{"title":"炭化・過熱水蒸気処理・爆砕による木質バイオマスの化学成分変化に関する研究","authors":"松永 安希子, 龍 大西, 満美 入江, 武則 山口, 明邦 牛久保","doi":"10.3985/JJSMCWM.22.149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3985/JJSMCWM.22.149","url":null,"abstract":"木質バイオマスを原料とした炭化・過熱水蒸気処理・爆砕などの処理技術が提案されているものの，これらの処理物を比較検討した研究は少ないため，本研究では3つの処理物について比較検討した。温度400℃処理時間60分で炭化した場合，アルコール・ベンゼン抽出物とホロセルロースの分解が進み，固定炭素が増加し，質の高い有効な燃料が製造できる。しかし，爆砕・過熱水蒸気処理に比べて，炭素の損失が極めて大きい処理であることが示された。蒸気温度200℃，処理時間60分の過熱水蒸気処理と爆砕において，広葉樹を原料とした場合，アルコール・ベンゼン抽出物が増加し，ホロセルロースの一部が分解された。過熱水蒸気処理は，固定炭素量が増加し，発熱量も高くなるが，炭化処理をした木材ほど燃料としての質は高くない。しかし，樹木中の炭素を有効に利用する場合，過熱水蒸気処理は炭素の損失が少なく，適していると考えられる。","PeriodicalId":432877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129592216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Waste Management Roles in the Improvement of Public Hygiene","authors":"Osawa Masaaki, 正明 大澤, 隆行 島岡, Shimaoka Takayuki, Nakayama Hirofumi, 裕文 中山","doi":"10.3985/JJSMCWM.20.291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3985/JJSMCWM.20.291","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":432877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115865241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Repair Costs for Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Plants","authors":"Osawa Masaaki, 正明 大澤, 敏正 相良, Sagara Toshimasa, Shimaoka Takayuki, 隆行 島岡, 裕文 中山, Nakayama Hirofumi","doi":"10.3985/JJSMCWM.20.171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3985/JJSMCWM.20.171","url":null,"abstract":"ごみ焼却施設は，耐火物や鋼板など定期的な補修が必要になる設備・機器が多く，これらの定期補修費は，財政難に苦しむ市町村にとって負担になってきている。また，ごみ焼却施設はメーカの独自技術で構成されていることもあり，定期補修工事は施設を建設したメーカに発注されることが一般的であるが，その工事額の算定基準が明確でないと指摘されることも多い。本研究では，ごみ焼却施設における定期補修費の現状について実態調査を行い，さらに定期補修費の精査手法を提案し，いくつかの施設においてケーススタディを行った。その結果，施設によって定期補修費の額に大きな差異が生じていることが明らかになり，施設の維持管理にあたっては適正な精査手法を採用するべきであるとともに，施設の建設計画にあたっても，建設費のみではなく補修費等維持管理費の状況についても留意を払うことが必要であることが示唆された。","PeriodicalId":432877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132561513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"地方都市における自家処理の評価 : 自家処理の実態把握とその環境的・経済的効果の分析","authors":"田畑 智博, 井原 智彦, 中澤 廣, 玄地 裕","doi":"10.3985/JJSMCWM.20.99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3985/JJSMCWM.20.99","url":null,"abstract":"本研究では，岩手県県央地域を対象とし，ごみ細組成調査により自家処理の実施量や実施方法の実態把握を行った。また，地域のごみ排出特性やごみ処理構造を踏まえ，一般廃棄物処理システムからみた自家処理実施の環境的・経済的効果を評価した。ごみ細組成調査の結果，自家処理の方法の大部分は生ごみ類のコンポストであり，年間の家庭ごみ排出原単位は525g/(人・日)，自家処理原単位は90g/(人・日) であった。自家処理世帯に着目した場合，現状ではごみ処理量の1.9%が自家処理されていること，さらにごみ処理量の6.9%を追加で自家処理可能であることを示した。これらを踏まえ，自家処理の実施方法に関する分析を行った結果，生ごみ処理容器で自家処理を徹底する場合，現状よりもGHG排出量を2.6%，最終処分量を6.2%，コストを6.5%削減できること，電動生ごみ処理機で徹底する場合，堆肥化時の電力消費の変動分が大きく，GHG，SOx，NOx，コストで不利になることが示された。","PeriodicalId":432877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127645922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Current Situation for Waste Treatment in Guangnan, Yunnan Province and Simulation Analysis on Introduction of Separation Treatment for Trouble-shooting","authors":"S. Wu, Yuki Sato, Toru Matsumoto","doi":"10.3985/jjsmcwm.32.72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3985/jjsmcwm.32.72","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":432877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115144502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study was to find lead stabilization mechanisms for fly ash with AlPO 4 (WAP) synthesized from a waste-phosphorus solution produced from the etching process in liquid crystal manufacture and an Al(OH) 3 solution. The results of JLT 13 showed that the synthesized WAP had greater lead stabilization ability than commercial Al (OH) 3 (CAH). Two lead stabilization mechanisms were identified. One mechanism is a decrease in pH caused by the formation of Friedelʼs salt, apatite and aluminum hydroxide through the dissolution of WAP. In the presence of NaCl instead of CaCl 2 as a major salt in fly ash, Friedelʼs salt was observed using WAP and CAH. However, a decrease in pH using WAP and an increase in pH using CAH were observed. Neutralizing the alkali generated in Friedelʼs salt formation by phosphoric acid causes WAP to decrease pH in the presence of NaCl. The second mechanism was that dissolved phosphoric acid reacts with lead to form insoluble lead chloroapatite and lead phosphate. In addition, the result of a low pH leaching test suggested that WAP has a high lead stabilization ability in acid conditions.
{"title":"Lead Stabilization Mechanisms of AlPO4 Prepared from Waste Acid Etchant in Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash","authors":"K. Kaikake, T. Sekito, M. Tsunomori, Y. Dote","doi":"10.3985/JJSMCWM.1120701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3985/JJSMCWM.1120701","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to find lead stabilization mechanisms for fly ash with AlPO 4 (WAP) synthesized from a waste-phosphorus solution produced from the etching process in liquid crystal manufacture and an Al(OH) 3 solution. The results of JLT 13 showed that the synthesized WAP had greater lead stabilization ability than commercial Al (OH) 3 (CAH). Two lead stabilization mechanisms were identified. One mechanism is a decrease in pH caused by the formation of Friedelʼs salt, apatite and aluminum hydroxide through the dissolution of WAP. In the presence of NaCl instead of CaCl 2 as a major salt in fly ash, Friedelʼs salt was observed using WAP and CAH. However, a decrease in pH using WAP and an increase in pH using CAH were observed. Neutralizing the alkali generated in Friedelʼs salt formation by phosphoric acid causes WAP to decrease pH in the presence of NaCl. The second mechanism was that dissolved phosphoric acid reacts with lead to form insoluble lead chloroapatite and lead phosphate. In addition, the result of a low pH leaching test suggested that WAP has a high lead stabilization ability in acid conditions.","PeriodicalId":432877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125303337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Study of Social Cost Benefit Analysis for Biodiesel Conversion Project that Features Collaboration with Employment Support Facilities for People with Disabilities and their Local Government","authors":"Sayaka Yaoya, Y. Shirai","doi":"10.3985/jjsmcwm.32.157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3985/jjsmcwm.32.157","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":432877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126638101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chloride Volatilization of Cesium from Pollucite toward Dry Removal of Cesium Contained in Sewage Sludge Ash","authors":"Yasuhisa Nagano, M. Kubota, H. Matsuda, S. Ochi","doi":"10.3985/JJSMCWM.27.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3985/JJSMCWM.27.16","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":432877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management","volume":"320 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122705268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Risk Communication in Kitakyushu City regarding Broad-based Disposal of the Great East Japan Earthquake","authors":"Yukari Izumi, Y. Shirai","doi":"10.3985/JJSMCWM.25.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3985/JJSMCWM.25.36","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":432877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114301093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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