{"title":"Material and Energy Balance in Dry Methane Fermentation Facility","authors":"Masaki Nishijima, T. Matsuto","doi":"10.3985/JJSMCWM.27.144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3985/JJSMCWM.27.144","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":432877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management","volume":"394 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122171254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of Industrial Waste Taxation","authors":"T. Sasao","doi":"10.3985/JJSMCWM.22.157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3985/JJSMCWM.22.157","url":null,"abstract":"全国47都道府県のパネルデータを用いて，産業廃棄物税導入による産業廃棄物の排出抑制効果について，課税方式別に分析する。併せて，経済状況が排出量に与える影響についても分析する。分析の結果，多くの県で導入されている最終処分業者特別徴収方式の場合，導入3年目以降に一定の削減効果が確認される。一方で，その他の課税方式では有意な排出削減効果は確認されず，特に三重・滋賀両県で導入されている排出事業者申告納付方式では，むしろ排出増加が確認される。また経済状況に関しては，すべての経済活動指標が排出量にプラスに働くことが確認される。最後に，産業廃棄物税導入による排出抑制効果が一部にとどまっている要因について考察する。","PeriodicalId":432877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116620299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Remediation of an industrial waste dumpsite that resulted from inappropriate disposal was conducted by removing buried wastes, placing a soil cover and installing several ventilation pipes. We observed methane gas fluxes from investigations over six years before and after the remediation, and estimated the reduction of methane gas emission. The gas fluxes from the ground were observed by using a closed static chamber technique. Meanwhile, a simplified method for the measurement of methane gas fluxes from the ventilation pipes and their surrounding areas was developed using a large chamber and a laser methane detector. Because the diameters of the ventilation pipes including their surrounding areas were more than 30 cm, existing measurement methods could not be used. After the remediation, the methane emissions decreased from 25-150 L/min to 3 . 8-9 . 5 L/min, and most of those emissions were from the areas surrounding the ventilation pipes. The danger to the nearby environment and the contribution to global warming were reduced by the remediation because landslides could be avoided and methane gas emission was reduced. However, stabilization of the abandoned waste is still in progress because methane gas continues to exist inside the site after the remediation.
{"title":"Gas Emission Control by Remediation of a Mountain of Inappropriate Waste Disposal","authors":"M. Nagamori, Y. Isobe, Yôichi Watanabe","doi":"10.3985/JJSMCWM.1121102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3985/JJSMCWM.1121102","url":null,"abstract":"Remediation of an industrial waste dumpsite that resulted from inappropriate disposal was conducted by removing buried wastes, placing a soil cover and installing several ventilation pipes. We observed methane gas fluxes from investigations over six years before and after the remediation, and estimated the reduction of methane gas emission. The gas fluxes from the ground were observed by using a closed static chamber technique. Meanwhile, a simplified method for the measurement of methane gas fluxes from the ventilation pipes and their surrounding areas was developed using a large chamber and a laser methane detector. Because the diameters of the ventilation pipes including their surrounding areas were more than 30 cm, existing measurement methods could not be used. After the remediation, the methane emissions decreased from 25-150 L/min to 3 . 8-9 . 5 L/min, and most of those emissions were from the areas surrounding the ventilation pipes. The danger to the nearby environment and the contribution to global warming were reduced by the remediation because landslides could be avoided and methane gas emission was reduced. However, stabilization of the abandoned waste is still in progress because methane gas continues to exist inside the site after the remediation.","PeriodicalId":432877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116818011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The feasibility of the anaerobic co-digestion of cow manure (CM) and energy crops (EC) was investi- gated in both batch and continuous experiments. A positive synergistic effect (about 8 %) for methane yield was observed by co-digesting CM and EC in batch experiments. Completely-mixed reactors for mono-digestion of CM and co-digestion of CM and EC (either dent corn or rice straw) were semi-continuously operated at a constant influent VS level of 10 %. The VS mixing ratio was set at 1 : 0 . 5 (EC/CM) in co-digestion. Stable and efficient co-digestion at hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of 30 days (mono-digestion basis) were obtained. Methane production increased by 61 % and 45 % in the dent corn co-digestion and the rice straw co-digestion, respectively, co mpared with the mono-digestion. At HRTs of 22 . 5 days (mono-digestion basis), the performance of co-digestion was also stable. Methane production increased by 57-72 % in the co-digestion reactors compared with mono-digestion. The results suggested that EC can be used as a co-substrate of CM anaerobic digestion for a significant methane production increase.
{"title":"Effects of Substrate Loading Rate in Anaerobic Co-digestion of Cow Manure and Energy Crops","authors":"Toshiya Komatsu, Akihiro Sasabuchi, S. Himeno","doi":"10.3985/JJSMCWM.29.119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3985/JJSMCWM.29.119","url":null,"abstract":"The feasibility of the anaerobic co-digestion of cow manure (CM) and energy crops (EC) was investi- gated in both batch and continuous experiments. A positive synergistic effect (about 8 %) for methane yield was observed by co-digesting CM and EC in batch experiments. Completely-mixed reactors for mono-digestion of CM and co-digestion of CM and EC (either dent corn or rice straw) were semi-continuously operated at a constant influent VS level of 10 %. The VS mixing ratio was set at 1 : 0 . 5 (EC/CM) in co-digestion. Stable and efficient co-digestion at hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of 30 days (mono-digestion basis) were obtained. Methane production increased by 61 % and 45 % in the dent corn co-digestion and the rice straw co-digestion, respectively, co mpared with the mono-digestion. At HRTs of 22 . 5 days (mono-digestion basis), the performance of co-digestion was also stable. Methane production increased by 57-72 % in the co-digestion reactors compared with mono-digestion. The results suggested that EC can be used as a co-substrate of CM anaerobic digestion for a significant methane production increase.","PeriodicalId":432877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128706542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Examination of Potential Carbon Reduction in Industrial Waste Transportation with Focus on Changes in Waste Treatment Facilities","authors":"Shinji Okubo, Toru Matsumoto, A. Fujiyama","doi":"10.3985/jjsmcwm.33.159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3985/jjsmcwm.33.159","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":432877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129210430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Kubota, Koga Shigeizumi, Hiromi Yamada, S. Noguchi, Kenichi Sato
The physical and chemical characteristics of MSWI bottom ashes from four different areas were investi-gated. The effects of sprinkling water and aeration on the elution characteristics of bottom ash were also researched. Treatments using the same liquid-solid ratio for two differing periods (1 day or about 50 days) were set up to study the effects of hydraulic intensity and ventilation volume. The quantities of Na and TOC eluted by the water-sprinkling treatment (L/S = 0 . 5-0 . 6) were found to be about the same as for mechanical washing (L/S = 10) if the intensity of the water sprinkling was optimized for each ash type. The results sug-gested that aeration for 50 days accelerated elution of Cl and inhibited elution of TOC. The elution of Cl was particularly affected by the initial chemical and mineral composition. This research also showed that aeration was more effective at inhibiting the elution of Pb and Ca than washing out by sprinkling water.
{"title":"Effects of Sprinkling Water and Aeration Treatments on the Elution Characteristics of MSWI Bottom Ash","authors":"H. Kubota, Koga Shigeizumi, Hiromi Yamada, S. Noguchi, Kenichi Sato","doi":"10.3985/JJSMCWM.28.199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3985/JJSMCWM.28.199","url":null,"abstract":"The physical and chemical characteristics of MSWI bottom ashes from four different areas were investi-gated. The effects of sprinkling water and aeration on the elution characteristics of bottom ash were also researched. Treatments using the same liquid-solid ratio for two differing periods (1 day or about 50 days) were set up to study the effects of hydraulic intensity and ventilation volume. The quantities of Na and TOC eluted by the water-sprinkling treatment (L/S = 0 . 5-0 . 6) were found to be about the same as for mechanical washing (L/S = 10) if the intensity of the water sprinkling was optimized for each ash type. The results sug-gested that aeration for 50 days accelerated elution of Cl and inhibited elution of TOC. The elution of Cl was particularly affected by the initial chemical and mineral composition. This research also showed that aeration was more effective at inhibiting the elution of Pb and Ca than washing out by sprinkling water.","PeriodicalId":432877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124678414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Takashi Shoji, Shota Iino, Katsuyuki Takahashi, Y. Kashima, Y. Koyama, Takashi Yamamoto, M. Osako
{"title":"Bag Filter Separation Efficiency Evaluated by Measuring Particle Number Concentrations at Incineration Plants Processing Radioactively Contaminated Wastes","authors":"Takashi Shoji, Shota Iino, Katsuyuki Takahashi, Y. Kashima, Y. Koyama, Takashi Yamamoto, M. Osako","doi":"10.3985/JJSMCWM.30.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3985/JJSMCWM.30.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":432877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129644276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Using Supercritical Water for the Recovery of Iron Oxides from Oily Mill Sludge Emitted by the Steel Industry","authors":"M. Akizuki, Y. Oshima","doi":"10.3985/JJSMCWM.23.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3985/JJSMCWM.23.18","url":null,"abstract":"製鉄圧延工程で発生する含油スラッジからの酸化鉄回収法として，超臨界水を利用した手法の検討を行った。超臨界水酸化条件においては，処理により付着有機物が95%以上除去され，有機物はCO2まで完全に酸化分解することが可能となった。この時，酸化鉄は有機物の酸化分解を触媒していることが示唆された。酸素が存在しない条件では，有機物の一部が溶解除去された。鉄の酸化状態は処理によって変化し，有機物の完全酸化量論量以上の酸素を用いるとFe2O3へと酸化される一方，量論量未満の酸素を用いた場合は，有機物の部分酸化反応によって還元性物質が生じ，Fe2O3がFe3O4へと還元され得ることが明らかになった。これらの結果は，超臨界水中においては，スラッジの酸化鉄と有機物が相互作用することで，処理の効率や酸化鉄の回収形態が変化することを示しており，有機無機混合廃棄物からの新たな無機物回収手法として期待が持たれる。","PeriodicalId":432877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126893553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Quick and Simple Analysis of Lignocellulose Ingredients by Thermogravimetric Analysis","authors":"T. Fujii, K. Mochidzuki, Shinichi Kobayashi, A. Sakoda","doi":"10.3985/JJSMCWM.22.293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3985/JJSMCWM.22.293","url":null,"abstract":"バイオマス研究に重要となるリグノセルロースの成分分析には，従来より広くデタージェント法が用いられている。しかしながら，デタージェント法は操作が煩雑であり，廃液も多量に排出されるという問題点がある。そこで本研究では，より迅速簡便なリグノセルロースの成分分析法として，熱重量解析による定量分析法を提案し検討した。この方法は，ヘミセルロース，セルロース，リグニンそれぞれの熱分解挙動の違いに着目し，灰分も含めた各成分を等速度昇温分析により求める方法である。種々の実験的検討の結果，提案した方法は，迅速簡便で誤差10%程度の確度を持ち，かつ廃液も出ない成分分析法としての実用性が示された。","PeriodicalId":432877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126974371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acid treatment was investigated for the practical chemical decomposition of asbestos-containing waste. Chemical decomposition of all six of the most hazardous asbestos was confirmed using actual waste speci-mens. Chrysotile was decomposed chemically using strong acids : HCl, H 2 SO 4 , and HNO 3 . Molding materials containing calcium components more than spraying materials required large amounts of H 2 SO 4 , but the calcium component did not influence treatment with HCl. Amphiboles of five kinds were chemically decomposed with mixed acids containing hydrofluoric acid. Hydrofluoric acid used as a mixed acid was more effec-tive than single acids for these reactions.
{"title":"Practical Model Experiment of Asbestos Waste Chemical Decomposition using Acid","authors":"T. Matsushima, Masaaki Yoshida","doi":"10.3985/JJSMCWM.28.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3985/JJSMCWM.28.101","url":null,"abstract":"Acid treatment was investigated for the practical chemical decomposition of asbestos-containing waste. Chemical decomposition of all six of the most hazardous asbestos was confirmed using actual waste speci-mens. Chrysotile was decomposed chemically using strong acids : HCl, H 2 SO 4 , and HNO 3 . Molding materials containing calcium components more than spraying materials required large amounts of H 2 SO 4 , but the calcium component did not influence treatment with HCl. Amphiboles of five kinds were chemically decomposed with mixed acids containing hydrofluoric acid. Hydrofluoric acid used as a mixed acid was more effec-tive than single acids for these reactions.","PeriodicalId":432877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management","volume":"194 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114737317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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