Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1215/15476715-10032646
G. Sutherland
{"title":"From Spinster to Career Woman: Middle-Class Women and Work in Victorian England by Arlene Young (review)","authors":"G. Sutherland","doi":"10.1215/15476715-10032646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/15476715-10032646","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43329,"journal":{"name":"Labor-Studies in Working-Class History of the Americas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72714215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1215/15476715-10032604
E. Rugemer
{"title":"The World That Fear Made: Slave Revolts and Conspiracy Scares in Early America by Jason T. Sharples (review)","authors":"E. Rugemer","doi":"10.1215/15476715-10032604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/15476715-10032604","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43329,"journal":{"name":"Labor-Studies in Working-Class History of the Americas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91241299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1215/15476715-10032618
Maren Hachmeister
{"title":"Labor in State-Socialist Europe, 1945–1989: Contributions to a History of Work by Marsha Siefert (review)","authors":"Maren Hachmeister","doi":"10.1215/15476715-10032618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/15476715-10032618","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43329,"journal":{"name":"Labor-Studies in Working-Class History of the Americas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75776095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1215/15476715-10032448
M. Lause
{"title":"Mongrel Firebugs and Men of Property: Capitalism and Class Conflict in American History by Steve Fraser (review)","authors":"M. Lause","doi":"10.1215/15476715-10032448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/15476715-10032448","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43329,"journal":{"name":"Labor-Studies in Working-Class History of the Americas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81498365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1215/15476715-10032362
D. Witwer
Abstract:Richard Gosser was a national leader in the United Auto Workers (UAW) union and a contemporary of James R. Hoffa. Both men had similar backgrounds, had similar ties to organized crime, and faced similar allegations of corruption, but the results of those allegations differed dramatically. Hoffa was singled out by a congressional investigative committee, and his name became a byword for the menace of labor racketeering. After an initial period of controversy, Gosser enjoyed a reputation as a labor statesman. A comparison of their careers highlights the political nature of union corruption probes. Gosser's career also provides a historical perspective on the sources of the recent corruption scandals that have shaken the UAW.
摘要:理查德·戈瑟(Richard Gosser)是美国汽车工人联合会(UAW)的全国领导人，与詹姆斯·霍法(James R. Hoffa)是同时代的人。两人有着相似的背景，与有组织犯罪有相似的联系，面临着类似的腐败指控，但这些指控的结果却大相径庭。霍法被国会调查委员会挑出来，他的名字成为劳工敲诈勒索威胁的代名词。在最初的一段争议期之后，戈瑟获得了作为劳工政治家的声誉。他们职业生涯的对比凸显了工会腐败调查的政治本质。戈瑟的职业生涯也为我们提供了一个历史视角，让我们了解最近动摇了全美汽车工人联合会(UAW)的腐败丑闻的根源。
{"title":"The United Auto Workers' Jimmy Hoffa: The Backstory to the Current Corruption Scandal","authors":"D. Witwer","doi":"10.1215/15476715-10032362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/15476715-10032362","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Richard Gosser was a national leader in the United Auto Workers (UAW) union and a contemporary of James R. Hoffa. Both men had similar backgrounds, had similar ties to organized crime, and faced similar allegations of corruption, but the results of those allegations differed dramatically. Hoffa was singled out by a congressional investigative committee, and his name became a byword for the menace of labor racketeering. After an initial period of controversy, Gosser enjoyed a reputation as a labor statesman. A comparison of their careers highlights the political nature of union corruption probes. Gosser's career also provides a historical perspective on the sources of the recent corruption scandals that have shaken the UAW.","PeriodicalId":43329,"journal":{"name":"Labor-Studies in Working-Class History of the Americas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74635318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1215/15476715-10032334
M. Collins
{"title":"Virden","authors":"M. Collins","doi":"10.1215/15476715-10032334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/15476715-10032334","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43329,"journal":{"name":"Labor-Studies in Working-Class History of the Americas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90910340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1215/15476715-10032376
Tobias Higbie, Gaspar Rivera-Salgado
Abstract:In 2000, the AFL-CIO officially embraced the call for amnesty for undocumented immigrant workers, reversing long-standing policy in favor of greater restriction and border enforcement. The roots of this new approach stretched back to the 1970s, when the growing presence of undocumented workers in the industrial workforce challenged organized labor's nationalist orthodoxy. Taking the International Ladies Garment Workers Union (ILGWU) in Los Angeles as a case study, we show how one union confronted new demographic and organizing realities and recognized the demand for unionization among new immigrants. Radical community organizers, legal advocates, and union organizing staff created a practice of labor citizenship, the recognition of the immigrants' right to remain by virtue the demand for their labor. The promise of belonging through organizing and collective bargaining was limited by state power and the structural weakness of organized labor in the emerging neoliberal economy. Nevertheless, ILGWU campaigns trained a cohort of organizers that would become central to the union upsurge in Los Angeles during the 1990s.
{"title":"The Border at Work: Undocumented Workers, the ILGWU in Los Angeles, and the Limits of Labor Citizenship","authors":"Tobias Higbie, Gaspar Rivera-Salgado","doi":"10.1215/15476715-10032376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/15476715-10032376","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In 2000, the AFL-CIO officially embraced the call for amnesty for undocumented immigrant workers, reversing long-standing policy in favor of greater restriction and border enforcement. The roots of this new approach stretched back to the 1970s, when the growing presence of undocumented workers in the industrial workforce challenged organized labor's nationalist orthodoxy. Taking the International Ladies Garment Workers Union (ILGWU) in Los Angeles as a case study, we show how one union confronted new demographic and organizing realities and recognized the demand for unionization among new immigrants. Radical community organizers, legal advocates, and union organizing staff created a practice of labor citizenship, the recognition of the immigrants' right to remain by virtue the demand for their labor. The promise of belonging through organizing and collective bargaining was limited by state power and the structural weakness of organized labor in the emerging neoliberal economy. Nevertheless, ILGWU campaigns trained a cohort of organizers that would become central to the union upsurge in Los Angeles during the 1990s.","PeriodicalId":43329,"journal":{"name":"Labor-Studies in Working-Class History of the Americas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78961907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1215/15476715-10032348
Sarah Stanford-McIntyre
Abstract:This article uncovers the hidden history of Desk and Derrick, a female-only petroleum industry employees' club, to emphasize the importance of clerical work and support staff to oil industry development. In doing so, it demonstrates that despite the oil industry's mythology of individual inventors and lucky wildcatters, oil was remarkably similar to other large-scale scientific and engineering enterprises during the middle decades of the twentieth century. Throughout the 1950s and 1960s, oil's white-collar and administrative jobs expanded rapidly. And in this industry as in others, women were fundamental to oil industry technological development and labor conflicts. Desk and Derrick's was a haven for working women, providing community, training, and leadership opportunities in an industry deeply hostile to female employees. The club provided numerous outreach and educational campaigns included seminars, workshops, fieldtrips, and conventions. These events showcased female competence and technical knowledge, clashing with union derision and corporate dismissal. The club's vocal emphasis on scientific education and credentialization represented a bid for female inclusion within an increasingly technically complex professional world. However, entrenched workplace sexism and union hostility to changing labor structures limited member opportunities. Ultimately, Desk and Derrick's middle-class aspirations allied the club with industry rebranding efforts and helped support industry automation and union-busting. Desk and Derrick valorized industry engineers and scientific professionals, spreading narratives of prosperity through technology that coincided with industry-wide efforts to repair oil companies' reputations as greedy, wasteful, and exploitative. In turn, midcentury oil companies promoted Desk and Derrick as a convenient, grassroots way to spread their message.
摘要:本文通过揭露石油行业女性员工俱乐部Desk and Derrick的隐秘历史，强调文书工作和后勤人员对石油行业发展的重要性。在这样做的过程中，它表明，尽管石油行业的神话是个体发明家和幸运的冒险者，但在20世纪中期的几十年里，石油与其他大型科学和工程企业非常相似。在整个20世纪50年代和60年代，石油业的白领和行政工作迅速增加。在这个行业和其他行业一样，女性是石油行业技术发展和劳工冲突的基础。Desk and Derrick’s是职业女性的避风港，在一个对女性员工极度敌视的行业中，它提供社区、培训和领导机会。扶轮社提供许多外展及教育活动，包括研讨会、工作坊、实地考察及会议。这些事件展示了女性的能力和技术知识，与工会的嘲笑和公司的解雇相冲突。该俱乐部对科学教育和资格认证的强调，代表了在技术日益复杂的职业世界中，女性的加入。然而，根深蒂固的职场性别歧视和工会对改变劳动结构的敌意限制了会员的机会。最终，Desk和Derrick的中产阶级愿望将俱乐部与行业重塑努力联系起来，并帮助支持行业自动化和工会破坏。Desk和Derrick对行业工程师和科学专业人士进行了评估，传播了通过技术实现繁荣的说法，同时整个行业都在努力修复石油公司贪婪、浪费和剥削的名声。反过来，20世纪中叶的石油公司将Desk和Derrick推广为一种方便、草根的传播信息的方式。
{"title":"Desk and Derrick: The Women's Petroleum Industry Club That Envisioned Oil's Technocratic Future","authors":"Sarah Stanford-McIntyre","doi":"10.1215/15476715-10032348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/15476715-10032348","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article uncovers the hidden history of Desk and Derrick, a female-only petroleum industry employees' club, to emphasize the importance of clerical work and support staff to oil industry development. In doing so, it demonstrates that despite the oil industry's mythology of individual inventors and lucky wildcatters, oil was remarkably similar to other large-scale scientific and engineering enterprises during the middle decades of the twentieth century. Throughout the 1950s and 1960s, oil's white-collar and administrative jobs expanded rapidly. And in this industry as in others, women were fundamental to oil industry technological development and labor conflicts. Desk and Derrick's was a haven for working women, providing community, training, and leadership opportunities in an industry deeply hostile to female employees. The club provided numerous outreach and educational campaigns included seminars, workshops, fieldtrips, and conventions. These events showcased female competence and technical knowledge, clashing with union derision and corporate dismissal. The club's vocal emphasis on scientific education and credentialization represented a bid for female inclusion within an increasingly technically complex professional world. However, entrenched workplace sexism and union hostility to changing labor structures limited member opportunities. Ultimately, Desk and Derrick's middle-class aspirations allied the club with industry rebranding efforts and helped support industry automation and union-busting. Desk and Derrick valorized industry engineers and scientific professionals, spreading narratives of prosperity through technology that coincided with industry-wide efforts to repair oil companies' reputations as greedy, wasteful, and exploitative. In turn, midcentury oil companies promoted Desk and Derrick as a convenient, grassroots way to spread their message.","PeriodicalId":43329,"journal":{"name":"Labor-Studies in Working-Class History of the Americas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72413790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1215/15476715-10032406
Rashad Shabazz
{"title":"We Are Not Slaves: State Violence, Coerced Labor, and Prisoners' Rights in Postwar America by Robert T. Chase (review)","authors":"Rashad Shabazz","doi":"10.1215/15476715-10032406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/15476715-10032406","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43329,"journal":{"name":"Labor-Studies in Working-Class History of the Americas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72982695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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