Pub Date : 2021-11-02DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0015.6228
Bikri Samir, Asmae Hsaini, Tamara Lababneh, Ismail Louragli, Hajar Benmhammed, Ahmed Omar Touhami Ahami, Y. Aboussaleh
Several recent studies designate that individuals with type-1-diabetes (T1D) are at higher risk for cognitive impairment than their peers without T1D. The aim of this study was to determine whether socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, eating attitude and psycho-emotional characteristics can predict visual perception (VP) and working memory (WM) impairment in the Moroccan population with T1D. A cross-sectional analysis was carried out in adult T1D patients (N=140). The Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure test (electronical version) was used to evaluate the VP and WM. Moreover, patients also completed the 21-item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale to assess their mental health state. In order to evaluate the risk of eating disorders the Eating attitudes Test-26 were used. Finally, anthropometric properties and clinical characteristics were evaluated. Predictors of cognitive dysfunction were determined using the hierarchical regression analysis. The major result was that age, long diabetes duration, glycemia, HbA1c, dieting and bulimia were the potential predictors of low scores in VP and WM. Other significant predictors were cholesterol, triglycerides for visual perception. Although psych-emotional symptoms including stress, anxiety, and depression were not a significant predictors of VP and WM impairment. Furthermore, our findings showed that the more the level of stress increases, the VP and WM scores significantly decrease. This study suggests that it can be helpful for medical practitioners to screen for disordered eating behaviors and emotional symptoms as a supplemental risk factor for cognitive impairment in T1D.
{"title":"PREDICTING VISUAL PERCEPTION AND WORKING MEMORY DEFICITS AMONG PATIENTS WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES: THE IMPLICATION OF EATING ATTITUDE AND MENTAL HEALTH STATUS","authors":"Bikri Samir, Asmae Hsaini, Tamara Lababneh, Ismail Louragli, Hajar Benmhammed, Ahmed Omar Touhami Ahami, Y. Aboussaleh","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.6228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.6228","url":null,"abstract":"Several recent studies designate that individuals with type-1-diabetes (T1D) are at higher risk for cognitive impairment than their peers without T1D. The aim of this study was to determine whether socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, eating attitude and psycho-emotional characteristics can predict visual perception (VP) and working memory (WM) impairment in the Moroccan population with T1D.\u0000\u0000A cross-sectional analysis was carried out in adult T1D patients (N=140). The Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure test (electronical version) was used to evaluate the VP and WM. Moreover, patients also completed the 21-item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale to assess their mental health state. In order to evaluate the risk of eating disorders the Eating attitudes Test-26 were used. Finally, anthropometric properties and clinical characteristics were evaluated. Predictors of cognitive dysfunction were determined using the hierarchical regression analysis.\u0000\u0000The major result was that age, long diabetes duration, glycemia, HbA1c, dieting and bulimia were the potential predictors of low scores in VP and WM. Other significant predictors were cholesterol, triglycerides for visual perception. Although psych-emotional symptoms including stress, anxiety, and depression were not a significant predictors of VP and WM impairment. Furthermore, our findings showed that the more the level of stress increases, the VP and WM scores significantly decrease.\u0000\u0000This study suggests that it can be helpful for medical practitioners to screen for disordered eating behaviors and emotional symptoms as a supplemental risk factor for cognitive impairment in T1D.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":43280,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41532936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-02DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0015.6000
Jacek Łukasiewicz, W. Kowalski
Observation of reality shows that the attitude of today's society towards the elderly is very heterogenous and ambivalent. Both positive and negative attitudes can be observed. What is more, one can talk about attitudes of indifference and a certain social distance. The main goal of the research is to show how attitudes towards the elderly are shaped in our society and whether demographic variables such as gender, age, marital status, place of residence, or level of education differentiate these attitudes. Can we talk about the formation of certain patterns among the younger generation, which create the image of older people in adults? The sample consisted of 1,025 people. The Scale of Attitudes towards Seniors (SPWS) by Łukasiewicz and Kowalski was administered. The entire tool consisted of 60 items divided into three scales: Respect and Support, Rejection and Misunderstanding, and Social Distance. In order to examine the attitudes of the respondents to their grandparents and their role in family life, seven self-authored statements were attached to the questionnaire. The analysis of the obtained results shows no significant differences between positive and negative attitudes towards seniors. All attitudes are at a moderate level. The factors differentiating the intensity of attitudes were: gender, marital status, place of residence, and education level. The indicator of the development of positive attitudes towards seniors was the time spent with grandparents in the past and positive opinions about grandparents provided by parents. Earlier intergenerational relations are of no significant importance when it came to the intensification of negative attitudes. The research confirmed the existence of heterogeneous attitudes towards seniors. However, there is no clear advantage of positive attitudes over the negative. The conclusions from the research point to the role of broadly understood education in shaping attitudes towards the elderly. In the age of an ageing society, activities that show the significance of older people for society, and what value they are for all of us, become important. The family and multigenerational relationships play a significant role here.
{"title":"ATTITUDES TOWARDS SENIORS IN THE CONTEXT OF PREVIOUS FAMILY RELATIONS EXPERIENCE","authors":"Jacek Łukasiewicz, W. Kowalski","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.6000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.6000","url":null,"abstract":"Observation of reality shows that the attitude of today's society towards the elderly is very heterogenous and ambivalent. Both positive and negative attitudes can be observed. What is more, one can talk about attitudes of indifference and a certain social distance. The main goal of the research is to show how attitudes towards the elderly are shaped in our society and whether demographic variables such as gender, age, marital status, place of residence, or level of education differentiate these attitudes. Can we talk about the formation of certain patterns among the younger generation, which create the image of older people in adults?\u0000\u0000The sample consisted of 1,025 people. The Scale of Attitudes towards Seniors (SPWS) by Łukasiewicz and Kowalski was administered. The entire tool consisted of 60 items divided into three scales: Respect and Support, Rejection and Misunderstanding, and Social Distance. In order to examine the attitudes of the respondents to their grandparents and their role in family life, seven self-authored statements were attached to the questionnaire.\u0000\u0000The analysis of the obtained results shows no significant differences between positive and negative attitudes towards seniors. All attitudes are at a moderate level. The factors differentiating the intensity of attitudes were: gender, marital status, place of residence, and education level. The indicator of the development of positive attitudes towards seniors was the time spent with grandparents in the past and positive opinions about grandparents provided by parents. Earlier intergenerational relations are of no significant importance when it came to the intensification of negative attitudes.\u0000\u0000The research confirmed the existence of heterogeneous attitudes towards seniors. However, there is no clear advantage of positive attitudes over the negative. The conclusions from the research point to the role of broadly understood education in shaping attitudes towards the elderly. In the age of an ageing society, activities that show the significance of older people for society, and what value they are for all of us, become important. The family and multigenerational relationships play a significant role here.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":43280,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42189920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-13DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-143731/v1
K. Karjouh, F. Azzaoui, R. Ouerchefani, Wafae Idrissi Semlali, K. Mammad, G. Chtabou, A. Ahami
Alexithymia is an emotion regulation problem that may be related to suicidality, especially in patients with SUD.The study aimed at estimating the prevalence of alexithymia in Moroccan psychoactive substances users, and to establish the links between alexithymia and suicidal ideation and behaviors, anxiety and depression in drug-dependent patients.We also aimed to elucidate if alexithymia predicts suicidal thoughts and behaviors in these consumers. The study included 451 consecutively admitted patients with substance use. Consumers were examined with the Toronto alexithymia scale (TAS-20), State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and The Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS)Among substance-dependent individuals, 72.7% was identified as a group with alexithymia. Current age and age at first substance use were lower in the alexithymic group (p<0.01).The mean STAI-Y state and C-SSRS scores were higher in the group with alexithymia (p<0.01). There was a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of mean scores for anxiety traits (p<0.05) and no significant difference in terms of mean scores for depression. All of the scores correlated significantly with.Addicted patients with alexithymia could be targeted at preventing the onset of suicidal thoughts and behaviorThe present study also evokes that whenever an emotional regulation disorder is observed, the possibility of anxio-depressive symptomatology and suicidality (ideation and behavior) needs to be assessed.
{"title":"Alexithymia, Suicidal Ideation and Behaviour in Moroccan Psychoactive Substance Users","authors":"K. Karjouh, F. Azzaoui, R. Ouerchefani, Wafae Idrissi Semlali, K. Mammad, G. Chtabou, A. Ahami","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-143731/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-143731/v1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Alexithymia is an emotion regulation problem that may be related to suicidality, especially in patients with SUD.The study aimed at estimating the prevalence of alexithymia in Moroccan psychoactive substances users, and to establish the links between alexithymia and suicidal ideation and behaviors, anxiety and depression in drug-dependent patients.We also aimed to elucidate if alexithymia predicts suicidal thoughts and behaviors in these consumers. The study included 451 consecutively admitted patients with substance use. Consumers were examined with the Toronto alexithymia scale (TAS-20), State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and The Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS)Among substance-dependent individuals, 72.7% was identified as a group with alexithymia. Current age and age at first substance use were lower in the alexithymic group (p<0.01).The mean STAI-Y state and C-SSRS scores were higher in the group with alexithymia (p<0.01). There was a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of mean scores for anxiety traits (p<0.05) and no significant difference in terms of mean scores for depression. All of the scores correlated significantly with.Addicted patients with alexithymia could be targeted at preventing the onset of suicidal thoughts and behaviorThe present study also evokes that whenever an emotional regulation disorder is observed, the possibility of anxio-depressive symptomatology and suicidality (ideation and behavior) needs to be assessed.","PeriodicalId":43280,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47148407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-04DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0013.6551
K. Leis, E. Mazur, M. Racinowski, Tomasz Jamrożek, J. Gołębiewski, P. Gałązka, M. Pąchalska
Delusional misidentification syndrome (DMS) is an umbrella term for syndromes of intermetamorphosis, Fregoli, and Capgras. DMS) is thought to be related to dissociation between recognition and identification processes. DMS was described for the first time in 1932 as a variant of the Capgras syndrome and is currently on the DSM-V list of diseases as an independent disease entity. Patients affected by DMS believed that people around them, most often family, have changed physically (appearance) and mentally (character). Other symptoms include confabulation, derealization or depersonalization. In patients, aggressive behavior is often observed, aimed at alleged doppelgangers resulting from the sense of being cheated and manipulated. With the intermetamorphosis syndrome, for example, schizophrenia, depression, bipolar disorder or other misidentification syndromes (Fregoli's, Capgras) may coexist. There is also a reverse intermetamorphosis, where the object of the changed appearance or character becomes the patient himself. One of its forms may be lycanthropy. The etiology of the intermetamorphosis has not been fully understood, one of the reasons may be brain damage and changes in the parietal and/or temporal lobes of the right hemisphere. It may then damage long neuronal connections to the frontal areas of the brain, disturbances of working memory (WM) accountable for the keep and online management of data, so that it is available for further processing, and the patient's will be uncritical. The basic method of diagnosis of this delusion is a medical interview with the patient. Other diagnostic methods include computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, EEG and ERPs. Experimental methods include searching for the neuromarker of DMS. Currently, there are no treatment guidelines of this delusional disorder, and pharmacotherapy experimental, but the drugs from the group of neuroleptics and lithium seem effective. Some hope for the treatment is created by neurotherapy, but it is also experimental.
{"title":"DELUSIONAL MISIDENTIFICATION SYNDROME: DISSOCIATION BETWEEN RECOGNITION AND IDENTIFICATION PROCESSES","authors":"K. Leis, E. Mazur, M. Racinowski, Tomasz Jamrożek, J. Gołębiewski, P. Gałązka, M. Pąchalska","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0013.6551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.6551","url":null,"abstract":"Delusional misidentification syndrome (DMS) is an umbrella term for syndromes of intermetamorphosis, Fregoli, and Capgras. DMS) is thought to be related to dissociation between recognition and identification processes. DMS was described for the first time in 1932 as a variant of the Capgras syndrome and is currently on the DSM-V list of diseases as an independent disease entity. Patients affected by DMS believed that people around them, most often family, have changed physically (appearance) and mentally (character). Other symptoms include confabulation, derealization or depersonalization. In patients, aggressive behavior is often observed, aimed at alleged doppelgangers resulting from the sense of being cheated and manipulated. With the intermetamorphosis syndrome, for example, schizophrenia, depression, bipolar disorder or other misidentification syndromes (Fregoli's, Capgras) may coexist. There is also a reverse intermetamorphosis, where the object of the changed appearance or character becomes the patient himself. One of its forms may be lycanthropy. The etiology of the intermetamorphosis has not been fully understood, one of the reasons may be brain damage and changes in the parietal and/or temporal lobes of the right hemisphere. It may then damage long neuronal connections to the frontal areas of the brain, disturbances of working memory (WM) accountable for the keep and online management of data, so that it is available for further processing, and the patient's will be uncritical. The basic method of diagnosis of this delusion is a medical interview with the patient. Other diagnostic methods include computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, EEG and ERPs. Experimental methods include searching for the neuromarker of DMS. Currently, there are no treatment guidelines of this delusional disorder, and pharmacotherapy experimental, but the drugs from the group of neuroleptics and lithium seem effective. Some hope for the treatment is created by neurotherapy, but it is also experimental.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":43280,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42427274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-25DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0013.3685
M. Pąchalska, Jolanta Góral-Półrola, A. Mirski, C. Grzywniak, Maria Łuckoś, R. Morga
We evaluated the effectiveness of three different rehabilitation programs for chronic behavioral disorders in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients with orbito-frontal damage (OFC), incurred from 13 to 15 years prior to enrollment. From among 547 adult patients with severe TBIs treated neurosurgically from 1999 to 2003, 60 were selected for the study, divided into three groups of 20, matched for age and sex. Each group received one of three different rehabilitation protocols. Group A received a comprehensive program with two components: (1) a 6-month early neuropsychological rehabilitation program targeting cognitive deficits, beginning immediately post-injury, and (2) the “Academy of Life” program, with weekly meetings aimed at reducing behavioral disorders in social transactions. Group B received only cognitive rehabilitation, while Group C received only the “Academy of Life” progam. The Frontal Behavioral Inventory (FBInv) was used to assess behavioral disorders at baseline and again after completion of the study. At baseline, all 60 patients still displayed all or most of the common behavioral symptoms characteristic of frontal syndrome. The improvement achieved by group A (the comprehensive program) was significantly better upon completion of the study than that shown by the patients in groups B (cognitive only) and C (social skills only). A comprehensive program of rehabilitation, which combines early neuropsychological rehabilitation of cognitive deficits with the “Academy of Life” program, aimed at improving social skills, proved to be more effective than either of these two components administered without the other
{"title":"THE AMELIORATION OF BEHAVIORAL DISTURBANCES IN TBI PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC FRONTAL SYNDROME AFTER TREATMENT IN DIFFERENT REHABILITATION PROGRAMS","authors":"M. Pąchalska, Jolanta Góral-Półrola, A. Mirski, C. Grzywniak, Maria Łuckoś, R. Morga","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0013.3685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.3685","url":null,"abstract":"We evaluated the effectiveness of three different rehabilitation programs for chronic behavioral disorders in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients with orbito-frontal damage (OFC), incurred from 13 to 15 years prior to enrollment.\u0000\u0000From among 547 adult patients with severe TBIs treated neurosurgically from 1999 to 2003, 60 were selected for the study, divided into three groups of 20, matched for age and sex. Each group received one of three different rehabilitation protocols. Group A received a comprehensive program with two components: (1) a 6-month early neuropsychological rehabilitation program targeting cognitive deficits, beginning immediately post-injury, and (2) the “Academy of Life” program, with weekly meetings aimed at reducing behavioral disorders in social transactions. Group B received only cognitive rehabilitation, while Group C received only the “Academy of Life” progam. The Frontal Behavioral Inventory (FBInv) was used to assess behavioral disorders at baseline and again after completion of the study.\u0000\u0000At baseline, all 60 patients still displayed all or most of the common behavioral symptoms characteristic of frontal syndrome. The improvement achieved by group A (the comprehensive program) was significantly better upon completion of the study than that shown by the patients in groups B (cognitive only) and C (social skills only).\u0000\u0000A comprehensive program of rehabilitation, which combines early neuropsychological rehabilitation of cognitive deficits with the “Academy of Life” program, aimed at improving social skills, proved to be more effective than either of these two components administered without the other\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":43280,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45405943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-25DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0013.5950
K. Markiewicz, B. Kaczmarek, J. Kropotov, Weronika D. MacQueen, B. Macqueen, M. Pąchalska
The aim of this study was to examine the neurophysiological correlates of cognitive dysfunctions in a patient with the minimally verbal variant of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD + MV), who after reaching adulthood showed progressive deterioration of his cognitive skills. The patient was a 25-year-old male, diagnosed with ASD. He never developed spoken language, and communicated only by gesturing or writing on a computer. Our findings confirmed comorbidity of ASD and epilepsy, accompanied by dysfunction of cognitive control. We also found that spontaneous EEG and event-related potentials (ERPs) in a cued GO/NOGO task can be used to assess functional brain changes concomitant with ASD.
{"title":"COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTIONS IN A MINIMALLY VERBAL (MV) PATIENT WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER (ASD)","authors":"K. Markiewicz, B. Kaczmarek, J. Kropotov, Weronika D. MacQueen, B. Macqueen, M. Pąchalska","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0013.5950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5950","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to examine the neurophysiological correlates of cognitive dysfunctions in a patient with the minimally verbal variant of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD + MV), who after reaching adulthood showed progressive deterioration of his cognitive skills.\u0000\u0000The patient was a 25-year-old male, diagnosed with ASD. He never developed spoken language, and communicated only by gesturing or writing on a computer.\u0000\u0000Our findings confirmed comorbidity of ASD and epilepsy, accompanied by dysfunction of cognitive control. We also found that spontaneous EEG and event-related potentials (ERPs) in a cued GO/NOGO task can be used to assess functional brain changes concomitant with ASD.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":43280,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42769417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-25DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0013.5599
S. Ihbour, R. Hnini, H. Anarghou, Ahmed Tohami Ahami, F. Chigr, M. Najimi
Reading acquisition disorders constitute the main problem in children's learning. in Morocco, epidemiological data are very rare. Research, mainly in the English language, concerns either the sociological or the cognitive field. Few studies, among them not one in Arabic, have explored the link relating to social and cognitive factors. The purpose of our work is to study and analyze the cognitive and social variables related to different reading skills among Moroccan pupils in primary and secondary public schools. From a sample of 754 learners (388 boys and 366 girls) ranging in age from 9 to 15 years with an average of 11.59 years, the diagnostic tests identified 145 students with deficient skills "Bad readers (BR)," 128 suspected of being in difficulty classified as « intermediate level (IL) » and a group of 481 children as good readers ( GR). Statistical analyses have shown that the first two groups (BR and IL) represent 24% in the favoured areas compared to 43% in the disadvantaged. The analysis of scores and the nature of the errors made on various reading tests show that 41 students, or 5.43% of our sample, present a dyslexia profile. 13 (1.72%) of whom have very severe difficulties. The phonological aptitudes (Rapid automatized naming, phonological short-time memory and especially phonological awareness) mainly reflect the level of reading. These phonological abilities are highly influenced by early attendance of preschool and by the degree of exposure to written language at home. These data, which are unique in Morocco, are consistent to that of the published subject literature. They make it possible to plan preventive actions by generalizing pre-school teaching, particularly in precarious environments. These actions should be based on playful exercises aimed at improving phonological abilities at an early age, while exploiting the brain sensitivity to reading at that age. Phonological awareness and rapid naming are the most implicated factors in the disparity of reading skills. These abilities are highly influenced by the integration of preschool at a very early age and by the degree of exposure to written language activities. Therefore, there is a need to plan preventive actions, based on playful exercises, aiming to improve phonological skills from the pre-school period
{"title":"Diagnosis of dyslexic disorders and identification of factors associated with reading learning disabilities within the Moroccan context","authors":"S. Ihbour, R. Hnini, H. Anarghou, Ahmed Tohami Ahami, F. Chigr, M. Najimi","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0013.5599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5599","url":null,"abstract":"Reading acquisition disorders constitute the main problem in children's learning. in Morocco, epidemiological data are very rare. Research, mainly in the English language, concerns either the sociological or the cognitive field. Few studies, among them not one in Arabic, have explored the link relating to social and cognitive factors. The purpose of our work is to study and analyze the cognitive and social variables related to different reading skills among Moroccan pupils in primary and secondary public schools.\u0000\u0000From a sample of 754 learners (388 boys and 366 girls) ranging in age from 9 to 15 years with an average of 11.59 years, the diagnostic tests identified 145 students with deficient skills \"Bad readers (BR),\" 128 suspected of being in difficulty classified as « intermediate level (IL) » and a group of 481 children as good readers ( GR). Statistical analyses have shown that the first two groups (BR and IL) represent 24% in the favoured areas compared to 43% in the disadvantaged.\u0000\u0000The analysis of scores and the nature of the errors made on various reading tests show that 41 students, or 5.43% of our sample, present a dyslexia profile. 13 (1.72%) of whom have very severe difficulties. The phonological aptitudes (Rapid automatized naming, phonological short-time memory and especially phonological awareness) mainly reflect the level of reading. These phonological abilities are highly influenced by early attendance of preschool and by the degree of exposure to written language at home. These data, which are unique in Morocco, are consistent to that of the published subject literature. They make it possible to plan preventive actions by generalizing pre-school teaching, particularly in precarious environments. These actions should be based on playful exercises aimed at improving phonological abilities at an early age, while exploiting the brain sensitivity to reading at that age.\u0000\u0000Phonological awareness and rapid naming are the most implicated factors in the disparity of reading skills. These abilities are highly influenced by the integration of preschool at a very early age and by the degree of exposure to written language activities. Therefore, there is a need to plan preventive actions, based on playful exercises, aiming to improve phonological skills from the pre-school period\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":43280,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49066318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-25DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0013.4531
K. Markiewicz
The research focuses on the questions of if nurses working in various health care facilities present different abilities for emotional adaptation to the work environment, if they differ in feeling job related burnout, and what stress coping strategies they tend to employ. The Questionnaire of Emotional Intelligence (INTE), Link Burnout Questionnaire (LBQ), and the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS) were administered. The study comprised 104 nurses from various health care facilities located within 7 voivodships (Polish provincial administrative divisions). This included three groups of different types of work: general care, specialized medical care, and units providing care for patients at a high risk of dying. A statistical analysis was performed with IBM SPSS Statistic 24. A regression analysis of the interface between emotional intelligence and stress-coping strategies showed that a high degree of emotional intelligence fostered a strategy of task-avoidance coping, and diminished the tendency to concentrate on emotions during stressful situations, it also minimized the propensity of the individual to reduce stress by distracting themselves with other activities. However, the mediation analysis revealed that the impact of emotional intelligence decreased after the role of occupational burnout was taken into consideration. This finding suggests that it is rather the occupational burnout that limits the possibility to apply effective stress coping strategies and that stress management does not reduce the risk of burnout. The study indicated the significant role of emotional intelligence: as a higher level of this form of intelligence corresponded with a lower feeling of burnout in all its dimensions. The mediation analysis revealed that it is the occurrence of burnout that plays the most significant role in adjustment to the work environment. This finding suggests that the prevention of burnout is the most effective factor enabling productive work, and the maintenance of psychological wellbeing despite the many job stressors which may occur in the workplace. It creates the need to clarify its links with depression in order to concentrate on a really effective treatment.
{"title":"BURNOUT AS A MEDIATOR OF THE INTERRELATIONS BETWEEN EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND STRESS COPING STRATEGIES IN NURSES","authors":"K. Markiewicz","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0013.4531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.4531","url":null,"abstract":"The research focuses on the questions of if nurses working in various health care facilities present different abilities for emotional adaptation to the work environment, if they differ in feeling job related burnout, and what stress coping strategies they tend to employ.\u0000\u0000The Questionnaire of Emotional Intelligence (INTE), Link Burnout Questionnaire (LBQ), and the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS) were administered. The study comprised 104 nurses from various health care facilities located within 7 voivodships (Polish provincial administrative divisions). This included three groups of different types of work: general care, specialized medical care, and units providing care for patients at a high risk of dying. A statistical analysis was performed with IBM SPSS Statistic 24.\u0000\u0000A regression analysis of the interface between emotional intelligence and stress-coping strategies showed that a high degree of emotional intelligence fostered a strategy of task-avoidance coping, and diminished the tendency to concentrate on emotions during stressful situations, it also minimized the propensity of the individual to reduce stress by distracting themselves with other activities. However, the mediation analysis revealed that the impact of emotional intelligence decreased after the role of occupational burnout was taken into consideration. This finding suggests that it is rather the occupational burnout that limits the possibility to apply effective stress coping strategies and that stress management does not reduce the risk of burnout.\u0000\u0000The study indicated the significant role of emotional intelligence: as a higher level of this form of intelligence corresponded with a lower feeling of burnout in all its dimensions. The mediation analysis revealed that it is the occurrence of burnout that plays the most significant role in adjustment to the work environment. This finding suggests that the prevention of burnout is the most effective factor enabling productive work, and the maintenance of psychological wellbeing despite the many job stressors which may occur in the workplace. It creates the need to clarify its links with depression in order to concentrate on a really effective treatment.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":43280,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47041916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-25DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0013.6197
S. Bhatnagar, B. Patek, Yasmeen Khan-Ansari, Naveen Bansal, H. Buckingham, L. Hacein-Bey
Anomia remains one of the most recalcitrant linguistic disruptions in aphasia to treat. Developing successful interventions to address the word-finding deficits are complicated by the post-stroke symptom variability and inconsistent recovery patterns associated with anomia. Most of the current treatment methods, with a focus on specific compensating techniques and the repetitive practice of a limited set of items, have had variable success in naming treatment. However, it has not been possible to predict the gains in generalizing the learning beyond the stimuli used in practice or the controlled clinical setting. In this preliminary case study, we explore the value of a novel treatment concept, grounded in centuries of cognitive-perceptual exercises in mindfulness training. It incorporates the practice of mental imagery and focused attention to remedy the broken phonological assembly patterns found in word finding deficits. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential effectiveness of practicing the repeated activation of mental imagery of concrete objects as a therapeutic tool for repairing disorders of lexical retrieval in a subject with chronic moderate to severe word-finding deficits. This trial treatment was used to assist a right-handed, 68-year old educated male with a two-and-a-half years post-onset chronic severe aphasia (anomic type) secondary to a left hemispheric infarct. Two five-week long training protocols involving common (typical) and uncommon (less typical) categories of pictured objects were used for treating anomia. The first trial involved the blocked presentation of stimuli; the second trial, undertaken a year after, included a random presentation of stimuli. It was found that the impact was manifested in three ways: (1) an improved verbal naming of the treated objects; (2) retention of therapeutic gains by a successful generalization to untreated similar lexical items; and (3) importantly, serendipitous gains in the ability to concurrently write the names of the pictured objects. The post-treatment data on all blocked lexical trials, and some random lexical trials, were found to be significant on the Fisher’s exact test. The use of the visual mental imagery-based therapy had a positive impact on the partial restoration of the subject’s naming.
{"title":"MENTAL IMAGERY PRACTICE AS A THERAPY FOR NAMING IMPAIRMENTS: A PRELIMINARY STUDY","authors":"S. Bhatnagar, B. Patek, Yasmeen Khan-Ansari, Naveen Bansal, H. Buckingham, L. Hacein-Bey","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0013.6197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.6197","url":null,"abstract":"Anomia remains one of the most recalcitrant linguistic disruptions in aphasia to treat. Developing successful interventions to address the word-finding deficits are complicated by the post-stroke symptom variability and inconsistent recovery patterns associated with anomia. Most of the current treatment methods, with a focus on specific compensating techniques and the repetitive practice of a limited set of items, have had variable success in naming treatment. However, it has not been possible to predict the gains in generalizing the learning beyond the stimuli used in practice or the controlled clinical setting. In this preliminary case study, we explore the value of a novel treatment concept, grounded in centuries of cognitive-perceptual exercises in mindfulness training. It incorporates the practice of mental imagery and focused attention to remedy the broken phonological assembly patterns found in word finding deficits. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential effectiveness of practicing the repeated activation of mental imagery of concrete objects as a therapeutic tool for repairing disorders of lexical retrieval in a subject with chronic moderate to severe word-finding deficits.\u0000\u0000This trial treatment was used to assist a right-handed, 68-year old educated male with a two-and-a-half years post-onset chronic severe aphasia (anomic type) secondary to a left hemispheric infarct. Two five-week long training protocols involving common (typical) and uncommon (less typical) categories of pictured objects were used for treating anomia. The first trial involved the blocked presentation of stimuli; the second trial, undertaken a year after, included a random presentation of stimuli.\u0000\u0000It was found that the impact was manifested in three ways: (1) an improved verbal naming of the treated objects; (2) retention of therapeutic gains by a successful generalization to untreated similar lexical items; and (3) importantly, serendipitous gains in the ability to concurrently write the names of the pictured objects. The post-treatment data on all blocked lexical trials, and some random lexical trials, were found to be significant on the Fisher’s exact test.\u0000\u0000The use of the visual mental imagery-based therapy had a positive impact on the partial restoration of the subject’s naming.","PeriodicalId":43280,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49195101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-25DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0013.4241
D. Bradford
This study is a process analysis of probably the longest reported mystical experience: the six-month nirvikalpa samadhi of the Indian saint Ramakrishna Paramahamsa (1836-1886). Throughout this period he participated in Brahman, which is understood in the Vedantic tradition of India as the blissful, intrinsically conscious substance of being. Ramakrishna cycled between the states aligned with Brahman’s saguna (manifest) and nirguna (unmanifest) aspects. He was insensate and cataleptic during the nirguna phase of mystical cycles. Liminal consciousness, ecstatic emotion, and visions of God characterized the saguna phase. The respective states are likened to the onset and the resolution of the Minimally Conscious State, the least severe form of coma. The temporal pattern of individual cycles is attributed to the Basic RestActivity Cycle, a fundamental biological rhythm. Yoga practices that may have contributed to the onset and continuation of samadhi are reviewed. Ramakrishna’s nirvikalpa samadhi incorporated two basic forms of mystical experience: union with the personal God, and transient probing of the undifferentiated ground of being. Other mystical experiences may have a cyclical structure and conform with a biological rhythm.
{"title":"BIOLOGICAL RHYTHMS IN VEDANTIC MYSTICISM: THE EXAMPLE OF RAMAKRISHNA","authors":"D. Bradford","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0013.4241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.4241","url":null,"abstract":"This study is a process analysis of probably the longest reported mystical experience: the six-month nirvikalpa samadhi of the Indian saint Ramakrishna Paramahamsa (1836-1886). Throughout this period he participated in Brahman, which is understood in the Vedantic tradition of India as the blissful, intrinsically conscious substance of being. Ramakrishna cycled between the states aligned with Brahman’s saguna (manifest) and nirguna (unmanifest) aspects. He was insensate and cataleptic during the nirguna phase of mystical cycles. Liminal consciousness, ecstatic emotion, and visions of God characterized the saguna phase. The respective states are likened to the onset and the resolution of the Minimally Conscious State, the least severe form of coma. The temporal pattern of individual cycles is attributed to the Basic RestActivity Cycle, a fundamental biological rhythm. Yoga practices that may have contributed to the onset and continuation of samadhi are reviewed. Ramakrishna’s nirvikalpa samadhi incorporated two basic forms of mystical experience: union with the personal God, and transient probing of the undifferentiated ground of being. Other mystical experiences may have a cyclical structure and conform with a biological rhythm.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":43280,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49065516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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