in the CBT group with physiological treatment, eight, 50min/week/time paired psychological intervention, cortisol testing for one and three months of follow-up and efficacy question answered. Paired independent sample t-test, qualitative analysis discusses the effect and mechanism. Results: CBT had a significant effect on pain trends in chronic TMJ disorders in adult women (I / S= -1.15, P <0.001): self-growth, emotional management, and pain improvement; the supportive group was stress regulation and interpersonal relationship. Conclusion: Psychological intervention can effectively relieve pain; the higher pain value is better; different mechanisms have different treatments. For example, CBT in self-growth, emotional management, pain improvement, and supportive therapy in interpersonal improvement and stress adjustment enhances the psychological resilience of patients.","PeriodicalId":432782,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Medical and Health Informatics","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124126256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Medical and Health Informatics","authors":"","doi":"10.1145/3545729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3545729","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":432782,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Medical and Health Informatics","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127343539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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